The poor durability issue of polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells is a major concern in terms of their commercialization. To understand the degradation mechanism of the catalysts, an accelerated durability test (ADT) was conducted according to the protocol established by internationally accredited organizations. However, reversible and irreversible factors contributing to the loss of activity have not yet been practically segregated because of the limitations of a batch-type three-electrode system, leading to the misunderstanding of the deactivation mechanism. In this study, we investigated the effect of a fresh electrolyte on the ADT and recovery process. When the fresh electrolyte was used at every range of the cycle, the chances of incorrect detection of dissolved CO and Pt ions in the electrolyte were very low. When the same electrolyte was used throughout the test, the accumulated Pt ions were deposited on the surface of the Pt nanoparticles or carbon support, affording an increased electrochemical surface area (ECSA) of Pt. Therefore, we believe that periodic replacement by a fresh electrolyte or a continuous-flow electrolyte is essential for the precise determination of the structural and electrochemical changes in Pt/C catalysts.

Background : The purpose of this study was to evaluate methods to high quality food ramie rice cake, thereby increasing farm income. This study investigated the effects of different Split Application and Adapted Fertilizer Culture for Stable Production with Edible Leaf in Ramie (Boehmeria nivea L.). Methods and Results : Method of fertilizer application were conducted under three condition compose to standard application (N-P-K-Compost applied at 27-9-27-1,500 ㎏․ 10 a−1), 25% increased application (N-P-K-Compost applied at 34-11-34-1,500 ㎏․10 a−1), 50% increased application (N-P-K-Compost applied at 41-14-41-1,500 ㎏․ 10 a−1) cultivation. Compost and fused phosphate applied at 100% of basal fertilizer in March 25. The split application level of standard application (N-K) applied at 50% of basal fertilizer in March 25, 50% of top dressing were five times application (N-K) in May 4, July 5, September 5, October 5, 20% respectively. Transplanting with Yeongkwang varieties in April 12 by growing pot seedling for 35 days in 2011. Planting density were spaced 60 ㎝ apart in rows 25 ㎝ apart with rice straw cutting covered open cultivation. Plot design randomized block 3 repetition. Conclusion : Organic matter, available phosphate, K2O, CaO, and MgO of soil increased in all plots with the addition of fertilizers culture, specifically in 25% and 50% increased application. Growth characteristics by 50% of top dressing were five times application (N-K) in May 4, July 5, September 5, October 5, compared to standard application (N-K) applied at 100% basal fertilizer, aerial part as a result were so many such amount of growth as number of branch and leaf per plant, etc., Length, width of leaf and leaf colorimetry of aboveground part growth increment rising highest. Green leaf yields compared to standard fertilizer 100% application (1,344 kg․ 10 a−1). 25% and 50% increased application (N-K) applied at 50% basal fertilizer, 50% of top dressing were five times application increased by 9%, 17%. respectively.

Background : The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of split application and adapted fertilization application cultivation in stable medicinal herbs production of Angelica acutiloba K. And it accomplished one’s purpose to GAP guide manual established standard method of cultivation technology, contribute to the enlargement of farm’s income. Methods and Results : Method of fertilization application were conducted under four condition compose to standard application (N-P-K-Compost: fermented mixed oil cake fertilizer applied at 14-10-10-600 ㎏․10 a−1cultivation. Compost and fused phosphate applied at 100% of basal fertilizer in April 14. The split application level of standard application (N-K) applied at 100%, 50%, 40%, 30% of basal fertilizer in April 14, 50%, 40% and 30% of top dressing were two, three times application (N-K) in June 1, July 15, August 15, 25% and 20% respectively. Sowing dates with Jangsung varieties in April 28 of the year 2015. Planting density were spaced 30 ㎝ apart in rows 15 ㎝ apart with black color non-woven cloth covering open cultivation by level row 90 ㎝. Plot design randomized block 3 repetition. Conclusion : Growth characteristics by 50%, 70% and 60% of top dressing were two, three times application (N-K) in June 1, July 15, August 15 compared to standard application (N-K) applied at 100% basal fertilizer, aerial part as a result were so many such amount of growth as number of leaf per plant, etc., Length of leaf and main root of aboveground, subterranean part growth increment rising highest. Dried roots yields compared to standard fertilizer 100%application (217 kg․10 a−1) treatment. 50%, 70% and 60% of top dressing were two, three times application (N-K) increased by 6%, 14%, and 18%. respectively.

Background : The purpose of this study was to evaluate methods to high quality medicinal vegetables, thereby increasing farm income. This study investigated the effects of different green manures crop and application culture stable foliage production in Peucedanum japonicum Thunberg. Methods and Results : Method of application with green manure crop were conducted under four condition compose to control (non application), single cropping in barley, hairy vetch and mixed cropping in hairy vetch (60%) + barley (40%)culture. Sowing dates of green manure crop were October 14 in 2014. Transplanting with Jeonam Yeosu varieties in Junel 28 by growing pot seedling for 45 days in 2015. Method of application were standard application (N-P-K-Compost applied at 20-12-10-600 ㎏․10 a−1). Plants were spaced 10 ㎝ apart in rows 10 ㎝ apart with open cultivation. Conclusions : The utilization effect of nitrogen supplied by green manure crop was highest with the hairy vetch by 21.1% in single cropping and hairy vetch + barley by 29.8% in mixed cropping. Organic matter, available phosphate, K2O, CaO, and MgO of soil increased in plots with the mixed cropping hairy vetch + barley culture. Non application < barley < hairy vetch < hairy vetch + barley in mixed cropping, aerial part as a result were so many such amount of growth as number of leaf per plant, etc., green leaf yields is untreated control plot (1,876 kg․10 a−1) compared to 7% from using barley culture, hairy vetch culture 10% higher and hairy vetch + barley culture increased to 15% of the most.

Background : The purpose of this study was to big strong and root in the disease, many high quality seed of Achyranthes japonica N. selection by fostering, expanding the spread on a farm and raw materials medicines of sources deployment for process is to contribute to increasing farm income. Methods and Results : Collected variety into the mass selection breeding method by head-to-row cultivation, native variety of Hwasoon and Jangheung Jeonnam, was conducted in 2007. Three individual selection in 2010 as it produces the 27 and five individual in 2008 and 2009. From 2010 to 2011, pure line isolation as it cultivated and one foundation group. Promising in 2012, select one system. Replicated yield trial for two years beginning in 2013 a result of the stem length, multiple No. of branches and providing high -quality “No. 1, Jeollanam-do” majority by assigning system name. Naju-si, Yeongam-gun, local excellence by implementing a local adaptability test recognized in two years. To breed a new variety named as a dwelling “ Woogang” of Achyranthes japonica N. the review by fostering december 2015 to be registered. Conclusions : Leaf type is the broad lancet, flowering time is new variety two days than Jangheung native variety delayed. New variety of stem length and main root length are check variety (89㎝, 13.5㎝) of 9㎝ and 2㎝ tall respectively. Seed yields has native variety as much as 35 % compared to the many into 43.5 kg/10a. The ecdysteroids contents of roots was 1.2 times higher compared to check variety (668.1ppm). The dried root yields of the new variety are 285kg/10a a many native variety than 20%.

Background : The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of the ridge and mulching cultivation and adapted sowing(planting)time in stable medicinal herbs production of Lithospermum erythrorhizon Siebold et Zuc. And it accomplished one’s purpose to GAP guide manual established standard method of cultivation technology, contribute to the enlargement of farm’s income. Methods and Results : Method of cultivation type with the ridge and covering material were conducted under two condition compose to open cultivation (level row : 120㎝ ridging, black polyethylene mulching) and plastic greenhouse cultivation (high row : 90㎝ ridging, non-woven fabric mulching). Sowing with Daehong varieties in April 17, transplanting July 25 by growing pot seedling for 40 days in 2015. Planting density were spaced 30㎝ apart in inter-rows 10 ㎝ apart intra-row. Fertilizing level of N-P-K-Compost (fermented mixed oil cake fertilizer) applied at 6-4-6-300 ㎏․10 a−1, 60% of basal fertilizer in March 14, 40% of top dressing were four times application in April 14 ～July 15. Plot design randomized block 3 repetition. Conclusions : Compared to level ridging on black polyethylene mulching open cultivation for growing plastic greenhouse with the high ridging non woven mulching cultivation, seed yields havesting 1.4 times, the dried roots yields increased in 0.7 times. Also, Growth characteristics by sowing time in April 16. compared to planting time in July 25. Length of stem and main root of above-ground, subterranean part growth increment rising highest. Seed and dried roots yields with increased by 71%, 30%. respectively.