Germination of chili pepper seeds is critical for crop yield and resource utilization. A high germination rate increases yield and effectively reduces resource wastage. This study collected 450 macroscopic images of chili pepper seeds and constructed a dataset for deep learning training through standardized germination experiments. Six deep learning models were evaluated to improve the chili pepper seed classification accuracy and germination rate. After comparing the performance of the models, MobileNet_v2 performed the best, not only having the fewest number of parameters but also achieving a 98.89% accuracy and 97.82% F1 score. The model improved the original germination rate from 87.33% to 100% on the test set, significantly optimizing the seed selection process

Crop diseases seriously affect food security, and traditional identification methods are inefficient and inaccurate. This paper proposes a GoogLeNet model with an attention mechanism. By integrating an attention module inside the Inception module, the recognition ability of subtle disease features and complex backgrounds is improved. Based on strict data preprocessing and enhancement, the proposed method achieves 87.75% accuracy on the AI Challenger 2018 crop disease dataset, which is better than the existing advanced methods, which verifies the effectiveness and practicability of the method and provides technical support for smart agriculture.

Animal pattern recognition from nighttime grayscale images is crucial for wildlife protection and ecological monitoring. Most of the current models suffer from a large parameter scale, making them unsuitable for deployment in resource-constrained environments. To address this challenge, this study proposes a multi-layer knowledge distillation approach based on the teacher Convnext model to improve the lightweight student model's classification performance effectively. Experimental results show that the parameters of the distilled CifarResNet20 model are only 0.27M, and the accuracy is 88.76%, which is superior to the traditional single-layer distillation and another tiny student model. The study confirms the efficiency and practical value of the proposed method in practical applications such as ecological monitoring.

The food components of red sea bream(Pagrus major) cultured in copper alloy(brass) net(BN) and nylon net(NN) cages for nine months were investigated. The body weight was 234.9g at the beginning of the culture(the young fish), and then 692.1g(BN group) and 549.3g(NN group) at the fish cultured for nine months(the nine-month culture fish). The moisture content of the edible portion of the fish was higher in the young fish than in the nine-month culture fish. On the contrary, the lipid content was higher in the latter (9.1-10.6%) than in the former (7.6%).　 The lipid content in the nine-month culture fish was slightly higher in the BN group compared to the NN group. There was little difference in protein content between the young fish and the nine-month culture fish, or between the BN and NN groups. There was a slightly higher level of copper content in the liver (5ppm in the young fish and 5-6ppm in the nine-month culture fish) compared to the edible portions (1ppm in the young fish and 3-4ppm in the nine-month culture fish), but no difference was evident between the BN and NN groups. The prominent fatty acids were 16:0, 18:1n-9, 22:6n-3, 16:1n-7, 18:2n-6, 20:5n-3, and 18:0 in the edible portions of the young and cultured fish. The n-3 fatty acid content was slightly richer in the BN group.

본 연구는 친환경적으로 추출된 오징어(Todarodes pacificus) 간유와 시판 포도씨유가 고콜레스테롤을 섭취시킨 Wistar계 흰쥐의 혈청 지질 개선작용에 미치는 영향을 평가하고자 수행되었다. 실험군은 식이지질의 종류에 따라 4 군으로 나누었다. 기본(BA) 식이군의 지질급원은 대두유(SO) 7%, 대조(CO) 식이군은 SO 7% + 콜레스테롤 1%, 친환경 오징어 간유(EFSO) 식이군은 EFSO 7% + 콜레스테롤 1%, 그리고 포도씨유(GO) 식이군은 GO 7% + 콜레스테롤 1%로 각각 조제하였다. 이들 지질을 4주 동안 섭취 시킨 흰쥐의 혈청 지질을 분석한 결과, triglyceride (TG), total-cholesterol (Total-C), LDL-C, VLDL-C 등의 함량이 CO 식이군에 비하여 EFSO 식이군에서 유의하게 낮았다 (P<0.05). 한편 GO 식이군에서 혈청 TG, VLDL-C, HDL-C 등의 함량은 EFSO 식이군의 경우와 유사하였으나 Total-C 및 LDL-C의 함량은 CO 식이군과 유의적인 차이가 없었다. 또한 EFSO 식이군의 동맥경화지수(AI)는 CO식이군의 약 1/2 수준이었으며, GO 식이군에서도 이들 지수가 EFSO 식이군의 경우와 유사하였으나 외형상 약간 높은 값을 나타내었다. 그리고 모든 식이군에서 백색 및 갈색 지방조직 함량에는 유의한 차이가 없었다. 이상의 결과에서 n-3 고도불포화지방산이 풍부한 EFSO가 실험쥐의 혈청 지질, 특히 LDL-C, TG 등의 함량을 저하시키는데 가장 효과적인 지질급원으로 생각된다.

We analyzed the fatty acid and dimethyl acetal (DMA) compositions of phospholipid (PL) classes [phosphatidylcholine (PC) and phosphatidylethanolamine (PE)] obtained from the reproductive organs of male (testis, vas deferens, seminal vesicle and spermatophoric sac) and female (ovary, oviduct, oviducal gland and nidamental gland) common squid. The PL contents in the male and female reproductive organs were 0.45-1.94 and 1.25-5.88 g/100 g tissues, respectively. The prominent PL classes in the male and female reproductive organs were PC (39.1-54.5% and 59.8-77.0%, respectively) and PE (30.6-40.6% and 18.7-31.8%, respectively). The prominent fatty acids of PC and PE in the reproductive organs were docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, 22:6n-3), 16:0, eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA, 20:5n-3), 20:1n-9, 18:0 and/or 20:4n-6. The percentage of DHA was higher in PC of male and female reproductive organs, while that of EPA was higher in the PE of both reproductive organs. The PE of male and female reproductive organs contained 18:0, 16:0, 16:1 and 20:0 DMAs, which derived from plasmalogen, especially 18:0 DMA was the richest (5.26% of total fatty acids and DMA) in the PE of the testis in all the organs tested. Consequently, these results suggest that the reproductive organs of male and female of the squid could be used as good sources for PC, PE, n-3 PUFA and plasmalogen.