This is a study on the structural changes of the tumulus and causes setting up a Sabangseok at the front of the tumulus at the royal tomb in the JoSeon dynasty, during the 17th~18th centuries. The Sabangseok was first used in the tumulus of Mongnueng(穆陵) in 1630. It is a multipurpose stone for boundary, foundation of the tumulus and blocking the sliding down of the tumulus. It was set up, when constructing a Yeongneung(寧陵) in 1673. But the vast spill of tumulus soil made it improve structure of the Sabangseok. Consequently, when the Yeongneung was re-constructed, the structure of the tumulus was fundamentally improved. The soil layer on the lime of the subterranean chamber became eliminated. Also the lime of the tumulus and the lime of the subterranean chamber became a united structure. The Sabangseok was still used until 1757 on account of precedents, although it would become unnecessary after structural improvement of the tumulus in 1673. In 1757, Yeongjo(The 21th monarch of the Joseon Dynasty) commanded repeal on the use of the Sabangseok, when constructing the Hongneung(tomb of Queen Jeongseong) . The decision and discussions about abolition on the use of the Sabangseok was recorded in Gukjosangryebopyeon.

In the early of Joseon Dynasty, Royal Tomb developed from stone chamber tomb to lime chamber tomb through precedents. The lime chamber tomb consists of main-chamber(JeongGwang) and sub-chamber(ToeGwang). This separation makes character to construct tumulus of the Royal Tomb half and half. By this character, the Royal Tomb are not constructed by separate structure but constructed by coadjustment. The underground structure and tumulus of the Royal Tomb affect each other in the size and method of construction. The selecting type of Royal Tomb is generally made decision through terrain and politics. This study prove the architectural structure is also one of the major cause the that select type of Royal Tomb.

On behalf of the royal women, SangGung(尙宮:The head of female servants in the palace) and NaIns(內人: Female servants caring for royal families in the palace) were dispatched in order to attend a funeral at the royal tomb. The NaInGaGa(內人假家) is the temporary building for SangGung and NaIns in the royal tomb. It is comprised of lodgings for them and also workrooms and warehouses to prepare ritual offering for the dead King or Queen. In the early Joseon dynasty, the NaInGaGa was utilized until a funeral at the royal tomb. Since 1674, NaInGaGa for the 3 years-period lamentation was started constructing separately. At these processes, the plan and placement of NaInGaGa was changed. This study based on the SanReungDoGam-EuiGwae (山陵都監-儀軌: The report on constructing royal tomb). The SanReungDoGam-EuiGwae written since 1800 have illustration about NaInGaGa. The illustration and explanation about NaInGaGa become a important clue that make suppose detailed space of NaInGaGa

In this study, we established the pre-treatment conditions that could increase the γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) content during barley germination. In the process, three different barley samples were prepared, which differed in the pre-treatedment processes. The specimens were stored at 50 for 1 h after being kept in water at room temperature for 4 h (HKW sample), kept in sufficient water for 4 h (KW sample), or left untreated (CO sample). After the pre-treatment, the barely samples were germinated for 35 h. A sample was taken from each batch in 5-h intervals, extracted with water, and physicochemical characteristics and radical scavenging activity were measured. As a result, we found that the contents of phenolic compounds (18.02-30.63 mg/100 g) and flavonoids (1.87-4.63 mg/100 g) were higher in HKW, showing similar trends. Also the GABA contents in the HKW and KW samples were higher than that in the CO sample. Furthermore, the radical scavenging activities of DPPH and ABTS were the highest in the HKW sample, having values in the ranges of 58.49-77.40% and 54.57-88.10%, respectively. All in all, we found that in order to increase the antioxidative activity and GABA content of the barley samples, it would be suitable to pre-treatment the specimens after the post-immersion heat treatment. In addition, pre-treating the KW samples is appropriate only after immersion time. Lastly, the optimum germination time of the batches was found to be 20-25 h.