In general, the shape of cumulus-oocyte-complexes (COCs) at germinal vesicle (GV) stage is important roles on meiotic maturation of porcine oocyte during in vitro maturation (IVM). Then, mitochondria produce reactive oxygen species (ROS) such as superoxide from electron transport system during oocyte maturation. ROS levels on oocytes are regulated by various antioxidant enzymes in cumulus cells (CCs). However, the effect of mitochondria derived superoxide production from CCs during IVM of porcine oocyte has not been reported. Firstly, we divided groups according to large number of CCs (Grade 1: G1) and small number of CCs (Grade 2: G2). Then, we counted cumulus cells of G1 and G2 oocyte by using haemocytometer. The oocyte maturation rate was significant decreased (p < 0.05) in G2 oocytes than that of G1 oocytes. We measured mitochondria derived superoxide in G1 and G2 COCs by using Mito-SOX staining. Mitochondrial superoxide was higher in G2 COCs than G1 COCs. Then, the mRNA expression levels of antioxidant enzymes (SOD1, SOD2 and PRDX3) in G2 COCs were decreased compared to G1 COCs. To reduce mitochondria derived superoxide, we used Mito-TEMPO as mitochondrial superoxide scavenger. Oocyte maturation rates in both G1 and G2 groups treated with Mito-TEMPO were increased than that of non-treated groups. Mitochondrial superoxide was lower in G1 and G2 groups treated with Mito-TEMPO than that of non-treatment groups. The mRNA expression levels of antioxidant enzymes in G1 and G2 COCs treated with Mito-TEMPO were increased compared to non-treated groups. Based on these findings, we suggest that reduction of mitochondria derived superoxide by Mito-TEMPO assists maturation competence in porcine oocytes.

The purpose of this study was to identify the effect of upper thoracic mobilization on cervical alignment in stroke patients with forward head posture. The subject's of this study were two stroke patients with forward head posture and a cervical curve angle (four-line Cobb's method; FLCM) less than 40°. The intervention, central posterior-anterior (PA) mobilization, was applied to the T1-T4 vertebrae (upper thoracic spine) following the Maitland concept. This mobilization was applied three times per week for four weeks. In the results, the cervical curve angle (FLCM) increased for both subject 1 and 2. However, Jochumsen method score was decreased in subject 1, while it was increased in subject 2. These results demonstrate that upper thoracic mobilization had the positive effect on the cervical curve angle but not on Jochumsen method score. These findings suggest that PA mobilization on the upper thoracic spine could correct cervical curve angle measured by FLMC in stroke patients with FHP.

In Sri Lanka, the shoulder in asphalt pavements has been constructed using the materials transported from borrow pit in the iRoad Project due to the low quality of in-situ soils. After excavating 150~200mm thick and 500mm wide shoulder area, the borrow pit materials are placed and compacted according to specifications. The excavated in-situ soils are dumped in designated location. It is estimated that this process of shoulder construction is not economical due to high material transportation cost and can also induce the environmental issues by disposal of in-situ soils. It can also cause distresses such as surface rutting and edge drop-off in soft shoulder section due to bearing capacity failure and off-tracking of vehicle. The heavy rainfall in Sri Lanka can induce severe erosion problem when using the soft shoulder. To improve the strength and durability of pavement shoulders in the iRoad Project, the soil stabilization will be a good alternative to solve the above mentioned problems. The use of in-situ soils with addition of soil stabilizer enables to reduce the construction cost of shoulder section and mitigate the environment issues. The objective of this task is to review the application of soil stabilization method for soft shoulder construction in the iRoad Project. Firstly, the quantitative analysis of soil strength improvement due to soil stabilization was done for soil samples collected from iRoad construction sites. Two types of soils were selected from iRoad Project sites and prepared for soil stabilization testing by the Road Development Authority. Secondly, the appropriate stabilizer was selected at given soil type based on test results. Three different stabilizers, ST-1, ST-2, and ST-3, produced in Korea were used for estimating soil strength improvements. Finally, the optimum stabilizer content was determined for improving shoulder performance. The uniaxial compressive strength (UCS) test was conducted to evaluate the strength of stabilized soil samples in accordance with ASTM D 1633. The use of bottom ash as a stabilizer produced from power plant in Sri Lanka was also reviewed in this task.

The virtual reality HMD is developed to enable interaction with the outside by combining cameras in the front, and will provide a 360 degree full-body tracking virtual reality game environment so that it can freely roam the room-scale area without any complicated line. However, compared to the development of devices, the actual space in which to operate it is still limited, which will be the biggest obstacle to freely exploring a wide range of virtual reality environments. In order to solve this problem, Redirected Walking, which allows people to explore the wide virtual reality space by tricking their cognitive ability, is under study, but there are unresolved problems and there is a permanent safety risk of virtual reality. In this paper, we propose an enhanced redirected walking that uses tof camera to control variables that lead to other directions before they can not go forward in the real world, and to visualize real spatial information in virtual reality game environment to cope with walls, obstacles, or sudden risk factors.

Recently, many studies on Mixed Reality have been going on. Virtual Reality can only show virtual objects, but Mixed Reality combines real-world information to open up more possibilities. In the game, interaction between the player and others is an essential factor, and games based on Virtual Reality or Mixed Reality using HMD are no exception. For this, we implemented a Mixed Reality System for the Behavior-like Interaction using an additional device to HMD that supports Virtual Reality. This paper presents the theoretical content, the overall contents of the implemented Mixed Reality System, the experiment, the evaluation, and the results.

This experiment was carried out to investigate the effect of harvesting time of Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam; IRG) in spring on dry matter (DM) yield. IRG cultivars ‘Kowinearly’ and ‘Greenfarm’ were seeded at 50 kg/ha and grown on rice paddy fields. There was no difference in growth characteristics between both varieties before winter. However, cold tolerance of Kowinearly was higher than that of Greenfarm, as demonstrated by post-wintering growth characteristics. The heading date of both varieties was affected by the spring weather. The IRG was harvested three times at 5-day intervals beginning from 9 May. The DM yield of Greenfarm was 6,306; 7,335; and 8,109 kg/ha, and that of Kowinearly was 7,498; 9,196; and 10,449 kg/ha at the three consecutive harvests. The delay of the harvesting time for 5 and 10 days increased the DM yield of Greenfarm by 16% and 29% and that of Kowinearly by 23% and 39%, respectively, compared to the yield at first harvest (p < 0.05). Therefore, IRG harvest later than early to mid-May is expected to increase productivity. The feed values of Greenfarm were: 12.2% of crude protein (CP), 34.5% of acid detergent fiber (ADF), 57.7% of neutral detergent fiber (NDF), 61.6% of total digestible nutrients (TDN), and 72.3% of in vitro DM digestibility (IVDMD). For Kowinearly, these values were 16.4% of CP, 30.4% of ADF, 52.7% of NDF, 64.9% of TDN and 79.0% of IVDMD.

The present study investigated the effects of different seeding rates on growth characteristics and seed productivity of the “Kowinearly” cultivar of Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.) in paddy fields. Sowing Kowinearly in paddy fields under growing rice at the rates of 20, 30, 40, and 50 kg/ha resulted in seed yields of 1.57, 1.92, 2.06, and 2.09 ton/ha, respectively. Seed yield of Kowinearly was the highest at a seeding rate of 50 kg/ha (p<0.05), at which the cultivar was able to survive in winter and the weed ratio was low. Under these conditions, most growth characteristics such as winter survival (85%), weed ratio (10%), stems per square meter (1,006) were superior than those sown at other seeding rates (p<0.05). In addition, it has been reported that the economic efficiency of the 50 kg/ha seeding rate was higher than that of the other seeding rates.

The market for Game is gradually expanding every year, but most of games are disappearing. For this Reason, User have chosen games based on external factors, and users have been not able to choose customized games for users. Thus, This study aim to provide customized game contents to users among 6 content (logic, space, word, nature, body, music) by making a immersion evaluation model using the Csikszentmihalyi’s theory of flow and Gardner's theory of multiple intelligence. First, it is assumed that the definition of immersion can be obtained as an arousal which is an axis of the emotion criterion. Then, after learning the arousal classification model based on the head micro-vibration as emotion signal, the immersion evaluation system is verified through the evaluation with the multi-intelligence theory. As a result, the user can be informed of what contents are most immersed in the content, and allow to choose the game suitable for himself.

The sintering mechanisms of nanoscale copper powders have been investigated. A molecular dynamics (MD) simulation with the embedded-atom method (EAM) was employed for these simulations. The dimensional changes for initial-stage sintering such as characteristic lengths, neck growth, and neck angle were calculated to understand the densification behavior of copper nano-powders. Factors affecting sintering such as the temperature, powder size, and crystalline misalignment between adjacent powders have also been studied. These results could provide information of setting the processing cycles and material designs applicable to nano-powders. In addition, it is expected that MD simulation will be a foundation for the multi-scale modeling in sintering process.

QR code has been widely used for Augmented Reality games as well as for many commercial applications. However, its usage was limited because it is difficult to enable tangible interactions through which users may change 3D models or animations. Markers, by blocking designated regions, may be recognized as different patterns allowing for tangible user interactions. Unlike markers, it is difficult to alter QR code patterns because QR code contains error correction patterns. In most cases, altered patterns cannot be recognized. Our goal was to enable QR code based interactions for Augmented Reality games. By performing research and experiments, we discovered a mechanism for altering QR code to change the text string that the QR code represents. In this paper, we introduced a QR code alteration prototype that is based on composition of partial QR codes by using transparent film overlays. We endowed tangible interaction capability to QR code for Augmented Reality games.

This study investigated the densification behavior of rhenium alloys including W-25 wt.%Re and Re-2W-1Ta (pure Re) during sintering. The dilatometry experiments were carried out to obtain the in-situ shrinkage in H2 atmo-sphere. The measured data was analyzed through shrinkage, strain rate and relative density, and then symmetricallytreated to construct the linearized form of master sintering curve (MSC) and MSC as a well-known and straightforwardapproach to describe the densification behavior during sintering. The densification behaviors for each material were ana-lyzed in many respects including apparent activation energy, densification parameter, and densification ratio. MSC witha minimal set of preliminary experiments can make the densification behavior to be characterized and predicted as wellas provide guideline to sinter cycle design. Considering the results of linearized form and MSC, it was confirmed thatthe W-25 wt.%Re compared to Pure Re is more easily densified at the relatively low temperature.

The cotton aphid, Aphis gossypii Glover (Hemiptera: Aphididae), is one of the major insect pests of cucumber, Cucumis sativus L. The spatial distribution and occurrence of Aphis gossypii Glover on greenhouse cucumber, Cucumis sativus L., were studied to provide an efficient and reliable sampling plan for its control. A highly clumped pattern was observed among plants (TPL b = 1.63) within a greenhouse. To develop a sampling plan for visual enumeration, leaves within plants were selected by different percentages of leaves (eg., 3rd and 6th, 6th and 9th leaf,…from the bottom of the plant) and then compared the accuracies and efficiencies by relative net precision (RNP). The results indicated that selecting leaves from the bottom of the plant by systemic sampling methods were relatively high as other sampling methods.

최근 MS사에서 Kinect를 출시하면서. 기존 고가의 RGB-D 카메라 센서를 대신하고 또한 MS의 SDK와 다른 라이브러리를 통해서 쉽게 동작/공간 인식을 활용할 수 있어 다양한 연구에 활용되고 있다. 우리는 이 연구에서 공간 분석 알고리즘을 통해서 삼차원 공간을 재구성하고 적합한 텍스쳐 컨텐츠를 제작하여 RGB-D 센서와 프로젝터가 합쳐진 디스플레이 모듈을 통해 실제 객체에 텍스쳐를 투영하고 사용자와 상호 작용하는 놀이공간을 구성하였다. 이를 통해서 실제 객체의 고정된 텍스쳐를 확장하고 사용자와 반응하는 전시형 체험 공간에 활용가능 하다.

모바일 기술들이 발전함에 따라 발전된 모바일 기기들이 나오고, 그에 따른 여러 모바일 관련 분야의 기술들이 발전해가고 있다. 이런 모바일 기기들이 많이 나오고 있는 지금, 많은 사람들이 모바일 기기를 이용하는 시간이 늘어남에 따라 휴식시간에도 모바일 기기를 이용한 즐거움을 찾는 사람들이 늘어나고 있다. 그러면서 모바일 기기의 휴대성과 편리성을 이용하여 기존 컴퓨터로는 휴대하며 이용하기 불편했던 많은 증강현실 게임 기술들이 나오고 있다. 하지만 현재까지 나오고 있는 증강현실 게임들을 보면 미리 마커가 설치된 곳에서만 이용이 가능하거나, 모바일 기기가 인식할 수 있는 특징 점을 갖고 있는 장소에서만의 이용이 가능했다. 또한 GPS를 이용한 증강현실 게임의 경우 GPS상의 오차로 인한 약간의 불편함들이 존재했다. 본 논문에서는 모바일 기기에서 레이저 포인터를 이용한 증강현실 게임을 제시하며 앞서 살펴본 봐와 같은 기존 모바일 증강현실 게임들의 문제점들을 해결하고, 모바일 기기에 맞게 휴대성이 높으며 편리하고, 다양한 곳을 이동해 가며 할 수 있는 새로운 방식의 증강현실 게임을 제시한다.

이 연구에서 우리는 사용자의 동작인식을 이용한 운동 게임 시스템을 제안한다. 이 시스템은 사용자가 몇 종류의 게임을 수행하면 그 동작을 인식하고 피드백을 화면에 제공함으로써 스스로 인식하지는 못하는 동안 자연스럽게 운동을 할 수 있도록 고안되었다. 사용자의 동작은 적외선 시간 지연 측정법을 사용하는 깊이 카메라를 이용하여 인식하였고 인식된 동작은 데이터베이스에 저장되어 있는 모범 동작과 비교를 통하여 그 정확도를 산정하였다. 우리는 이 시스템을 위해 두더지 잡기, 낚시, 스트레칭과 같은 세 종류의 게임을 개발하였다. 개별 동작과 시나리오는 물리치료 전문가들에 의해 개발되었다. 제안된 시스템을 이용하여 사용자는 실내에서도 지루하지 않게, 즐기면서 운동을 할 수 있게 되었다.