김정한의 소설은 오랫동안 문학 교과서에서 정전의 자리를 차지했으나, 2012 고시 교육과정 이후 소외 되었다. 이 논문은 김정한 소설이 현대의 독자들에게 공명하지 못하는 이유에서 역설적으로 문학교육적 가 치를 찾고자 한다. 창작 과정에 개입한 이데올로기와 창작 당시 맥락에 주목하면, 비판적 문식성을 함양하 기 위한 교육 제재로서 김정한 소설의 가치를 재발견할 수 있다. 김정한 소설을 본문 제재로 수록한 마지막 교과서는 ｢산거족｣에서 주인공의 정의로움과 저항적 의지를 부각하며 학습자가 그것을 내면화하기를 유도 한다. 이는 현대의 독자들에게 크게 공명하기 어렵다. 이 논문은 ｢산거족｣에서 인물 형상화 과정에 개입된 창작 당시의 이데올로기와 맥락에 주목하여, 애국주의와 영웅주의 그리고 당대 심층적 토대였던 근대적 동 일성이 작가에게 영향을 미쳤다는 사실을 교육내용으로 제안한다. 이 교육내용은 비판적 문식성을 함양하 고, 창작 당시 망탈리테와 더불어 작가의식의 유동성과 구성성 그리고 망탈리테의 역사성과 상대성까지 교 육할 수 있다.

The box tree moth, Cydalima perspectalis (Walker, 1859) (Lepidoptera: Crambidae), is a native species in East Asia specialized in box trees (Buxus sp.) but has recently invaded most European countries. Due to the absence of its natural enemies in Europe, the economic impact is serious in most countries. In order to find parasitoids as biological control agents in Korea, C. perspectalis larvae were collected from ornamental and native box trees from various regions of the country from 2022 to 2023. While rearing them in the insectary, several parasitoids emerged from the larvae. We found at least six larval parasitoids, including five wasp species and one fly species. Molecular diagnosis using the nucleotide sequences of the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COI) showed that most samples were 90–97% identical to the data in the NCBI database. Further studies are required to determine biological and parasitic characteristics, such as developmental rate, fecundity, host specificity, and parasitic rate, to clarify the suitability of parasitoids as biological control agents.

Collocational competence is important part of L2 English amplifier acquisition. This competence entails learners' ability to use the right combination of words with natural-sounding semantic prosody. It is known to be an integral part of mastering pragmatic function of L2 English vocabulary, which also is a challenge for the learners at the same time (Zhang, 2008). Despite the importance, previous studies on ESL/EFL learners' amplifier use lacked empirical evidence and insight about semantic prosody. The purpose of present learner corpora-based study was to fill the existing research gap by finding patterns of amplifiers. Two existing corpora were selected, coded, and analyzed to fulfill this purpose; they are Korean EFL learners and native speakers of English (NE). Results from analysis found Korean learners' overall underuse in amplifiers. Also, frequently occurring amplifier ranks for each corpus differed. Semantic prosody analysis revealed that amplifier associated with dominantly positive connotation were very, really, and highly. Amplifiers associated with dominantly negative connotation were extremely, absolutely, severely, and greatly. Contrast analysis showed that the only amplifier that Koreans and NEs used amplifier to signal same semantic prosody dominantly was severely (negative). Other than that, Koreans and NE showed salient discrepancies in semantic prosody use. The pedagogical implication of the present study is that vocabulary teaching need to include semantic prosody, and the first step will be to conduct ESL/EFL teacher education about it (Zhang, 2009). It's important to remind them of the value of semantic prosody in language communication (S Lee, 2011).

The pretreatment for substrate was carried out in change of gun pressure of bar using wet blasting. The size of powder was about . As the results, the surface roughness of cemented carbide substrate was improved with increment of gun pressure of wet blasting. A new surface layer was formed and Co particles were uniformly distributed over the entire surface after pretreatment. The adhesion of the pretreated substrate in same PVD-TiAlN film was improved and in approximately shown the best adhesion value.

More than 300 Miscanthus accessions as a potential bioenergy crop were collected in Korea and their morphological traits were investigated at various growth stages. Among morphological traits, stem growth habit, the presence of awn in spikelet, and autumn new shoot are the most important key traits enabling to cluster Miscanthus accessions into M. sinensis and M. sacchariflorus groups. Miscanthus sinensis has bunch stem growth habit and awn in spikelet, and produces autumn new shoot, while M. sacchariflorus has scattering stem growth habit with no awn in spikelet and does not produce autumn new shoot. Interestingly, we found several Miscanthus accessions showing intermediate morphological traits. 7 M. sinensis accessions showed morphological traits similar to M. sacchariflorus and 17 M. sacchariflorus accessions showed morphological traits similar to M. sinensis. Flow cytometry and chromosome counting finally revealed 5 Miscanthus hybrids, suggesting that they are resulted from natural hybridization between M. sinensis and M. sacchariflorus. Therefore, these Miscanthus hybrids can be used to understand genetic recombination between these two Miscanthus species and our understanding may support future efforts for breeding new Miscanthus variety with high biomass productivity and environmental adaptability.

In the present study, the antinociceptive profiles of Dianthus chinensis L extract were examined in ICR mice. Dianthus chinensis L extract administered orally (200 mg/kg) showed an antinociceptive effect as measured by the tail-flick and hot-plate tests. In addition, Dianthus chinensis L extract attenuated the writhing numbers in the acetic acid-induced writhing test. Furthermore, the cumulative nociceptive response time for intrathecal (i.t.) injection of substance P (0.7 μg) was diminished by Dianthus chinensis L extract. Intraperitoneal (i.p.) pretreatment with yohimbine (α2-adrenergic receptor antagonist) attenuated antinociceptive effect induced by Dianthus chinensis L extract in the writhing test. However, naloxone (opioid receptor antagonist) or methysergide (5-HT serotonergic receptor antagonist) did not affect antinociception induced by Dianthus chinensis L extract in the writhing test. Our results suggest that Dianthus chinensis L extract shows an antinociceptive property in various pain models. Furthermore, this antinociceptive effect of Dianthus chinensis L extract may be mediated by α2-adrenergic receptor, but not opioidergic and serotonergic receptors.

Miscanthus is a rhizomatous perennial C4 grass and has been studied as a lignocellulosic biomass energy crop in Europe and USA. Although Korea has many native Miscanthus species, however, Miscanthus has never been considered as a potential bioenergy crop and not much studied. Therefore, we collected Miscanthus spp (M. sinensis and M. sacchariflorus) in Korea and overseas and conducted a field experiment during 2008-2010 to investigate their agronomic characteristics related to biomass yield and thus to select genotypes with a high biomass yield potential. The agronomic characteristics assessed are plant height, leaf area, stem thickness, stem density, flowering time, dry weight and so on. Some Korean genotypes particularly collected in Jeju and Gyeonggi showed very high biomass yield, suggesting that they can be used for breeding a new Miscanthus cultivar for biomass production. Correlation analyses showed that plant height, stem thickness and density are closely related with biomass yield. Flowering times vary with genotypes and their collection sites. Phenotypic information of Korean Miscanthus we present herein may be useful for further studies on Miscanthus as a bioenergy crop.

Here we reported two unrecorded naturalized species from Korean flora. Andropogon virginicus L. of Graminaeae and Euphorbia postrata Aiton of Euphorbiaceae are collected from Dong-gu, Ulsan-si and Sinjindo-ri, Taean-gun, Chungcheongnam-do respectively. A. virginicus L. was easily distinguishable from Themeda triandras var. japonica Makino by keel on glume, 2-4 racemes and long hairy rachis. Thus, the new Korean name, 'Na-do-sol-sae', was given. E. postrata Aiton was cleary distinguished from related taxa by hairs on only edges of fruits. The new Korean name, 'Nu-un-ttang-bin-dae' was given considering the species epithet. Descriptions, illustrations and photographs showing habitat were given.