Inactive space objects are usually rotating and tumbling as a result of internal or external forces. KOREASAT 1 has been inactive since 2005, and its drift trajectory has been monitored with the optical wide-field patrol network (OWL-Net). However, a quantitative analysis of KOREASAT 1 in regard to the attitude evolution has never been performed. Here, two optical tracking systems were used to acquire raw measurements to analyze the rotation period of two inactive satellites. During the optical campaign in 2013, KOREASAT 1 was observed by a 0.6 m class optical telescope operated by the Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute (KASI). The rotation period of KOREASAT 1 was analyzed with the light curves from the photometry results. The rotation periods of the low Earth orbit (LEO) satellite ASTRO-H after break-up were detected by OWL-Net on April 7, 2016. We analyzed the magnitude variation of each satellite by differential photometry and made comparisons with the star catalog. The illumination effect caused by the phase angle between the Sun and the target satellite was corrected with the system tool kit (STK) and two line element (TLE) technique. Finally, we determined the rotation period of two inactive satellites on LEO and geostationary Earth orbit (GEO) with light curves from the photometry. The main rotation periods were determined to be 5.2 sec for ASTRO-H and 74 sec for KOREASAT 1.

식용 귀뚜라미를 고압증기멸균한 뒤 동결건조하였으며, 이를 분쇄하여 AL/PET/LLDPE film에 포장 후 25, 35 및 40℃에서 6개월 동안 저장하며 한 달 간격으로 품질변화를 측정하였다. 수분함량은 저장기간 중 모든 구에서 증가하 였으나, 저장 6개월 차에 저장온도별 유의적 차이는 없었다. 산가의 초기값은 1.83 mg KOH/g 이였으며, 저장 6개월 차에 25, 35 및 40℃ 저장구는 1.93, 2.04 및 2.15 mg KOH/g 으로 증가하였다. 지방산은 palmitic acid, oleic acid 및 linoleic acid가 24.79, 28.58 및 28.55 g/100 g으로 높은 함량 을 나타내었으며, palmitic acid 및 linoleic acid는 저장온도 별 증·감소의 경향이 뚜렷하지 않았으나, oleic acid는 저장 기간 중 감소하는 경향을 나타내었다. 일반세균 및 대장균 군은 저장기간 동안 검출되지 않았다. 관능검사의 경우 25 및 35℃ 저장구는 유의적 차이가 없으나, 40℃ 저장구는 유의적 차이를 나타내었다(p<0.05). 저장기간 중 품질에 영 향을 미치는 인자는 수분함량, 산가, oleic acid 및 flavor로 판단되었으며, 이들의 한계 기준을 각각 5%, 3 mg KOH/g, 26.5 g/100 g 및 6으로 설정하여 유통온도 25℃를 기준으로 VSLSF 프로그램으로 유통기한을 산출하였다. 수분함량, 산가, oleic acid 및 flavor의 유통기한을 산출한 결과 23, 61, 150 및 155개월이었으며, 유통기한이 가장 짧은 항목에 안전계수 0.8을 적용하여 18개월로 설정하였다. 이상의 결 과는 제조 후 25℃ 유통조건에서 18개월까지는 귀뚜라미 분말의 품질 안정성이 유지되는 것으로 판단되었다.

Insects have gained increasing attention as an alternative protein and nutrient rich food source for humans. This study was conducted to investigate the physicochemical characteristics and harmful components of edible crickets (Gryllus bimaculatus) in the 6 districts of Yeonggwang (YG), Jeongseon (JS), Wonju (WJ), Hwaseong (HS), Geochang (GC), and Chungju (CJ). The average crude protein and crude lipid contents on a dry basis were 64.34% and 16.60%, respectively. The crude protein content of CJ was the highest (67.40%), whereas YG (59.42%) had the lowest content. On the other hand, the crude fat content of YG was the highest (20.61%), whereas CJ (14.04%) had the lowest content. The unsaturated fatty acid contents were 57.97-63.93 g/100 g of the total fatty acid content in the crickets of the 6 districts. The major fatty acids of the crickets in the 6 districts were palmitic acid, oleic acid, and linoleic acid. Among the essential amino acids, valine, leucine, and lysine were the most abundant. GC had the highest total amino acids (57.93 g/100 g), whereas YG (48.65 g/100 g) had the lowest. Major mineral contents included potassium (K, 0.92~1.01 mg/100 mg) and phosphorus (P, 0.74~0.88 mg/100 mg). The mineral composition was fairly similar among the crickets. Crickets in the 6 districts were verified to have safe levels of residual heavy metals according to the Korea Food & Drug Administration (KFDA) advisory levels.

Several optical monitoring strategies by a ground-based telescope to protect a Geostationary Earth Orbit (GEO) satellite from collisions with close approaching objects were investigated. Geostationary Transfer Orbit (GTO) objects, Inclined GeoSynchronous Orbit (IGSO) objects, and drifted GEO objects forced by natural perturbations are hazardous to operational GEO satellites regarding issues related to close approaches. The status of these objects was analyzed on the basis of their orbital characteristics in Two-Line Element (TLE) data from the Joint Space Operation Center (JSpOC). We confirmed the conjunction probability with all catalogued objects for the domestic operational GEO satellite, Communication, Ocean and Meteorological Satellite (COMS) using the Conjunction Analysis Tools by Analytical Graphics, Inc (AGI). The longitudinal drift rates of GeoSynchronous Orbit (GSO) objects were calculated, with an analytic method and they were confirmed using the Systems Tool Kit by AGI. The required monitoring area was determined from the expected drift duration and inclination of the simulated target. The optical monitoring strategy for the target area was analyzed through the orbit determination accuracy. For this purpose, the close approach of Russian satellite Raduga 1-7 to Korean COMS in 2011 was selected.

본 연구는 국내에서 생산·유통되는 무 새싹채소의 미생물 및 영양학적 품질지표를 조사하기 위하여 2개월에 한번씩 무 새싹채소를 구매한 후, 미생물 오염도, 총 페놀함량,총 카로티노이드 함량, 총 글루코시놀레이트 함량 및 개별 글루코시놀레이트 화합물을 분석하고, 항산화활성을 측정해보았다. 일반세균수와 대장균군수는 평균 7.45±0.73 log CFU/g과 6.55±0.61 log CFU/g을 나타내었으며, 겨울철에는 각각 6.70±0.61 log CFU/g과 6.09±0.50 log CFU/g으로 낮았고, 여름철에는 각각 7.91±0.15 log CFU/g과 6.94±0.17log CFU/g으로 높은 오염도를 나타내었다. 총 페놀함량은 평균 16.82±0.69 mg/g을 나타내었으며 구매시기별 유의차는 없는 것으로 확인되었다. 총 카로티노이드 함량은 평균값이 10.73±2.08 mg/g로, 계절별로 비교했을 때 겨울이 여름보다 높은 함량을 나타내었다. 총 글루코시놀레이트 함량은 평균 65.80±12.68 mg/g이었으며, 12월에 73.47±4.67mg/g으로 가장 높은 함량을 보였으나, 구매시기에 따른 유의적인 차이는 나타나지 않았다. 개별 글루코시놀레이트함량은 glucoerucin, glucoraphenin, gluconasrutiin, glucobrassicin의 순서로 높게 나타내었으며, glucoerucin을 제외한 성분들은 구매시기에 따른 성분함량에서 유의적 차이를 나타내지는 않았다. 항산화 활성은 DPPH 라디컬 소거능으로 측정하였는데, 2월에 가장 높고 6월에 가장 낮은 항산화 활성을 보여, 겨울철이 여름철에 비해 항산화활성이 높은 것을 알 수 있었다. 따라서, 무 새싹채소의 미생물 오염도, 총 카로티노이드 함량 및 항산화 활성은 구매시기에 따라 함량 및 활성의 변화를 보였으나, 총 페놀 함량, 총 글루코시놀레이트는 구매시기별 유의적인 차이 없음을 확인할 수 있었다.

We report on a unique case of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma of the cecum, which presented as a subepithelial tumor. A 62- year-old woman with abdominal pain underwent a colonoscopy, resulting in detection of a subepithelial tumor measuring 2 cm in the cecum. We performed a right hemicolectomy with diagnostic and curative intent; histological examination and immunohistochemical staining of the resected tumor indicated a diagnosis of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. The patient achieved complete remission with combination chemotherapy.