작물 재배 시 주요 해충 발생에 대해 한두 달 이상 앞선 계절전망이 가능하다면 농가의 해충관리 의사결정이 보다 효율적으로 이루어질 수 있을 것이다. 본 연구에서는 국내 해충 발생과 통계적으로 유의미한 원격상관관계에 있는 기후현상을 찾기 위해 Moving Window Regression (MWR) 기법을 활용하였다. 벼멸구의 발생과 비래는 장기간에 걸쳐 여러 지역에서 연속적으로 일어나는 사건이기 때문에 비슷한 시공간적 규모 를 갖는 기후현상과 통계적인 연관성을 가질 가능성이 높아 본 연구의 대상 해충으로 선택하였다. MWR 통계 분석의 반응변수로써 1983년부터 2014년까지 국내 벼멸구 발생면적 자료를 사용하였고, 10개의 기후모형에서 생산되는 10개의 기후변수를 예보 선행시간별로 추출하여 설명변 수로 사용하였다. 최종적으로 선정된 각 MWR 모형의 특정 시기와 지역의 기후변수는 연간 벼멸구 발생면적 자료와 통계적으로 유의한 상관관 계를 보였다. 결론적으로, 본 연구에서 개발한 MWR 통계 모형을 통해 국내 벼멸구 발생 위험도에 따른 선제적 대응을 위한 벼멸구 계절전망이 가능할 것으로 보인다.

A seasonal outlook for crop insect pests is most valuable when it provides accurate information for timely management decisions. In this study, we investigated the probable relationship between climatic phenomena and pest infestations in Korea using two statistical methods. Brown planthopper was selected because of its migration characteristics, which fits well with the concept of our statistical modelling – utilizing a long-term, multi-regional influence of selected climatic phenomena to predict a dominant biological event at certain time and place. The moving window regression (MWR) model showed high correlation between the national infestation trends of brown planthopper and some tempo-spatial climatic variables near its sequential migration path, while the climate index regression (CIR) model resulted in a relatively low correlation compared to the MWR model. Overall, the statistical models developed in this study showed a promising predictability for rice brown planthopper infestation in Korea, although the dynamical relationships between the infestation and selected climatic phenomena need to be further elucidated.

The IMGD (Insect Mitochondrial Genome Database; http://www.imgd.org) archives 113,985 partially sequenced hexapod mitochondrial genome entries (PMEs), providing various information such as the number of mitochondrial genes or taxonomic information. The 113,985 PMEs show most PCGs including much larger number of PMEs than rRNAs and tRNAs, and the family, genus, and species information are focused on five orders, Coleoptera, Diptera, Lepidoptera, Hymenoptera, and Hemiptera in 31 hexapoda orders. The alignment of 58,238 COI gene entries shows discordance in fragment length and portion, resulting DNA barcode using 5′-region cannot be applied for all COI gene entries overall hexapod orders.

식용 귀뚜라미를 고압증기멸균한 뒤 동결건조하였으며, 이를 분쇄하여 AL/PET/LLDPE film에 포장 후 25, 35 및 40℃에서 6개월 동안 저장하며 한 달 간격으로 품질변화를 측정하였다. 수분함량은 저장기간 중 모든 구에서 증가하 였으나, 저장 6개월 차에 저장온도별 유의적 차이는 없었다. 산가의 초기값은 1.83 mg KOH/g 이였으며, 저장 6개월 차에 25, 35 및 40℃ 저장구는 1.93, 2.04 및 2.15 mg KOH/g 으로 증가하였다. 지방산은 palmitic acid, oleic acid 및 linoleic acid가 24.79, 28.58 및 28.55 g/100 g으로 높은 함량 을 나타내었으며, palmitic acid 및 linoleic acid는 저장온도 별 증·감소의 경향이 뚜렷하지 않았으나, oleic acid는 저장 기간 중 감소하는 경향을 나타내었다. 일반세균 및 대장균 군은 저장기간 동안 검출되지 않았다. 관능검사의 경우 25 및 35℃ 저장구는 유의적 차이가 없으나, 40℃ 저장구는 유의적 차이를 나타내었다(p<0.05). 저장기간 중 품질에 영 향을 미치는 인자는 수분함량, 산가, oleic acid 및 flavor로 판단되었으며, 이들의 한계 기준을 각각 5%, 3 mg KOH/g, 26.5 g/100 g 및 6으로 설정하여 유통온도 25℃를 기준으로 VSLSF 프로그램으로 유통기한을 산출하였다. 수분함량, 산가, oleic acid 및 flavor의 유통기한을 산출한 결과 23, 61, 150 및 155개월이었으며, 유통기한이 가장 짧은 항목에 안전계수 0.8을 적용하여 18개월로 설정하였다. 이상의 결 과는 제조 후 25℃ 유통조건에서 18개월까지는 귀뚜라미 분말의 품질 안정성이 유지되는 것으로 판단되었다.

Insects have gained increasing attention as an alternative protein and nutrient rich food source for humans. This study was conducted to investigate the physicochemical characteristics and harmful components of edible crickets (Gryllus bimaculatus) in the 6 districts of Yeonggwang (YG), Jeongseon (JS), Wonju (WJ), Hwaseong (HS), Geochang (GC), and Chungju (CJ). The average crude protein and crude lipid contents on a dry basis were 64.34% and 16.60%, respectively. The crude protein content of CJ was the highest (67.40%), whereas YG (59.42%) had the lowest content. On the other hand, the crude fat content of YG was the highest (20.61%), whereas CJ (14.04%) had the lowest content. The unsaturated fatty acid contents were 57.97-63.93 g/100 g of the total fatty acid content in the crickets of the 6 districts. The major fatty acids of the crickets in the 6 districts were palmitic acid, oleic acid, and linoleic acid. Among the essential amino acids, valine, leucine, and lysine were the most abundant. GC had the highest total amino acids (57.93 g/100 g), whereas YG (48.65 g/100 g) had the lowest. Major mineral contents included potassium (K, 0.92~1.01 mg/100 mg) and phosphorus (P, 0.74~0.88 mg/100 mg). The mineral composition was fairly similar among the crickets. Crickets in the 6 districts were verified to have safe levels of residual heavy metals according to the Korea Food & Drug Administration (KFDA) advisory levels.

Reductions in the ozone column have led to substantial increase in UV-B radiation at the Earth's surface with the amount and intensity dependent on atmospheric and geographic factors. Our objectives were to understand the effect of UV-B radiation on photosynthesis and carbohydrate synthesis of soybean, and to establish an indicator to select resistant soybean cultivar against UV-B radiation. Soybean seeds (cv. Daepungkong) were sown and grown for 4 weeks in an environmentally controlled chamber. UV-B radiation was delivered to plants for four hours, each day, from 10:00 to 14:00 h by five fluorescent UV lamps. A distance of 1 m from lamps to the top of plants was always maintained throughout the experiment. The biologically effective UV-B radiation level was 21.6 kJ m-2 d-1 using the generalized plant responses action spectrum normalized at 300 nm. The damage of soybean leaves was optically observed at the second day of UV-B radiation, and leaf veins were first injured. Photosynthetic rate was reduced after 2 days of UV-B radiation, and, at 5 days, it was a half level (6.3 μmol m-2 s-1) compared with control (12.1 μmol m-2 s-1). UV-B radiation led to the reduction of stomatal conductance around 5 days of treatment. The decrease in stomatal conductance means the reduction of leaf transpiration and the influx of carbon dioxide. Also, the reduction of photosynthetic rate caused an accumulation of the intercellular carbon dioxide. It is suggested that photosynthetic characteristics can be used an indicator to select UV-B-resistant soybean cultivar.

The effects of UV-B radiation on the seedling growth, carbohydrate metabolism and antioxidants activities of rice (Oryza sativa L.) were investigated under environmentally controlled chamber. Supplementary UV­B radiation reduced dry matter as well as leaf area, there­fore, relative growth rates (RGR) of seedlings were decreased by up to half compared to control. Photosynthetic products such as soluble sugars and starch were rapidly and significantly reduced by within 1 day of enhanced UV-B radiation due to the inhibition and degradation of photosynthetic processes and thylakoid membrane integrity. In our study, nonstructural carbohydrate levels were proved to be a main indicator on UV-B­induced stress. The behavior of SOD, CAT, APX and POD activities was monitored in the leaves of rice seedlings subjected to UV-B radiation. Under UV-B treatments, SOD activity was initially increased, whereas CAT and POD activities were slowly and slightly increased. However, APX activity showed no presumable results with an increase of UV-B dose. In leaves of rice seedlings, supplementary UV-B radiation caused an increase in free putrescine and spermidine, however spermine remained unaltered, although 24-hrs UV-B treatment slightly increased. This result presumes that an excess UV-B dose may induce ethylene biosynthesis (senescence) rather than polyamine biosynthesis (defense).

This study was conducted to examine the physiological and biochemical responses against UV-B radiation in the seedling of 15 different rice cultivars, having the different physiological sensitivities. Out of 15 rice cultivars tested, moderate and susceptible groups showed significant decreases in biomass and RGR (relative growth rate). Contents of total chlorophyll were reduced remarkedly by irradiation of UV-B. In all rice cultivars tested, the content of chlorophyll a was strongly decreased, while the contents of chlorophyll b were slightly reduced without showing clear different among three groups and 15 cultivars. Carotenoid content was largely reduced by UV-B radiation, whereas polyamine content was moderately increased. The contents of MDA (malondialdehyde) that reflect the level of lipid peroxidation of cell membranes were clearly increased by UV-B stress, showing higher content in susceptible cultivars than moderate and torelant cultivars. The physiological important parameters highly related to visible injury were leaf color, chlorophyll, carotenoid, and lipid peroxidation, whereas biomass and polyamines were not closely correlated. Based on this results, it was concluded that changes of visible injury and the contents of chlorophyll and MDA could be adequately applied and utilized as physiological indicators to UV-B radiation