New triple tungstate phosphors NaPbLa(WO4)3:Yb3+/Ho3+ (x = Yb3+/Ho3+ = 7, 8, 9, 10) are successfully fabricated by microwave assisted sol-gel synthesis and their structural and frequency upconversion (UC) characteristics are investigated. The compounds crystallized in the tetragonal space group I41/a and the NaPbLa(WO4)3 host have unit cell parameters a = 5.3927(1) and c = 11.7961(3) Å, V = 343.05(2) Å3, Z = 4. Under excitation at 980 nm, the phosphors have yellowish green emissions, which are derived from the intense 5S2/ 5F4 → 5I8 transitions of Ho3+ ions in the green spectral range and strong 5F5 → 5I8 transitions in the red spectral range. The optimal Yb3+:Ho3+ ratio is revealed to be x = 9, which is attributed to the quenching effect of Ho3+ ions, as indicated by the composition dependence. The UC characteristics are evaluated in detail under consideration of the pump power dependence and Commission Internationale de L'Eclairage chromaticity. The spectroscopic features of Raman spectra are discussed in terms of the superposition of Ho3+ luminescence and vibrational lines. The possibility of controlling the spectral distribution of UC luminescence by the chemical content of tungstate hosts is demonstrated.

This study aimed to examine the effect of a mild elevation in serum cholesterol level in a porcine coronary overstretch restenosis model using a balloon angioplasty catheter or drug-eluting coronary stent. Pigs were divided into two groups and were fed a commercial normal diet (CND, n = 4) or a high-fat diet (HFD, n = 4) for 5 weeks. Coronary overstretch injury by balloon angioplasty or stent implantation was induced in the left anterior descending and left circumflex artery after 1 week of feeding. Histopathological analysis was performed at 4 weeks after coronary injury. During the experiment, the total cholesterol level in the HFD group increased by approximately 44.9% (from 65.9 ± 3.21 mg/dL at baseline to 95.5 ± 9.94 mg/dL at 5 weeks). The lumen area in the CND group was reduced in comparison with that in the HFD group after balloon angioplasty. After stent implantation, the injury score showed no significant difference. There were significant differences in the neointimal area (2.7 ± 0.33 mm2 in the CND group vs. 3.3 ± 0.34 mm2 in the HFD group, p<0.05), lumen area (2.6 ± 0.54 mm2 in the CND group vs. 2.0 ± 0.33 mm2 in the HFD group, p<0.05), and percent area stenosis (52.0 ± 7.96% in the CND group vs. 62.4 ± 5.15% in the HFD group, p<0.05). Body weight change was not different between the two groups. Increased serum cholesterol level activated vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation in the porcine coronary overstretch model.

Metformin (1,1-dimethylbiguanide hydrochloride), derived from French lilac (Galega officinalis), is a first-line anti-diabetic drug prescribed for patients with type 2 diabetes. However, the role of metformin in odontoblastic cell differentiation is still unclear. This study therefore undertook to examine the effect of metformin on regulating odontoblast differentiation in MDPC-23 mouse odontoblastic cells derived from mouse dental papilla cells. As compared to controls, metformin significantly accelerated the mineralization, significantly increased and accelerated the expressions of ALP and Col I mRNAs, and significantly increased the accelerated expressions of DSPP and DMP-1 mRNAs, during differentiation of MDPC-23 cells. There was no alteration in cell proliferation of MDPC-23 cells, on exposure to metformin. These results suggest that the effect of metformin on MDPC-23 mouse odontoblastic cells derived from mouse dental papilla cells, facilitates the odontoblast differentiation and mineralization, without altering the cell proliferation.

The aging of Korea is rapidly advancing in an unprecedented rate in the world. Indoor and outdoor safety accidents involving the elderly frequently occur, with elderly population increasing. Because the physical strength of elderly is decreased, it is necessary to develop devices that aid the everyday life of the elderly to prevent safety accidents. Among many activities, the motions of standing from and sitting on a chair require much physical strength from particular body parts, which causes an overload for particular body parts. To the elderly the repeating motion of standing from and sitting down on a chair is burdensome, because they do not have enough physical strength compare to young persons . As a result the elderly could be injured or falling during standing or sitting. Therefore, the development of a lift chair that considers the problems mentioned above is necessary to prevent the safety accidents of the elderly. The study designed a non-motorized lift chair that comfortably aids the standing and sitting down motion for the use of the elderly by reflecting the anthropometric data of the Korean elderly over 65 years old. Also the design was implemented to smoothly aid the standing motion by considering the knee angle of the elderly when standing. Because the regained strength to stand from a chair is depend on the knee angle. Unlike existing lift devices, this device utilizes a tilting mechanism that does not use electric power so that the product could be composed inexpensively than existing chairs released in the market.

Nutritive value analysis of feed is very important for the growth of livestock, and ensures the efficiency of feeds as well as economic status. However, general laboratory analyses require considerable time and high cost. Near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy (NIRS) is a spectroscopic technique used to analyze the nutritive values of seeds. It is very effective and less costly than the conventional method. The sample used in this study was a corn kernel and the partial least square regression method was used for evaluating nutrient composition, digestibility, and energy value based on the calibration equation. The evaluation methods employed were the coefficient of determination (R2) and the root mean squared error of prediction (RMSEP). The results showed the moisture content (R2val=0.97, RMSEP=0.109), crude protein content (R2val=0.94, RMSEP=0.212), neutral detergent fiber content (R2val=0.96, RMSEP=0.763), acid detergent fiber content (R2val=0.96, RMSEP=0.142), gross energy (R2val=0.82, RMSEP=23.249), in vitro dry matter digestibility (R2val=0.68, RMSEP=1.69), and metabolizable energy (approximately R2val >0.80). This study confirmed that the nutritive components of corn kernels can be predicted using near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy.

선충절대기생세균(Pasteuria penetrans)이 감염되어 있는 온실토양을 이용하여 세균의 내생포자가 땅콩뿌리혹선충(Meloidogyne arenaria) 유충 표면에 부착하는데 대한 온도의 영향에 대해 시험하였다. 갓 부화된 뿌리혹선충 2령충(J2)을 페트리디쉬 내의 토양에 접종한 후 20℃, 25℃, 30℃, 35℃에서 7일간 처리하였다. 모든 온도에서 내생포자의 J2 부착률은 모두 100%로 나타났으나 J2당 내생포자 부착수는 25℃에서 28.3개로 가장 많았으며 30℃, 20℃ 및 35℃에서 각각 J2 당 20.2, 18.6 및 13.6개로 낮아졌다. J2를 접종하기 전에 세균이 있는 토양을 온도 별로 10일간 전처리하였을 때 내생포자 부착률은 실온에서의 60%에 비해 -30℃, 4℃, 40℃, 50℃ 및 100℃에서 각각 25.0, 31.7, 8.3, 5.0 및 0%로 현저하게 낮아졌다. J2 당 내생포자 부착수도 실온에서의 5.3개에 비해 -30℃, 4℃, 40℃, 50℃ 및 100℃에서 각각 3.5, 4.3, 1, 1, 0개로 적었다. P. penetrans 세균의 내생포자를 뿌리혹선충 종별로 J2에 부착 시험한 결과 땅콩뿌리혹선충에서는 100%였으나 당근뿌리혹선충(M. hapla)과 고구마뿌리혹선충(M. incognita)에서는 모두 0%로 본 균주는 뿌리혹선충 종에 대해 기주선호성을 가진 것으로 나타났다.

Cleanroom could be largely classified into industrial cleanroom that can be contaminated by particles and bio-cleanroom that can be contaminated by biological particles. Electrical manufacturing companies producing precision machines and electrical parts essentially have industrial cleanroom facilities and clean technologies to produce defects free products due to particles. Industrial cleanroom should be controlled in respect of 4M1E to prevent from foreign materials of sub-micro unit and to keep out contamination sources from outside. In this paper, a concept for a quantitative methodology to measure the particles from running components was suggested by combining both newly making clean booth such as wear tester and laser particle counter.

In recent years, conventional streetlight is replaced by LED streetlight to reduce power consumption dramatically and to maximize lighting effects. However the characteristic of power LED itself driven by high current to increase the illumination, we need

Designers have to consider voice of customer, process capability, manufacturing standards & condition, manufacturing method, characteristics of products to decide tolerances. Especially, in case of position of hole and pin, designers have to consider process capability to decide tolerances. The traditional position tolerances used in a drawing are theoretical values which are allocated to position under the worst case assembling condition that both hole and pin are the maximum material condition(MMC). However, When the process capability is high, more exact product size can be produced under stable manufacturing condition. larger clearance of hole and pin can be allocated. In this point of view, manufacturer could increase the yield by allocating larger position tolerance than theoretical position tolerance of hole and pin considering process capability.