This study investigated the microscopic characteristics and genetic relationships of Ganoderma applanatum fruiting bodies. Basidiospores were brown, ellipsoid, and had one or two large vacuoles and a double wall. The surface of basidiospores was smooth or wrinkled and most had numerous small and shallow holes. The length and width of basidiospores of Ganoderma applanatum isolates GBGA-01, GBGA-02, ASI 50167, ASI 52821, ASI 52822, ASI 52823, and ASI 53399 were on average 7.6×4.8 mm, 7.9×4.6 mm, 7.7×4.9 mm, 8.2×5.3 mm, 7.7×5.0 mm, 8.0×4.9 mm, and 7.9×4.9 mm, respectively. In contrast, the basidiospores of Ganoderma lucidum isolate ASI 7125 were 7.7×5.2 mm. Using the universal ITS1/ITS4 primer set, the ITS region of the isolates were amplified and sequenced. The ITS sequences were very closely related to G. applantum isolate GBGA-01, GBGA-02, ASI 50167, ASI 52821, ASI 52822, ASI 52823 and ASI 53399, but were not the same species. Whereas, G. lucidum isolate ASI 7125 belongs to different group.

This study addresses the current demand of the Korean mushroom export industry to establish an export strategy and governing policies.The enoki mushroom exports increased by 89% in 2009 and 23% in 2010, resulting in the largest export volume (17,163 tons) and export value ($26,292,000) being recorded in 2010. In contrast, exports in 2020 yielded only $18,525,000, which was 29% lower than that in 2010. In case of king oyster mushrooms, exports increased by 10% in 2012, 13% in 2013, and 2% in 2014, maintaining a moderate-growth trend. Moreover, Korea’s mushroom exports are focused on a few specific countries. Enoki mushrooms accounted for more than 50% of the total exports to North America and Vietnam from 2012 to 2022, whereas king oyster mushrooms accounted for more than 50% of the total exports to Europe and North America (USA and Canada) from 2009 to 2022. Another characteristic trend in Korean mushroom exports is the diversification of export markets. The number of countries importing enoki mushrooms and king oyster mushrooms from Korea is increasing.

Green mold of Phellinus baumii caused by Penicillium was observed in Daegu on August, 2000. The causal fungus was identified as Penicillium citrinum based on their cultural and morphological characteristics. Conidiophores one-stage branched, terminating in a whorl of 3~5 metulae. Metulae mostly 5.2~7.8㎛. Phialides were flask-shaped, 5.7~7.5×2.2~2.7㎛. Conidia were subglobose, 1.8~2.3㎛ in size. Colonies on Czapek agar were mostly attaining a diameter of 23 ㎜ within 8 days at 25 . The optimum temperature for growth of the fungus was about 20~30℃. On the basis of mycological characteristics and pathogenecity test on host mushrooms, the fungus was identified as Penicillium citrinum. This is the first report on the green mold of Phellinus baumii caused by Penicillium citrinum in Korea. The present study was carried out to investigate the preventive effect of Penicillium citrinum by backfill (sand, granite soil, and smash rock). The result showed that the use of granite was 3~10% infection rate and sand was 2~10% infection of P. citrinum. However, the smash rocks showed no infection of this fungus. The chemical properties of smash rocks was pH 8.4, showing alkalinity. The sand and granite soil were pH 6.1 and pH 7.5, respectively. These did not have heavy metals such as Mn, Fe, Pb and As.

Green mold of Phellinus baumii caused by Penicillium was observed in Daegu on August, 2000. The causal fungus was identified as Penicillium citrinum based on their cultural and morphological characteristics. Conidiophores one-stage branched, terminating in a whorl of 3~5 metulae. Metulae mostly 5.2~7.8㎛. Phialides were flask-shaped, 5.7~7.5×2.2~2.7㎛. Conidia were subglobose, 1.8~2.3㎛ in size. Colonies on Czapek agar were mostly attaining a diameter of 23㎜ within 8 days at 25℃. The optimum temperature for growth of the fungus was about 20~30℃. On the basis of mycological characteristics and pathogenecity test on host mushrooms, the fungus was identified as Penicillium citrinum. This is the first report on the green mold of Phellinus baumii caused by Penicillium citrinum in Korea. The present study was carried out to investigate the preventive effect of Penicillium citrinum by backfill (sand, granite soil, and smash rock). The result showed that the use of granite was 3~10% infection rate and sand was 2~10% infection of P. citrinum. However, the smash rocks showed no infection of this fungus. The chemical properties of smash rocks was pH 8.4, showing alkalinity. The sand and granite soil were pH 6.1 and pH 7.5, respectively. These did not have heavy metals such as Mn, Fe, Pb and As.