지진하중에 대한 구조물의 동적 거동과 내진성능을 평가하기 위하여 유사동적실험기법이 흔히 사용되고 있으나, 실험장비의 제약과 구조물의 규모 등으로 대부분 축소모형실험에 의존하고 있다. 그러나 일반적인 상사법칙은 탄성범위에서 유도된 것으로 지진거동과 같은 비탄성 거동을 예측하는 경우에는 한계가 있기 때문에 축소모형의 실험결과를 원형 구조물에 직접 적용하는 것은 많은 주의가 필요하다. 본 연구에서는 원형구조물과 축소모형에 대한 철골모형을 실험 대상으로 하여 실제 축소모형 실험결과로부터 원형구조물의 거동을 예측하는 경우의 문제점을 확인하고, 그 해결방법을 모색하고자 한다. 실제로 축소모형실험에서는 원형구조물의 경계조건을 정확히 재현하기 어려우며, 축소모형의 제작과정과 실험과정에서의 모든 오차가 강성의 변화로 반영되어 나타난다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 기하학적 상사율과 축소모형의 변화된 강성비를 함께 고려한 수정된 상사법칙을 제안하였으며, 수정된 상사법칙이 적용된 축소모형에 대하여 유사동적실험을 수행하여 지진응답결과를 원형구조물의 결과와 비교하였다. 축소모형에 대한 유사동적실험결과로부터 제안된 상사법칙을 적용함으로써 원형구조물의 지진응답 재현이 효과적임을 입증하였다.

Dendropanax morbifera Leveille (Araliaceae) is an endemic species growing in the south-western part of South Korea that has been used in folk medicine and health functional food. In this study, we investigated an extract of quercetin in Jeju D. morbifera by varying different parts (fruit, sprouts, leaves, sprigs, and branches), harvest times, and extraction solvents. In addition, we aimed to establish a simple and reliable HPLC/UV analytical method to determination of quercetin for the quality control and base line data of the Jeju D. morbifera extract as a health functional food ingredient. The analytical specificity was determined with retention time and photo diode array (PDA) spectrum by analyzing quercetin using HPLC and comparing the results to those of extracts. This analytical method for quercetin was validated for its limit of detection (LOD), limit of quantitation (LOQ), precision, and accuracy. A high linearity in the standard calibration curve was obtained, with a coefficient of determination (R2) of 0.9996. Also, the LOD and LOQ values were found to be 0.28 μg/mL and 0.85 μg/mL, respectively, and the recoveries of quantified compounds ranged from 97.91% to 104.10%. Furthermore, the relative standard deviation (RSD) values of data from the intra- and inter-day precision analyses were less than 1.36% and 3.65%, respectively. As a result, the highest quercetin content among the extracts of Jeju D. morbifera leaves was found to be 20.14 mg/g, which was extracted at harvest in May (cultivation period 10 years) with 60% EtOH. All in all, we believe that the results obtained would be helpful in the development of nutraceutics and natural medicines and for the quality control of D. morbifera.

사과는 에틸렌에 의해 호흡량이 일시적으로 상승하는 호흡급등형 과실이다. 에틸렌 발생은 세포벽분해효소 활성화와 세포벽 연화를 진행시켜 사과의 상품성과 저장성을 떨어뜨리는 원인이 된다. 사과의 에틸렌 생합성 과정에는 Md-ACS1 및 Md-ACO1 유전자가 연관되어 있으며, 두 유전자는 과실의 에틸렌 발생량과 경도에 영향을 미치는 것으로 알려져 있다. 본 연구는 사과 국내육성 28품종의 Md-ACS1 및 Md-ACO1 대립유전자형을 분석하고, ‘Fuji(FJ)', ‘RubyS (RS)', ‘Hongro(HR)', ‘Arisoo(AS)', ‘Summer King(SK)', ‘Greenball(GB)', ‘Golden Supreme(GS)'을 대상으로 수확 후 25일까지의 에틸렌 발생량 및 상온저장(20℃) 20일 동안의 경도 연화율을 조사하였다. 그 결과, 낮은 에틸렌 발생량과 관련 된 대립유전자(favorable alleles0(FA)) ACS1-2, ACO1-1이 많을수록 에틸렌 발생량과 경도 연화율이 낮은 경향을 보였다. GS은 ACS1-1/1, ACO1-1/2(FA 1)으로 모든 품종 중 가장 높은 에틸렌 발생 수치와 경도 연화율를 보였다. SK와 GB은 ACS1-1/2, ACO1-1/2(FA 2)으로 ACS1-2/2, ACO1-1/2(FA 3)인 HR와 AS 보다는 높고 GS 보다 낮은 에틸렌 발생량과 경도 연화율을 보였다. ACS1-2/2, ACO1-1/1(FA 4)인 FJ는 RS를 제외한 모든 품종 중에 에틸렌 발생량과 경도 연화율이 가장 낮았다. 본 실험의 결과 Md-ACS1 및 Md-ACO1 대립유전자형과 사과의 에틸렌 발생량 및 경도 연화율은 상관성이 있는 것으로 확인되었다. 따라서, Md-ACS1 및 Md-ACO1 분자표지를 사과 국내육성 품종의 저장성 예측과 육종 효율 향상을 위한 Markerassisted selection에 활용할 수 있을 것으로 생각 된다.

Background : Heat stress induced from high temperature are known to crucially affecting on physiological properties and yield in Cnidium officinale. Methods and Results : The effect of foliar application of mixture including a urea, ascorbic acid and calcium chloride on high temperature injury of Cnidium officinale. Photosynthesis and leaf temperature in Cnidium officinale were investigated after cultivating for 24 hours at 35℃. Net photosyntheis rate, transpiration was measured at 1,000 μmol m-2 s-1 of photon flux density and leaf temperature was analyzed by thermal image. Net photosyntheis rate, stomatal conductance and transpiration rate in mixture traetment were 2 times of higher than in control. Water use efficience was not different significantly. Leaf temperature was lower in mixture treatment (25.3℃) than in control (29.0℃). Conclusion : This result show that foliar application of urea, ascorbic acid and calcium chloride was reducing a high temperature injury through a improving photosynthetical capacity and decreasing leaf temperature of Cnidium officinale.

Background : Management of air temperature are known to primarily affecting on physiological properties and yield in plant. Methods and Results : The effect of air temperature on characteristics of photosynthesis and chlorophyll fluorescence in Cnidium officinal were investigated using growth chamber after cultivating for 24 hours under controlled condition. Net photosyntheis rate, transpiration was measured at 1,000 μmol m-2 s-1 of photon flux density and chlorophyll fluorescence was analyzed by OJIP method. Net photosyntheis rate was highest in treatment of 25℃. Although transpiration rate was lowest, water use efficience was also in treatment of 25℃. Stomatal conductance was mainly influenced from ambient climatric factors such as vapor pressure deficit. As results of chlorophyll fluorescence by OJIP analysis, maximum quantum yield (Fv/Fm) of photosystem II (PSII), PIabs and the relative activities per reaction center such as ABS/RC, DIo/RC were not changed at air temperature. Therefore, elevated air temperatue during short term influence the dark reaction in photosystem through controlling a water use efficience and transpiration. Conclusion : This result show that 25℃ of air temperature may be a adequate temperature to improving the efficiency of photosynthesis in Cnidium officinale.

On June 14, 2008 (the first experiment) and July 24, 2008 (the second experiment), the shores of the Boseong River and the sandy beaches, Seokgok-myun, Moksadong-myun, Gokseong-gun in Jeollanam Province were investigated and a total of 29 soft-shelled turtle (Tryonyx sinensis) eggs in the natural spawning nest eggs were collected (13 eggs were collected in the first experiment and 16 eggs in the second experiment). The temperatures in the natural spawning nests were 25.9- 36.9±0.5℃, the depth of the eggs was 5.2-7.5±0.5 cm as the distance of the average 6.4±0.5 cm. 29 eggs were scattered at least 0.2 cm interval. Artificial incubation of 29 eggs was conducted in artificial nest boxes in thermo-plastic composition of the incubator, and then incubated at 26.5-35.5±0.5℃, and an average constant temperature was 31.2-32.1±1.0℃. The incubation days ranged from 53 to 55. In case of most turtles, incubation at 31℃ (higher temperatures) generally produces all or mostly females, while incubation at 25℃(cooler temperatures) produces all or mostly males. Exceptionally, in case of genus Trionyx, the sex ratio of female : male of T. sinensis of a freshwater soft-shelled turtle was approximately 1:1, which differs from other genera of turtles and makes T. sinensis Strauch only turtles presently known to lack temperature-dependent sex determination.

Reynoutria japonica and R. sachalinensis have been used as medicinal resources in Korea. However, it is difficult to identify and determine these medicinal herbs correctly because they are usually customized and purchased as the fragmented rhizomes types. To develop molecular markers for distinguishing two species, we analyzed and compared the chloroplast DNA sequences of seven loci (atpB, matK, ccD-psaI, atpF-H, trnL-trnF, psbK-I and rpl32-trnL). Among them, we found two effective SNPs in psbK-I region for R. japonica and atpF-H region for R. sachalinensis. Based on these SNP sites, we designed the new R. japonica- specific primer which is able to amplify 300 bp fragment in psbK-I region. A similar strategy was applied for the atpF-H region of R. sachalinensis. These molecular markers would be successfully applied to recognize R. japonica and R. sachalinensis.

We estimated the orbit of the Communication, Ocean and Meteorological Satellite (COMS), a Geostationary Earth Orbit (GEO) satellite, through data from actual optical observations using telescopes at the Sobaeksan Optical Astronomy Observatory (SOAO) of the Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute (KASI), Optical Wide field Patrol (OWL) at KASI, and the Chungbuk National University Observatory (CNUO) from August 1, 2014, to January 13, 2015. The astrometric data of the satellite were extracted from the World Coordinate System (WCS) in the obtained images, and geometrically distorted errors were corrected. To handle the optically observed data, corrections were made for the observation time, light-travel time delay, shutter speed delay, and aberration. For final product, the sequential filter within the Orbit Determination Tool Kit (ODTK) was used for orbit estimation based on the results of optical observation. In addition, a comparative analysis was conducted between the precise orbit from the ephemeris of the COMS maintained by the satellite operator and the results of orbit estimation using optical observation. The orbits estimated in simulation agree with those estimated with actual optical observation data. The error in the results using optical observation data decreased with increasing number of observatories. Our results are useful for optimizing observation data for orbit estimation.

A 67-year-old man visited our hospital with anorexia and abdominal discomfort after taking herb for 3 months. Abdominal computed tomograpy showed splenomegaly. Blood test showed elevation of serum alanine aminotransferase level, thrombocytopenia, and there was no viral or autoimmune hepatitis. Liver biopsy showed comprehensive fibrotic changes and necrosis on iver parenchyma. He recovered within 1 week after stopping the herb. There was no disease recurrence for 1 year. No case of toxic hepatitis by taking Fritillaria thunbergii Miquel has been reported. Thus, this case proved for the first time that Fritillaria thunbergii Miquel could cause drug induced liver injury.

MFG-E8 (Milk fat globule-epidermal growth factor VIII), also called lactadherin or BA46, SED1 is a glycoprotein found in milk and mammary epithelial cells, it is a major protein component associated with milk fat globule membrane. Previously, our study showed that expression of MFG-E8 is gradually increased with hepatic differentiation of human embryonic stem cells (hESCs). Therefore, we hypothesized that MFG-E8 would be an early cancer stem cell marker, which may predict cancer progression. Our results showed that MFG-E8 was expressed in various human cancer cell lines such as HepG2, Hep3B, and Huh7. Production and secretion of the MFG-E8 were also confirmed in the conditioned media of those three cell lines using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Next, we analyzed the MFG-E8 expression in 11 clinical cases of cholangiocellular carcinoma (CC) and 33 cases of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) by immunohistochemistry and examined the potential correlation with β-catenin and AFP, which are known cancer markers. According to hitological criteria, the progression of HCC and CC was evaluated and classified into high, low, metastatic, and well-, moderate-, poor-differentiated, respectively. Statistical analysis indicated that incidence of both HCC and CC is significantly associated with male compared to female (P<0.05). Tumor size also has positive correlation with age (r2=08948). Our immunohistochemistry data showed that MFG-E8 was expressed both HCC and CC tissue. Interestingly, the MFG-E8 expression was significantly increased with cancer progression (P<0.05) in both cases. Additionally, b-cateninexpression was increased and its localization was changed from membrane to cytoplasm and nucleus with the degree of HCC. Likely b-catenin, AFP was also increased with the degree of HCC but it was not correlated with severalty of CC. Importantly, both AFP and b-catenin were highly co-localized with MFG-E8 in HCC. These results suggest that MFG-E8 may have important physiological roles and its expression in HCC and CC would be considered as an important prognostic factor.

Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) is one of the most important forage crops in the world and it’s has been known as the best feed materials for dairy cows and other high valued animals. The new uses of alfalfa are being explored as bio-energy, food, medical and biochemical uses. R2R3-type MYB transcription factors play important roles in transcriptional regulation of anthocyanin biosynthesis. The R2R3-type IbMYB1 is known to be a key regulator of anthocyanin biosynthesis in the storage roots of sweetpotato. We previously showed that the expression of IbMYB1a led to anthocyanin pigmentation in tobacco and Arabidopsis. In this study, we generated transgenic alfalfa plants expressing the IbMYB1a gene under the control of CaMV 35S promoter. Overexpression of IbMYBa in transgenic alfalfa produced strong anthocyanin pigmentation in seedlings and generated a deep purple color in leaves, stems, roots, and even in seeds. High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis revealed that IbMYB1a expression led to the production of cyanidin as a major core molecule of anthocyanidins in alfalfa, as occurs in the purple leaves of sweetpotato (cv.Sinzami). We also examined expression of several structural genes in the anthocyanin biosynthetic pathway in alfalfa by RT-PCR analysis. In this presentation, we will further present molecular and biochemical characterization in IbMYB1a-overexpression lines. This result shows that the IbMYB1a transcription factor is sufficient to induce anthocyanin accumulation in the forage legume alfalfa plants.