In the present work we investigated the effects of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) isolated from kimchi on prolifera-tion and apoptosis of cancer cells. The cell-free supernatant concentrate of Lactobacillus brevis OPK-3 significantly retar-ded the proliferation of human acute promyelocytic (HL60), human histiocytic (U937), and mouse lymphocytic (L1210)leukemia cell lines in vitro at concentrations over 2.25-9.0 mg/mL. The treatments of the concentrate leaded to the increasedapoptosis and decreased mitochondrial transmembrane potential in cultured U937 leukemia cell lines. In addition, the treat-ments of the concentrate showed the increased expression of p53 gene in cultured U937 and HL60 leukemia cell lines. Onthe other hand, the cell-free supernatant concentrate of control L. brevis strain (KCCM 41028) showed a relatively littleeffect on the cancer cell proliferation, apoptosis, and mitochondrial transmembrane potential at the similar concentrationranges compared with the L. brevis OPK-3 samples. These results suggest that the consumption of L. brevis OPK-3 could bebeneficial for the inhibitory action on leukemia cell proliferation and for the stimulatory action on the cancer cell apoptosis.

배추김치 제조 후 익힘 시간을 달리한 후 김치냉장고에 저 장한 김치의 이화학적 특성과 오르니틴 함량 변화를 조사하 기 위하여 익힘 및 저장 기간별 pH, 산도, 유산균 수 변화, 유산균 속 분포 및 오르니틴 함량 변화 패턴을 조사하였다. 배추김치는 조제 후 15℃에서 각 시간 별로 익힘 과정을 거 친 후 －1.4℃의 김치냉장고에 60일까지 보관하였다. 본 실험 에 사용한 시료는 익힘시간에 따라서 32 hr(S1), 36 hr(S2), 40 hr(S3), 44 hr(S4), 48 hr(S5)라 명명하였다. 김치냉장고 보관 모드로 전환하기 전 15℃에서의 저장 시간을 상대적으로 길 게 준 S5구에서 S1, S2구에 비하여 pH 감소가 좀 더 큰 것으 로 나타났으며, 보관 시간이 지남에 따라 pH가 4.3~4.4까지 낮아지는 것을 알 수 있었다. 젖산농도의 경우 15℃에서의 저 장 시간을 상대적으로 길게 준 S5구에서 젖산농도 증가가 좀 더 큰 것으로 나타났으며, 보관 시간이 지남에 따라 젖산농도 는 0.70~0.74까지 증가하는 것을 알 수 있었다. 유산균의 경우 모든 시료가 저장 초기 20일 경과까지 수가 급격히 증가하였 고, 20일 이후에는 S4, S5 시료가 S1, S2, S3 시료에 비하여 좀 더 증대되는 경향을 보였다. 유산균 속은 저장 40일 기준 으로 S5 시료에서 바이셀라 속 균이 50% 이상 검출되었다. 오르니틴 함량은 모든 시료에서 저장 40~50일차에 최대치를 보였으며, S4, S5 시료의 경우 오르니틴 함량은 100그램당 최 대 130 ㎎과 170 ㎎까지 증대되었다. 그러나 S1, S2, S3 시료 의 경우는 오르니틴 함량 증대 폭이 상대적으로 적었다. 이들 결과로부터 김치냉장고 조건에서 김치를 저장하기 전 15℃ 조 건에서 44~48시간을 발효한 후 김치냉장고에 40~50일 보관하 면 김치 100그램 중의 오르니틴 함량을 최대 130~170 ㎎까지 증대시킬 수 있을 것으로 판단되며, 그 중에서도 S5 (48 hr) 조건이 가장 우수한 것으로 조사되었다.

In this study, the runoff characteristics of the non-rainfall period were examined using daily rainfall data from 1977 to 2017 and the data of runoff into the dam. Results showed that, the mean runoff decreases with longer non-rainfall periods in the Andong dam basin. The correlation coefficient between non-rainfall days and average runoff reaches 0.85. The results of the analysis of the runoff characteristics during the non-rainfall period, based on the preceding rainfall of Andong dam are as follows. The runoff characteristics of the entire non-rainfall period, shows that, for a rainfall of 1.0 mm or less, the runoff height was larger than the rainfall size and the base runoff larger. The correlation between the antecedent rainfall and runoff height was reached as high as 0.9864 in the 30 ~ 50 mm interval of the antecedent rainfall period, and this is the interval where the linearity of rainfall and runoff was at its maximum in the Andong dam basin. The correlation between the antecedent rainfall and the runoff height reached 0.92 for rainfalls of 100.0 mm. However, for rainfalls of 100.0 mm greater, the correlation between the antecedent rainfall and runoff height during the rainfall period was 0.64, which is relatively small. In this study, we investigated the runoff characteristics of the rainfall period in the Andong dam watershed. As a result, it was confirmed that the mean runoff decreased with rainfall duration. The linearity was found to be weak for rainfall events greater than 100.0 mm. The results of this study can be used as data for water balance analysis and for formulating a water supply plan to establish water resource management of Andong dam.

The objective of this paper is compare to landuse type for calculating peak flood and soil loss in rapidly expansion urban area. This study compares two landuse maps, including numerical landuse map and aerial photograph landuse map, for calculating the ratio of urban and agriculural area, curve number, time of concentration, peak flood discharge, and soil loss. It is found that flood discharge calculated using aerial photograph landuse map are larger than that calculated using numerical landuse map, and soil loss calculated using aerial photograph landuse map are smaller than that calculated using numerical landuse map. Results also indicate that landuse chage in rapidly expansion urban area significantly influences flood discharge and soil loss.

The relationship between debris flow and topographical factors is essential for the reliable estimation of soil loss. The objective of this paper is to estimate stability index and soil loss for assessing landsliding risk caused by debris flow. SIMAP and RUSLE are used to estimate stability index and soil loss, respectively. The landsliding risk area estimated by using SIMAP is found to be different from the large land area estimated by RUSLE. It is found that the spatial distribution of soil cover significantly influences landsliding risk area. Results also indicate that stability index and soil loss, estimated by soil cover factor, improve the assessment of landsliding risk.

This study applied the Bayesian method for the quantification of the parameter uncertainty of spatial linear mixed model in the estimation of the spatial distribution of probability rainfall. In the application of Bayesian method, the prior sensitivity analysis was implemented by using the priors normally selected in the existing studies which applied the Bayesian method for the puppose of assessing the influence which the selection of the priors of model parameters had on posteriors. As a result, the posteriors of parameters were differently estimated which priors were selected, and then in the case of the prior combination, F-S-E, the sizes of uncertainty intervals were minimum and the modes, means and medians of the posteriors were similar to the estimates using the existing classical methods. From the comparitive analysis between Bayesian and plug-in spatial predictions, we could find that the uncertainty of plug-in prediction could be slightly underestimated than that of Bayesian prediction.

The water quality of reservoir can be controled by water quality prediction model because it can not only grasping the present water state but also predicting the water quality in future. In this study, WASP model is used to predict the water quality of Chungju reguration reservoir. This model has some special option which predicts the pollutant outflow phenomenon caused by the contamination sources. So this model is widely used because that can present the scientific basis in this field. This model can help the managers make the right choice of water quality policy. Environmental grade of Chungju reguration reservoir is in Ⅲ,Ⅳgrade which is in bad condition comparatively. The water contamination will be in poor as the year passes. When considering T-N, T-P which are the nutrient to control eutrophication, the concentrated administration about contamination sources is in urgent.

The object of this study is the safety insurance of the dam to provide for the extraordinary flood. The safety insurance of the reservoir was taken by the preparatory discharge using the temporary division tunnel used during the reservoir construction. In this study, the Sungju reservoir was simulated. The existing discharge facilities of the intake tower of the Sungju reservoir could nat have influence on the flood control. When the Sungju reservoir operated to begin preparatory discharge for 48 hrs by the temporary diversion tunnel that have discharge of an 20-years frequency, the water level was lowered about 20 cm. When the Sungju reservoir operated to begin the continuous discharge after the preparatory discharge, the water level was lowered over 1m but the downstream at risk was caused by the resulted. If it is possible to operate to begin the preparatory discharge of the reservoir for 24 hrs by the temporary diversion tunnel, that will improve the flood control faculty of the reservoir without other hydraulic structure and safety of the Sungju reservoir will be higher.

In this study for the development of area due to the increasing of industry, population and spreading of urbanization is rapidly increasing but about seventy percent of our nation's areas consists of the mountainous districts. In such case, when those areas have the heavy rains break, they are washed away by a fast-flowing stream of a valley and overflowed. Thus it could result on human life and property damage and also the widespread of flood damage in the downstream area. To decrease those damage, the construction of flood control reservoir is necessary. This research was aim to construct the flood runoff models of a mountainous small district and to determine the probability rainfall by analyzing precipitation. The study also examined the effects of location and size of flood control reservoir on flood reduction. The result showed that the construction of detention basin was an effective way to ensure the safety of flood control and multiple detention basin had superior result for reducing amount of runoff in the down stream area than the single detention basin.

As a research establish reservoir safety operation for small dam systems. This study presents hydrologic analysis conducted in the Duckdong and Bomun dam watershed based on various rainfall data and increase inflow. Especially the Duckdong dam without flood control feature are widely exposed to the risk of flooding, thus it is constructed emergency gate at present. In this study reservoir routing program was simulation for basin runoff estimating using HEC-HMS model, the model simulation the reservoir condition of emergency gate with and without. At the reservoir analysis results is the Duckdong dam average storage decrease 20% with emergency gate than without emergency gate. Also, the Bomun dam is not affected by the Duckdong flood control augmentation.

In this study, an optimization technique was developed from the application of Allocation Rule. Average Allocation coefficients of the Andong and Imha dam compare constant water supply condition with vary water supply condition that are above the contribute ratio 67%～50% the Andong dam in Rule(A)～Rule(C). In the Refill Season, Andong dam water supply contribution is higher than Imha dam at the Control point water supply. In the Allocation analysis results, Rule(A) is calculated storage ratio because Andong dam contribute to Control point larger than Imha dam which Andong dam storage is larger than Imha dam storage. Rule(B) calculated sum of the storage and inflow ratio for Andong dam and Imha dam, as Andong dam contribution is higher than Imha dam. Rule(C) calculated that sum of storage, inflow and water supply is divided average storage ratio, as the best results of the Allocation coefficients and water supply capacity. The results of storage analysis is larger vary water supply condition than constant water supply condition and the results of water supply analysis is larger vary water supply condition than constant water supply condition. Water supply deficit is decrease 30% for vary water supply condition.

In this study aims is water supply criteria relations for evaluating the possible performance of water resources systems. These measures describe how likely a systems is to fail(reliability), how quickly it recovers from failure(resiliency), and how severe the consequences of failure may be(vulnerability). The performance of a criteria evaluating with a variety of operating policies illustrates their use. As a result study frequency reliability and quantitative reliability is linear relations and quantitative reliability is high reliability for equality water supply policy. As reliability and vulnerability are in inverse proportion to each other. Therefore these criteria relation analysis can be for Imha dam to variety water supply policy.

In this study the results of optimal water supply analysis by operating constraints of reservoirs during drought period are as follows. During drought period, water supply reliability is possible about 97~61% by CASE 1~CASE 5. Water supply reliability is possible about 97.3% in case of the Andong dam and 87.7% in case of the Imha dam by CASE 3. Also, under the constraints of CASE 4, water supply reliability is possible about 87.5% in case of the Andong dam and 73.3% in case of the Imha dam. The reason what low of available water supply ratio is decreased inflow of Imha dam. When compare standard deviation of average storage with standard deviation of storage, stable storage can be secured during successive drought period. And it also can minimize shortage of water during drought. therefore, it is impossible that reservoir supply sufficient water but change of operating condition is better than pervious on that followed by full reservoir level. It is need that the study for optimal water supply during drought period has to be continued.

In this study analyzed the reliability indices against the water supply ability of Andong dam. The water supply analysis of Andong dam used the HEC-5 model. So Andong dam simulated planed water-supply capacity of Andong dam as increase and decrease +5%～-5% of water supply quantity. Water-supply capacity of Andong dam estimated, deficit occurrence, deficit quantity, deficit period. As the results estimated reliability(occurrence based, time based, quantity based) and resiliency vulnerability and with water supply capacity evaluation indices of Andong dam. Also reliability(occurrence based, time based, quantity based), resiliency, vulnerability and resiliency indices are estimated to evaluated the performance of water supply on Andong dam, and their relationships are evaluated.