The biological activities of the various solvent extracts of mycelial Schizophyllum commune were investigated. The electron donating ability of mycelial S. commune was showcel 39%, 21%, 35% and 43% in Hot-water extract, water extract, ethanol extract and methanol extract at a 1,000 ㎍/㎖ concentration, respectively. As the results of SOD (superoxide dismutase)-like ability of Hot-water extract, water extract, ethanol extract and methanol extract of mycelial S. commune were showed 39%, 21%, 35% and 43% at a 1,000 ㎍/㎖ concentration, respectively. Measurement of ABTS radical cation scavenging activity of all extracts was showed more than 80% scavenging activity at a 1,000 ㎍/㎖ concentration. The tyrosinase inhibition effects related to skin-whitening by mycelial S. commune in Hot-water and water extract at 1,000 ㎍/㎖ were showed closely 5% activity and ethanol and methanol extracts were showed about 10% at 1000 ㎍/㎖ concentration. Antimicrobial activity of Propionibacterium acnes and Malassezia furfur were ineffective in mycelial S. commune extracts. These results showed that the mycelial S. commune has potential for the development of antioxidative, whitening effests and as a natural and functional additives.

This study was performed to analysis of chemical constituent in Polygonum multiflorum root (PMR) by different dry methods (hot-air dry, shade dry, and freeze dry). The results are summarized as followings; major free sugar were detected fructose, glucose, and sucrose in dried PMR based on various dry methods. The highest content of free sugars was found in freeze dried PMR. The four organic acids were detected in dried PMR by HPLC analysis. The content of oxalic acid in shade dried PMR was higher than the dried PMR by different dry methods. The content of total amino acid and essential amino acids were high in the orders of freeze drying > shade drying > hot-air drying. The potassium and magnesium levels of freeze dried PMR was significantly higher than the other drying method of PMR. Whereas the calcium and sodium levels were higher in hot-air dried PMR. The major fatty acids were determined the linoleic acid in PMR by different dry methods.

In this study, we investigated the variation in free sugars, organic acids, antioxidant activity and anti-inflammatory effect of Solanum nigrum Linne fruits according to harvest time. Four kinds of free sugars (fructose, glucose, sucrose, maltose) were detected in S. nigrum fruit, and the free sugar contents varied significantly with harvest time. Organic acid content of S. nigrum fruit showed the highest in malic acid and acetic acid, and the highest content of total organic acids was found in S. nigrum fruit harvested on October 18th and October 25th. For the total polyphenol content, S. nigrum fruit harvested on October 18th was the highest. The strongest DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activity was showed in S. nigrum fruit harvested on October 11th and October 18th. The anti-inflammatory activity and antioxidant effects were the highest in the ethanol extract from S. nigrum fruit collected on October 18th and October 11th. Thus, it seems the best to harvest of S. nigrum fruit harvested on October 11th and October 18th.

In this study, we investigated the variation in free sugars, amino acids, antioxidant activity, and anti-inflammatory activity of Solanum nigrum Linne based on harvest time. Major amino acids identified by HPLC analysis were proline, histidine, and serine. The highest content of total amino acids were found in S. nigrum aerial parts and roots harvested on July 10th and August 10th. Four kinds of free sugars (fructose, glucose, sucrose, maltose) were detected in S. nigrum, and the free sugar content varied significantly with harvest time. The fructose content of S. nigrum decreased with as harvest time increased. The total polyphenol content of S. nigrum was highest in those harvested on August 30th. The antioxidant activity of ethanol extract from S. nigrum collected at different harvest times were measured by DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging assays. The anti-inflammatory activity of these extracts were assayed via nitric oxide suppression in C6 glioma cells with a lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammatory response. The anti-inflammatory activity and antioxidant effects were the highest in the extract from S. nigrum collected on August 30th. Good correlations were observed between antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities in ethanol extract of S. nigrum roots harvested on August 30th.