예이츠는 플라톤의 이원론에 대해서 이중적인 관점을 가지고 있다. 그는 이데아의 세계를 통해서 정신과 초월적인 세계를 지향하는 것에는 긍정한다. 그러나 그는 플라톤이 정신의 영역을 강조하고 물질적인 영역을 폄하하는 관점에 대해서 부정적 견해를 갖는다. 예이츠는 둘 다를 존중한다. 예이츠의 초기시에서 현실에 안주하지 않고 꿈의 세계로 나아가려는 정신은 에로스와 유사성이 있다. 현실에 대한 결핍의 인식이 곧 창조적인 상상력을 가져오는 것과, 존재합일을 이루기 위한 투쟁과 갈등의 과정도 역시 플라톤의 에로스의 정신과 유사한 면들이다. 본 논문을 이러한 예이츠와 플라톤 에로스와의 연관성을 밝힌다.

In order to ascertain the extent to which Korean college students are familiar with the proper use of the English comma, this study examined all the instances of the comma used in a learner corpus consisting of 787 compositions written by Korean college students. All in all, 5,869 tokens of comma errors were identified and subsequently grouped into five categories of errors: (a) omission, (b) addition, (c) wrong substitution, (d) wrong position, and (e) others. A careful examination of these five types of comma errors revealed that the number of tokens in omission was the highest among the five categories, accounting for over half of all the comma errors, and that the students who received higher scores on their essays were just as likely to make comma errors as those who scored lower, a fact which suggests that students with a higher procifiency of English also need instruction on using the comma properly. These results lead to the conclusion that most Korean students are not familiar with contextual uses of the comma and that teaching the comma should be incorporated into English education both at the secondary and at the tertiary level.

본 연구는 돼지 체외수정란의 배양시스템의 최적화를 위하여 수행되었다. 기본배양액으로는 NC-SU-23을 사용하였으며, 실험 1에서는 IGF-I이 각각 0, 1, 10, 100 ng/의 농도로 첨가된 배양액에서 배양하여 분할율, 배반포 발달율과총 세포수를 확인하였다. 농도 경사에 따른 분할율은 차이가 없었으나(65.5%~69.5%), 배반포 발달율에 있어서는 10 ng/의 농도로 첨가하였을 경우가 가장 높았다(P<0.05). 실험 2는 배 아 유전자 활성

The present study aimed to examine the effect of dietary Ptecticu tenebrifer powder mixtures as pet dogfeed ingredients on crude fat and ash digestibility. Three groups of feeds Feed A, Feed B, and Feed C supplied from three farms were fed to a total of 45 dogs. The dietary Ptecticu tenebrifer powder mixture were prepared by mixing 25 g of Ptecticu tenebrifer powder with 100 g of canned food. Feed A, Feed B, and Feed C containing dietary Ptecticu tenebrifer powder mixtures were fed to 15 dogs of each breed of bichon, poodle, and chihuahua that were divided into three groups following a completely randomized design. For measuring the crude fat and crude ash digestibility, manure of each dog breed from each group were collected. Crude fat digestibility was not statistically significant among the dog breeds fed with feed C (p>0.05), but overall there was a statistical difference between the feed and the group by dog breed (p<0.05). In terms of crude ash digestibility, the three types of feed showed differences with respect to dog breeds (p<0.05). However, the group with no significant difference was observed in Feed B by dog breed (p>0.05). In conclusion, feeding Ptecticu tenebrifer powder mixture to dog breeds had no positive effect on the crude fat and ash digestibility and can be used as pet dogfeed ingredients.

This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of sipjeondaebo-tang by-product powder on the growth performance of broilers. A total of 120 broiler chicks (Arbor acres) at 0 days old were assigned to one of two treatments with three replications: control and 1% sipjeondaebo-tang by-product powder. Weight gain at 3 weeks and feed intake at 5 weeks were significantly (p<0.05) influenced by the sipjeondaebo-tang by-product powder treatments. However, there were no significant differences in the feed conversion ratio between treatments as a function of treatment time (p>0.05). Overall, weight gain and the feed conversion ratio were slightly greater for the sipjeondaebo-tang by-product powder treatment than the control treatment. It was concluded that sipjeondaebo-tang by-product powder may be an appropriate source of feed additive, without any negative effects on the growth performance of the broilers.

This study aimed to investigate the effects of dietary Ptecticus tenebrifer on the fecal microbiomes of bichon frise. A total of 16 bichon frise dogs (average weight, 2 kg) were randomly allotted to 4 dietary treatments (4 dogs/group): general pet food, two types of domestic pet food containing Ptecticus tenebrifer, and one imported pet food containing Ptecticus tenebrifer. In the controls, Firmicutes accounted for the highest proportion (82%) at the phylum level in the fecal microbiomes. The Tax4Fun2's functional prediction program indicated that the control groups showed a relatively high amount of obesity-related microorganisms; the pathways included three types of carbohydrate metabolism. Among the treatments, Firmicutes abundances was the least in the treatments with the two types of domestic pet food containing Ptecticus tenebrifer; this did not affect the functional prediction of Tax4Fun2. In conclusion, the two types of domestic feed with Ptecticus tenebrifer were healthy and suitable for bichon frise; they could be beneficial in terms of obesity.

This study investigated the effects of dietary Ptecticu tenebrifer powder and canned mixtures on protein digestibility by different breeds of companion dogs (15 Bichons, 15 Malteses, 15 Chihuahuas and 15 Poodles). The mixtures were divided into Diet A, Diet B, Diet C, Diet D, and Diet E, which were supplied from five farms. Twenty-five grams each was mixed with 100 g of each canned food, and a total of 125 g was measured for each breed of dog. The result of component analysis of the mixtures showed the highest protein contents rather than dry matter, crude ash or crude fat. There were statistical significances (p<0.05) in all mixed feeds fed to bichon, maltese, chihuahua and poodle dog. Overall, protein digestibility by the breeds of dog ranged from 87.44% to 97.18%. Result of breed of dog comparison revealed that Diet E by poodle dog had the highest protein digestibility, and the lowest protein digestibility was observed in Diet C by Maltese. In conclusion, the use of dietary Ptecticu tenebrifer powder and canned mixtures did not only increased protein digestibility by different breeds of dog but also maintained normal manure properties.

The present study evaluated the blood profile and meat color of ducks with Houttuynia cordata (H. cordata) pellets in their diets. In total, 120 pekin ducks (1-d-old) were used in a 42 d growth trial. Ducks were randomly allocated to six pens and exposed to three replicates of two treatments: (1) controls as basal diet and (2) basal diet + 2% H. cordata pellets (T1). Total-cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, triglyceride contents or L* and b* vaules revealed significant difference (p>0.05) in compared with those in the controls; however, dietary supplementation of H. cordata pellets did not affect (p>0.05) LDL-cholesterol, VLDL-cholesterol and a* values. In conclusion, the inclusion of 2% H. cordata pellets improved HDL-cholesterol and meat color in duck breast and thigh meats, which further reduced other cholesterol values.

본 연구는 낙지다리(Penthorum chinense Pursh) 추출물을 기능성 화장품소재로 개발하기 위해 (−)‑epicatechin gallate를 지표성분으로 선정하고, 품질관리를 위해 High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC)를 이용하여 분석법을 개발하였다. 분석에 사용된 칼럼은 Unison US-C18 (4.6 × 250 mm, 5 μm, Imtakt, USA)을 사용하여 0.05% (v/v) trifluoroacetic acid (TFA)와 메탄올을 이동상 조건으로 컬럼 온도는 30 ℃ 에서 유속은 1.0 mL/min 로 검출파장은 280 nm에서 검출하였다. International Conference on Harmonization (ICH) 가이드라인(version 4, 2005)을 근거로 하여 특이성, 직선성, 정밀성, 정확성, 검출한계 및 정량한계를 분석하여 분석방법을 검증하였다. 검출한계 및 정량한계는 각각 0.11 mg/mL 및 0.33 mg/mL로 나타났으며, 검량곡선은 상관계수값이 0.9999로 양호한 직선성을 보였고, 정밀성 분석결과 도 0.6% 이하로 확인하였다. 또한, 회수율은 99.51 ~ 101.92% 범위로 정확성이 있음을 알 수 있다. 따라서, 본 분석법은 낙지다리 추출물의 지표성분의 분석법은 적합한 시험법임이 검증되었다.

Converting biomass to biocrude oil has been extensively studied worldwide as a renewable energy technology and a solution to global warming caused by overuse of fossil fuels because it is a carbon neutral fuel that originates from biomass and, thus, could help prevent climate change. Fast pyrolysis is an effective technology for producing biocrude-oil, and woody biomass is usually used as feedstock. Although many studies have been performed with this feedstock, high production cost and low higher heating value (HHV) have frequently reported as challenging barriers to commercialization. Thus, coffee ground residue was selected as an alternative feedstock to overcome this barrier due to its higher HHV than other biomasses, as well as an expected improvement in the recycling rate of organic waste from many coffee shops. A kinetic study on the thermal decomposition reaction of ground coffee residue was carried out previously to investigate pyrolysis characteristics by thermogravimetric analysis, and its kinetic parameters were studied using two calculation models. A bubbling-fluidized-bed reactor was used for fast pyrolysis and the yield and characteristics of the biocrudeoil from ground coffee residue were investigated at reaction temperatures of 400-600°C. The activation energy of the decomposition reaction was calculated separately to be 41.57 kJ/mol and 44.01-350.20 kJ/mol with the above two methods. The highest biocrude-oil content was about 51.7wt% at 550°C.