Radioactive materials from nuclear power facilities can be released into the atmosphere through various channels. Recently, the dispersion of radioactive materials has become critical issue in Korea after Kori Unit 1 and Wolsong Unit 1 were permanently shut down. In this study, annual atmospheric dispersion factors were compared based on the continuous release and purge release using the XOQDOQ computer program, a method for calculating atmospheric dispersion factors at commercial nuclear power stations. The meteorological data analyzed in this study was based on the Shin Kori nuclear power meteorological tower which has the largest operating nuclear power plants in Korea, for three years (from 2008 to 2010). The analysis results of the dispersion factor of the radioactive material release obtained using the XOQDOQ program showed that the difference between the continuous release and purge release was within two times. This study will be valuable helpful for revealing the uncertainty of the predictive atmospheric dispersion factor to achieve regulation.

Abstract In this study, the antioxidant activity of water and ethanol extracts from Hibiscus esculentus, Cirsium japonicum, Zizania latifolia and Kalopanax pictus for functional food source were examined. The optimal conditions for phenolic compounds extraction from medicinal plants were at 50% ethanol with Hibiscus esculentus and Cirsium japonicum var. ussuriense, at 40% ethanol with Kalopanax pictus and at 60% ethanol with Zizania latifolia. The total phenolic contents from the extracts of medical plants were determined to be 2.72~34.15 mg/g in the water extracts and 2.83~34.23 mg/g in the ethanol extracts. The electron-donating abilities (EDA) of the water and ethanol extracts were both above 74% at the low concentration of 50 μg/mL. The ABTS radical-cation decolorization was above 88% at 100 μg/mL concentration in all the extracts of various medicinal plants. The antioxidant protection factor (PF) in the water and ethanol extracts of the Cirsium japonicum var. ussuriense extracts was 1.73 ± 0.02 PF and 1.76 ± 0.01 PF at 50 μg/mL concentration respectively, and was higher than those of the other medicinal-plant extracts. The TBARs inhibition rates of all the medicinal-plant extracts, were above 80% at the 50 μg/mL concentration except Hibiscus esculentus. These results confirmed that the various oriental medicinal plants (Hibiscus esculentus, Cirsium japonicum var. ussuriense, Kalopanax pictus and Zizania latifolia) that were included in this study are useful anti-oxidant and functional-food resources.

In this study, beauty food activities were determined for extracts of Saurus chinensis as functional beauty food. Tyrosinase inhibitory effect was increased as more 4 folds by ultra-fine grind technology than normal grind technology in ethanol extracts from Saurus chinensis. A ultra-fine ground technology was used to increase the extraction yield for bioactive compounds from medicinal plants. Tyrosinase inhibitory activity, which is related to skin-whitening, was confirmed to be 100% for ethanol extracts at 1,000 ppm of phenolics. Anti-wrinkle activity was determined showing 30% of inhibition effect at above 1,000 ppm phenolic concentration. The elastase inhibitory activity of water and ethanol extracts from ultra-fine ground Saurus chinensis showed higher inhibition activity than compared to extracts from normal ground Saurus chinensis. Astringent activity in ethanol extracts was determined showing over 70% at 250 ppm of phenolics. Based on these results, Saurus chinensis extracts can be used as a functional beauty food and cosmetic with whitening, anti-wrinkle and pore contraction effects.

참취로부터 phenolic compounds를 추출 후 항산화 효과, 건강 기능성 식품 및 미용식품 활성을 검정하여 기능성 소재로 활용 가능성을 살펴보았다. 참취에 함유되어 있는 페놀성 물질은 물과 60% ethanol을 용매로 하여 추출하였을 때 각각 11.1 mg/g, 4.18 mg/g 함량을 나타내었다. 추출물의 phenolic 농도를 50~200 μg/mL로 조절하여 DPPH를 측정한 결과, 물 추출물과 ethanol 추출물 50 μg/mL phenolics 농도 에서 각각 87%, 91%였고, ABTS radical decolorization도 50 μg/mL phenolics 농도에서 각각 99%, 99%였다. Antioxidant protection factor는 200 μg/mL phenolics 농도에 서 물 추출물과 ethanol 추출물에서 각각 1.87 PF와 2.22 PF로 측정되었으며, TBARs값은 50 μg/mL phenolics농도에 서 물 추출물이 95%, ethanol 추출물에서 97%를 나타내었 다. Angiotensin converting enzyme(ACE) 저해능은 물 추출 물에서 50.8%, ethanol 추출물에서 69.4%의 저해율을 나타 내었으며, xanthine oxidase 저해능은 물 추출물은 50 μg/mL phenolics농도에서 91%, ethanol 추출물은 200 μg/mL phenolics농도에서 80%의 높은 효능을 보였다. α-Amylase 저해능은 물 추출물과 ethanol 추출물에서 각각 24%, 89% 로 ethanol 추출물에서 높은 효능을 보였다. Tyrosinase 저해 능을 측정한 결과 물 추출물과 ethanol 추출물에서 각각 47%, 25%의 미백 효과를 나타내었다. Elastase 저해능 측정 결과 물 추출물과 ethanol 추출물에서 각각 46%, 14%로 물 추출물에서 주름 개선 효과가 상대적으로 높게 나타내었 다. 이러한 결과로 보아 참취 추출물은 항산화 고혈압억제, 통풍억제, 당분해억제, 미백효과, 주름개선효과 등의 건강 기능성 식품 및 미용식품 활성 소재로서 활용 가능성이 큰 것으로 판단되었다.

In this study, the antioxidative activity and functional food activities of water and ethanol extracts from Pinus densiflora root were examined. It was more effective to use ethanol than water when extracting phenolic compounds. The extracted phenolic compounds from Pinus densiflora root for biological activities were examined. The phenolic compounds extracted with water and 80% EtOH were 1.86±0.04 mg/g and 6.85±0.16 mg/g, respectively. DPPH free radical scavenging activity of water and EtOH were each 86% and 85% at 100 μg/mL phenolics, respectively. ABTS radical decolorization activity was 48% in water and 68% in EtOH at 200 μg/mL. Antioxidant Protection Factor (PF) were 1.74 PF in water and 1.96 PF in EtOH at 50 μg/mL. TBARs of water and EtOH were 93% and 98%, respectively at 100 μg/mL. The inhibition activity on xanthine oxidase was 83.7% in water extracts and 79.6% in ethanol extracts. Inhibition on xanthine oxidase of water and ethanol extracts showed a higher inhibition effect than allopurinol. The inhibition activity on α-glucosidase was 14.8% in water extracts and 91.6% in ethanol extracts. The result suggests that P. densiflora root extracts may be useful as as functional food material.