Inflammation is a protective mechanism against pathogens, but if maintained continuously, it destroys tissue structures. Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans is a gram-negative, facultative anaerobic bacterium often found in severe periodontitis. A. actinomycetemcomitans invades epithelial cells and triggers inflammatory response in the immune cells. In this study, we investigated the effect of water-soluble rosehip extract on A. actinomycetemcomitansinduced inflammatory responses. A human monocytic cell line (THP-1) was differentiated to macrophages by phorbol 12-mystristate 13-acetate treatment. The cytotoxic effect of extract was determined using the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2- yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay. The effects of extract on bacterial growth were examined by measuring the optical densities using a spectrophotometer. THP-1-derived macrophages were infected A. actinomycetemcomitans after extract treatment, and culture supernatants were analyzed for cytokine production using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Protein expression was measured by western blotting. Extract was not toxic to THP-1- derived macrophages. A. actinomycetemcomitans growth was inhibited by 1% extract. The extract suppressed A. actinomycetemcomitans-induced tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin (IL)-1β, and IL-8 production. It also decreased mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAP kinase) and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) phosphorylation. Moreover, the extract inhibited the expression of inflammasome components, including nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor pyrin domain-containing protein 3, Absent in Melanoma 2, and apoptosis associated speck-like protein containing a CARD. And cysteine-aspartic proteases-1 and IL-1β expression were decreased by the extract. In summary, extract suppressed A. actinomycetemcomitans growth and decreased inflammatory cytokine production by inhibiting activation of MAP kinase, NF-κB, and inflammasome signaling. Rosehip extract could be effective in the treatment of periodontal inflammation induced by A. actinomycetemcomitans infection.

Cold, salt and heat are most critical factors that restrict full genetic potential, growth and development of crops worldwide.. In this study, we applied an annealing control primer (ACP) based GeneFishing approach to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in annual ryegrass (cv. Kowinearly) leaves under cold, salt and heat stresses. Two-week-old seedlings were exposed to cold (4°C), salt (NaCl 200 mM) and heat (42 °C) treatments for 6 h. A total 8 differentially expressed genes were isolated form ryegrass leaves. These genes were sequenced then identified and validated form National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) database. We identified several promising genes encoding light harvesting chlorophyll a/b binding protein, alpha-glactosidase b, chromosome 3B, elongation factor 1-alpha, FLbaf106f03, complete genome, translation initiation factor SUI1, and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase. These genes were potentially involved in photosynthesis, plant development, protein synthesis and abiotic stress tolerance in plants. These genes might be useful for the enhancement of abiotic stress tolerance in fodder crops along with crop improvement under unfavorable environmental conditions.

본 연구는 건강기능식품 중 baicalin, eleutheroside E, ligustilide를 효과적으로 분석할 수 있는 방법을 확립하기 위하여 수행되었다. 이에 LC-MS/MS를 이용하여 신속하고 효율적으로 동시분석할 수 있는 시험법을 확립하였으며, 확립된 시험법에 대해 특이성, 검출한계, 정량한계, 정확도, 정밀도에 대한 검증을 통하여 유효성을 확인하고자 하였다. 표준용액을 이용하여 검량선을 작성한 결과 r2> 0.99 이상의 직선성을 확인하였고, baicalin, eleutheroside E, ligustilide에 대한 정량한계는 각각 39.3 μg/L, 106.7 μg/L, 76.1 μg/L이었으며, 검출한계는 각각 13.0 μg/L, 35.2 μg/L, 25.1 μg/L이었다. 또한 평균 회수율은 각 성분에 대해 108.0~109.9%, 99.8~101.3%, 91.4~97.2%로 나타났으며, 반 복정밀도는 상대표준편차 5%이하, 실험실간 재현성은 9% 이하로 나타나 정확성, 재현성이 우수하였으며 이는 AOAC 가이드라인19)에서 제시한 기준에 모두 적합한 수준이었다. 따라서 개발된 분석법은 향후 건강기능식품 중 baicalin, eleutheroside E, ligustilide를 동시분석하는데 효과적으로 활용할 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.

Copper (Cu) is a necessary microelement for plants. However, high concentrations of Cu are toxic to plants that change the regulation of several stress-induced proteins. In this study, an annealing control primer (ACP) based approach was used to identify differentially expressed Cu-induced genes in alfalfa leaves. Two-week-old alfalfa plants (Medicago sativa L.) were exposed to Cu for 6 h. Total RNAs were isolated from treated and control leaves followed by ACP-based PCR technique. Using GeneFishing ACPs, we obtained several genes those expression levels were induced by Cu. Finally, we identified several genes including UDP-glucuronic acid decarboxylase, transmembrane protein, small heat shock protein, C-type cytochrome biogenesis protein, mitochondrial 2-oxoglutarate, and trans-2,3-enoyl-CoA reductase in alfalfa leaves. These identified genes have putative functions in cellular processes such as cell wall structural rearrangements, transduction, stress tolerance, heme transport, carbon and nitrogen assimilation, and lipid biosynthesis. Response of Cu-induced genes and their identification in alfalfa would be useful for molecular breeding to improve alfalfa with tolerance to heavy metals.

본 연구에서는 어린이 기호식품 중 하나인 과자류(과자, 캔디류, 츄잉껌, 빙과류)에 대하여 1,005건(과자 250건, 캔디류 255건, 츄잉껌 250 건, 빙과류 250건)에 대해 위생 지표 미생물인 일반세균 수, 대장균군/대장균과 더불어 식중독 원인균인 바실러스 세레우스, 클로스트리디움 퍼프 린젠스 및 황색포도상구균에 대한 미생물 검사를 실시하였다. 과자류에 대한 일반세균 수의 경우 전체 시료의 26.8%에서 검출되었고, 검출된 세균 수는 1.7 log CFU/g을 나타내었다. 유형별로 살펴보았을 때에는 과자 250건 중 45.2%의 시료에서 검출되었으며, 빙과류 28.8%, 캔디류 20.0% 및 츄잉껌 13.2% 순으로 검출되는 것으로 확인되었다. 다른 위생지표 세균인 대장균군/대장균의 경우는 모든 시료에서 검출되지 않았다. 식중독균을 분석한 결과에서는 캔디류를 제외한 나머지 유형에서 바실러스 세레우스만 검출이 되었고, 평균 검출량은 1.4~1.6 log CFU/g로 현행 식품공전상의 미생물규격인 3 log CFU/g 이하 수준으로 모두 적합한 제품이었다. 이는 식품공전 상에서 정 하고 있는 미생물 규격에 비해서는 낮은 수치로 식품의 제조·유통에는 문제가 없는 것으로 보이지만, 식중독 민감도가 높은 어린이들에게 안전한 식품을 제공하기 위해 합리적이고 과학적인 미생물 기준규격을 고려해야 한다.

Germplasm collection of lily in the mountainousarea is laborious and time consuming accompanied withhigh costs and high risk due to inappropriate environmentalconditions. Cryopreservation being an ideal method for thelong-term preservation can be employed in conservation ofvaluable lily germplasm. Previously, we developed cryo-preservation protocol for Lilium germplasm using ‘dropletvitrification’. In this paper, we have chosen shoot tips as amaterial for cryopreservation because of their genetic safetyupon regrowth in tissue culture. Using this protocol, wehave preserved approximately 160 accessions of lily germ-plasm in 2010~2012. The regeneration rates are rangedfrom 54.3% to 58.5% while the survival rates were from58.3% to 66.4%. Among Lilium germplasm cryopreserved,there are some Korean, Chinese, and Taiwanese seedstocks which have good qualities for inter-species hybrid.Moreover, we also conserved Korean wild endangered seedstock, especially Lilium hansonii. The morphological studyof Lilium germplasm regenerated from cryopreserved mate-rial confirmed the stability of clonal material following cryo-preservation. We anticipate this cryo-collection will beavailable and useful to curators or breeders of Lilium andthis cryobank will also facilitate the conservation and inter-national exchange of Lilium germplasm.

  A process mining is considered to support the discovery of business process for unstructured process model, and a process mining algorithm by using the associated rule and sequence pattern of data mining is developed to extract information about process

본 논문은 지진발생시 빌딩프레임상의 각 부재의 흡수에너지율이 일정하도록 유도하논 다시말하면 각각 의 부재의 손상지수값이 고흐름게 분포토록 하는 새로운 셜셰볍인 손상제어 전산섣겨!법의 유용성을 입증코 져 하는 것이다. 이를 위하여 우선 사용된 기본적인 이략모덴 및 손상모텔의 정확성을 평가하기 위하여 one-bay one-story 프레임의 실험적인 하증 변위꼭션을 해석적으로 재생하여 비교분석하였다 그리고 본 섣계법을 각종 프레임에 적용한 결과 1) 구조윤의 특정 및 사용된 지진 형상에 관계 없이 손상제어 설계된 프레임은 일반적으로 종래의 방법으로 설계된 프레임보다 같은 지진하중허에서 더 작은 손상값으로 저항 하였으며 ， 2) 손상제어 섣겨!된 프레임의 하층 I!’- 부재뜰은 더 큰 항복강도쓸 나타내는 현상끌 보였으며 상층부 부재듬은 반대 현상을 보였다.