The blueberry gall midge, Dasineura oxycoccana (Johnson), was recently invaded into Korea, which causes serious damage to blueberries. In the blueberry production regions, the gall midge affects most blueberry varieties, Vaccinium spp., such as rabbiteye and highbush blueberries, causing substantial yield loss by damaging flower and leaf buds. Last year we investigated and collected the midges in the blueberry farms from Korea and USA (New Jersey and Georgia). To confirm inter- and intra-specifc variations of D. oxycoccana, we tested COI DNA barcode using 180 collective individuals plus 37 GenBank references including other Dasineura species. As results, we found the same haplotype from 126 individuals in Korea, USA, and Canada. Most of the remaining haplotypes were closely related to the former, whereas there were 7 unique haplotypes genetically very distant from the major haplotype. Especially, the two haplotypes in Cheonan, Korea, were genetically farthest from the major, and the existence of two different species in New Jersey and Sunchang were confirmed. We would present haplotype diversity and geographic relationships of D. oxycoccana.

Rapid identification of pest species found under quarantine is an important factor in preventing an economic loss of agricultural commodities. In this study, we analyzed RNA-Seq of the larvae of C. sasakii, G. molesta and G. dimorpha, which are serious pests in several fruits in Korea and are difficult to discriminate by species in their larval stage because of lack of a morphological character. To select immunological diagnostic markers, discriminating the larvae of C. sasakii from the G. molesta and G. dimorpha, RNA-Seq was performed for the larvae of the three insects. The 454 pyrosequencing generated 3,058-4,686 contigs for each three pest species, which assembled into 2,584-3,970 isotigs with average lengths of 829-1,244 bp. Functional annotation of the sequencing results generated 774 orthologs for the three pest species, and 12 isotigs were finally registered as candidate markers for species discrimination through bioinformatical screening, literature search, and gene expression study. The selected candidates include serine proteases, serpins, 27 kDa glycoprotein and storage protein with a constitutive gene expression in their larvae, pupae and adult stage.

Six unknown hitchhiking moths intercepted at the Korean port of entry were detected from an international vessel by the personnels of the International Plant-Quarantine Accreditation Board (IPAB) in 2012. Among them, there was a noctuid moth, Noctua pronuba (Linnaeus), which is a quarantine pest in Korea. Other five species are three erebids (Lophocampa maculata Harris, Lemyrarhodo philodes (Hampson), and Trigonodes cephise (Cramer)), one sphingid (Hippotion rosetta Swinhoe), and one zygaenid (Histia flabellicornis nigrinus Jordan). They are mostly distributed in the subtropical regions. In addition to these hitchhiking moths from the vessel, other interception records from inanimate pathways are provided here on the bases of Pest Information System, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency (QIA). Thus, it is necessary to monitor inanimate pathways and to adopt comprehensive border surveillance system, in order to protect further invasions of alien insect species.

This study was conducted to estimate temperature effect on the hatching success of Asian Gypsy Moth (AGM), Lymantria dispar (Linne) in different temperature conditions (15, 20, 25, 30, and 35℃). The egg masses were collected during winter season and stored in cold room (4℃). The hatching rate was evaluated from the number of hatched caterpillar for period of 50 days. As a result, hatching rates were 89.80, 92.94, 95.51, 62.02, and 18.35% at 15, 20, 25, 30, and 35℃, respectively. The optimal temperature on the hatching success of AGM egg might be 20~25℃.

I) Surveillance for subtropical-moths through the inanimate pathway in the Korean Peninsula was investigated during the period from 2006 to the present using the light trap in Is. Baekryeong-do and Is. Daecheong-do. A total of 438 species belonging to 27 families of Lepidoptera were identified. Among them, two species of subtropical -moths, including Ischyja manlia Cramer and Spirama sp. belong to the family Noctuidae were occurred at Is. Daecheong-do in the west coast. II) We are conducting an investigation into subtropical-moths detected from a vessel arrived in Yeosu sea port from this year. Among them, one species was identified into Histia flabellicornis Fabricius belong to the family Zygaenidae. These moths are mainly distributed in the subtropical area from the southern part of China to Indonesia. It is very likely that subtropical-moths have invaded in the Korean Peninsula through the inanimate pathway such as typhoons and/or vessels. To resolve this question, further researches should be done to determine the pathway by which these subtropical-moths occurred in Korea.

Brentidae, a family of primitive weevils, is associated with dead woods mainly in the tropical rain forests and includes approximately 1,750 species worldwide. The genus Cyphagogus has been known more than 60 species from Madagascar to Samoa and Fiji islands and from Japan to Australia and Tasmania. Twelve species were previously recognized from Asia and Oriental region, among them three species from Japan, two from China. One male of the genus Cyphagogus was collected during faunal studies of wood-boring insects in the Gwangneung forest of South Korea in 2011. The species was identified as C. iwatensis Morimoto, which was described on two female specimens in 1976. This is the first discovery of the male of C. iwatensis as well as the first record of the genus and species in the country. Diagnosis and photographs of the detailed diagnostic characters including line drawing of male genitalia are provided in the present study, with a key to the East Asian species of bipunctatus-group.

 ,  , The family Brachyceridae is reported for the first time in Korea and is represented by Desmodophorus hebes(Fabricius, 1781). A revised description, morphological photographs of adults, illustrations of genitalia, a key to the families of Korean Curculionoidea, and a key to the East Asian species of Desmidophorus are provided.

The Korean record of Scolytoplatypus mikado Blandford 1893 is originated from Murayama (1929) whereas Wood(1989) synonimyzed S. sinensis Tsai & Huang 1965 as a junior synonym of S. mikado Blandford 1893. In 2010, the authors collected several specimens from Korea and Japan and found considerable morphological differences between S. sinensis and S. mikad the process on the prosternum, the pubescences on the procoxae, and the shape of the male elytral declivity. Comparing the Cytochrome Oxidase I and 16S rRNA gene, we also found the genetical gap between the South Korean specimens (= S. sinensis, with the Japanese sample from Mt. Tsukubasan) and the sample from Mt. Yamizosan, Japan (= S. mikado). Accordingly, S. sinensis Tsai & Huang 1965 is here reinstated.

Lycorma delicatula (White 1845), which has been recently introduced into Korea, is a notorious pest on grapes. This invasive insect has rapidly spread throughout central and southern Korea. To date, we have no behavioral or population genetics information, such as invasion routes and subsequent dispersal rates in Korea, to help understand and control populations of L. delicatula. Here, we have developed 15 novel microsatellite loci for L. delicatula. The isolated loci were polymorphic, with 2 to 19 alleles in 42 individuals from a single population in Cheonan. The analyses revealed that all 42 individuals had different multilocus genotypes with heterozygosity ranging from 0.214 to 0.866. Eleven of the 15 loci did not deviate significantly from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. The isolated markers will facilitate population genetic studies of L. delicatula.

Although DNA barcode coverage has grown rapidly for many insect orders, there are some groups, such as scale insects, where sequence recovery has been difficult. However, using a recently developed primer set, we recovered barcode records from 373 specimens, providing coverage for 75 species from 31 genera in two families. Overall success was >90% for mealybugs and >80% for armored scale species. The G·C content was very low in most species, averaging just 16.3%. Sequence divergences (K2P) between congeneric species averaged 10.7%, while intraspecific divergences averaged 0.97%. However, the latter value was inflated by high intra-specific divergence in nine taxa, cases that may indicate species overlooked by current taxonomic treatments. Our study establishes the feasibility of developing a comprehensive barcode library for scale insects and indicates that its construction will both create an effective system for identifying scale insects and reveal taxonomic situations worthy of deeper analysis.

Because mealybugs are one of the most economically damaging groups of insects on food crops and ornamental plants, some are regulated-species in quarantine with the foreign trade of agricultural products. However, the absence of morphological characteristics enabling the discrimination of early life stages often causes a significant delay or the rejection of a shipment when fruit is discovered containing them, causing much economic loss. A PCR-based method for species identification was developed for six mealybug species known from Korean pears including two regulated insects, Planococcus kraunhiae (Kuwana) and Crisicoccus matsumotoi (Siraiwa). Six sets of species-specific primers were designed based on the sequence comparison of the internal transcribed spacer 1 and 2 regions. Efficiency tests against many mealybug samples showed that this method could effectively discriminate different mealybug species regardless of their developmental stages. Blind tests against 11 field collected mealybug nymph samples indicated that a single PCR is enough to discriminate unidentified mealybugs collected on Korean pears. This new method will be useful in quarantine as well as pest monitoring by providing an easy, accurate way of identifying any life stage of these mealybugs.

Up to now, 39 species of the family Anthribidae have been recorded from Korea. As a result of this study, we add two genus and four species of the family Anthribidae to the Korean fauna with brief descriptions and illustrations of diagnostic characters. The newly recorded genus Citacalus in the subfamily Choraginae, is very similar to the genus Choragus. Citacalus pygidialis Johraku has an unique character, pygidium strongly convex longitudinally sharply carinate on the apical half in male; in female, pygidium triangularly projecting laterally near the apex. The newly recorded species Euparius modicus yaeyamanus Morimoto in the genus Euparius of the subfamily Anthribinae, can be distinguished from the other two recorded species by the elytra with almost unicolor pubescence color except a pair of black spots behind middle. The newly recorded genus Unciferina is close to Uncifer Jordan, but easily distinguished from the latter by sharply angulate rostrum to head, transversely carinate base of rostrum on the underside, and the acute hind angles of pronotum. The two new species in the genus Unciferina are easily distinguished from the congeneric species with pubescence patches on pronotum and elytra, shape of eye, the ratio of the antennal segments and the shape of the hind angles of pronotum.

In total, 7 species of two genera under the tribe Trachodini Gistel are recognized from Korea. Among them, four species, Trachodes ovipennis Morimoto et Miyakawa, Acicnemis azumai Morimoto et Miyakawa, A. palliata Pascoe, and A. shibatai Voss are reported for the first time from Korea. A key to the tribe Trachodini, brief descriptions and illustrations of the adults are provided.

한국산 바구미과의 좁쌀바구미아과에 속하는 Coeliodina아족, Ceutorhynchina아족, Hypurina아족, Mecysmoderina아족 및 Orobitini족을 정리한 결과 20종이 밝혀졌으며, 그 중 세모발좁쌀바구미(신칭), Cyphosenus moholeei sp. novo와 뾰족가슴좁쌀바구미 (신칭), Mecysmoderes nigrinus sp. novo 2종을 신종으로, 갈색좁쌀바구미 (신칭), Coeliodes brunneus Hustache; 띠갈색좁쌀바구미 (신칭), Coeliodes nakanoensis H Hustache; 혹좁쌀바구미 (신칭), Phytobiomorphus bifasciatus Voss; 가슴골좁쌀바구미 (신칭), Cardipennis s sulcithorax Hustache; 초록좁쌀바구미 (신칭), Ceutorhynchus diffusus (Hustache); 콘초록좁쌀바구미 (신칭), C Ceutorhynchus sulcicollis (Paykull), 쇠비름좁쌀바구미 (신칭), Hypurus bertrandi (Perris); 알좁쌀바구미 (신칭), O Orobitis apicalis Kono 8種을 韓國未記錄種으로 보고하며, 이들에 대한 성충, 생식기의 그림을 제공하였다.

한국산 바구미과에 속하는 좁쌀바구미아과의 연구사를 정리하고, Rhinoncina아족, Scleropterina아족 및 Amalina아족을 정리한 결과 16종이 밝혀졌으며, 그 중 육절애좁쌀바구미(신칭), Phytobius quadricornis(Gyllenhal); 둥근어깨좁쌀바구미(신칭), Rutidosoma weisei Faust; 나무딸기좁쌀바구미(신칭), Scleropteroides hypocrita(Hustache); 날개가시좁쌀바구미(신칭), Zacladus radula Hochhuth; 홀수볼록좁쌀바구미(신칭), Wagnerinus costatus(Hustache); 큰좁쌀바구미(신칭), Tapinotus sellatus(Fabricius)6종을 한국미기록종으로 보고하며, 이들에 대한 성충, 생식기의 그림을 제공하였다.