대나무 원림과 시가 문화원이 있는 담양 죽녹원은 31ha 면적에 문화정원·체험식물정원·역사정원·누정정원·전통정원 등 5개의 주제별 정원으로 구성되어 있다. 특히 죽녹원 방문객수는 2005년 집계가 시작된 이래 해마다 수가 꾸준히 늘고 있어 2005년 약 31만 명에 불과했던 방문객수가 2014년도에는 약 1백 5십만 명, 2015년도에는 약 1백 2십만 명으로 집계되었다. 죽녹원이 유료관광지임에도 불과하고 해마다 눈에 띄는 성장세를 보여주고 있다는 것은 그만큼 죽녹원이 관광자원으로서 경쟁력을 갖추고 있음을 의미한다고 볼 수 있다. 이에, 본 연구에서는 죽녹원의 지방정원 지정을 위한 기본구상계획을 수립하였다. 이를 위해, 죽녹원의 가치와 현황을 분석하였으며, 지방정원으로서의 죽녹원 기본구상을 하였다. 현재 4개 권역으로 나뉘어져 있는 죽녹원의 공간을 재편하고 각 권역에 주제를 부여하였으며, 이에 따른 신규 시설 및 프로그램을 구상하였다. 또한, 현재 대나무숲, 시가문화촌(한옥체험촌 포함), 추성창의촌 등 3개의 주제정원으로 구성된 죽녹원을 역사정원, 누정정원, 전통정원, 문화정원, 체험식물정원 등 5개의 주제정원으로 재구성할 것을 제안하였다. 체험프로그램으로 각 주제정원별로 역사정신, 전통누정, 전통한옥, 대나무, 참여 등 다섯 가지 범주의 프로그램들을 제안하였으며, 향후 관리운영을 위해 조직 개편 방안을 제안하였다.

The purpose of this study is to highlight the idea that the approach and methodology in Landscape Architecture and Urban Studies are rooted in regional planning, and to trace the legacy that can be borrowed from modern city and landscape planning. This study examines the academic relationship between Geddes’ Urban Evolution and McHarg’s Ecological Landscape Planning theory, and explores the significance of regional planning that can be accommodated in both Landscape Architecture and Urban Studies areas at present. As a result, the Geddes’ theory and the McHarg’s ecological landscape planning emphasized a scientific understanding of plans based on evolutionary theories and local research in regional planning. However, the McHarg’s theory was definitely different from the Geddes’ theory and offered its own unique identity and possibilities. First, it was completely focused on the environment. Second, it suggested a concrete methodology consisting of a technique of land suitability analysis to visualize an environmental or regional investigation. Third, McHarg advocated drawings as a visualization tool. McHarg’s theory of ecological landscape planning can be thought of as an evolutionary version of the theory of urban evolution. The study was limited to an applicable range to solidify the possibility of applying the theory in real situation, and more concrete and substantial approaches were suggested accordingly.

To produce palm kernel shell (PKS) biocrude oil, a bubbling fluidized bed pyrolyzer was used with different sample sizes and reaction temperatures. The PKS sample sizes used were 0.1 ~ 0.4 mm, 0.4 ~ 1.0 mm, and 1.0 ~ 2.0 mm and the reaction temperature were 465oC, 490oC, 530oC, 560oC, and 590oC. The yield of PKS biocrude oil increased with decreasing the sample size. The maximum yield of PKS biocrude oil was 47.31% at 560oC with a PKS sample size of 0.1 ~ 0.4 mm. In addition, the maximum energy yield of PKS biocrude oil was 45.05% at 560oC and size 0.1 ~ 0.4 mm. Among the characteristics of PKS biocrude oil, the high heating values are from 15.98 MJ/Kg to 20.29 MJ/Kg, the moisture content is from 20.14wt.% to 31.57wt.%, and the viscosity ranges from 0.0117 N s/m2 to 0.0408 N s/m2. In addition, proximate analyses and elemental analysis of PKS biocrude oil were conducted.

Converting biomass to biocrude oil has been extensively studied worldwide as a renewable energy technology and a solution to global warming caused by overuse of fossil fuels because it is a carbon neutral fuel that originates from biomass and, thus, could help prevent climate change. Fast pyrolysis is an effective technology for producing biocrude-oil, and woody biomass is usually used as feedstock. Although many studies have been performed with this feedstock, high production cost and low higher heating value (HHV) have frequently reported as challenging barriers to commercialization. Thus, coffee ground residue was selected as an alternative feedstock to overcome this barrier due to its higher HHV than other biomasses, as well as an expected improvement in the recycling rate of organic waste from many coffee shops. A kinetic study on the thermal decomposition reaction of ground coffee residue was carried out previously to investigate pyrolysis characteristics by thermogravimetric analysis, and its kinetic parameters were studied using two calculation models. A bubbling-fluidized-bed reactor was used for fast pyrolysis and the yield and characteristics of the biocrudeoil from ground coffee residue were investigated at reaction temperatures of 400-600°C. The activation energy of the decomposition reaction was calculated separately to be 41.57 kJ/mol and 44.01-350.20 kJ/mol with the above two methods. The highest biocrude-oil content was about 51.7wt% at 550°C.