Recently, it is requests the reduction of self-load at structure and the cross section reduction due to the trend of making higher, larger of buildings. But The experiment of Lightweight concrete is mostly implemented in Laboratory and is rarely implemented in patch plant for application of construction site. therefore, this study will be useful at base, when the lightweight aggregate concrete is applied to construction site. so We had a comparative experiment of physical performance with in laboratory and Batch plant for lightweight aggregate concrete.

본 연구에서는 월파조건에서 직립구조물을 따른 연파특성을 평면수조에서 수리실험을 통해 검토하였으며, 실험에 사용된 파랑은 Bretschneider-Mitsuyasu 주파수 스펙트럼을 가지는 일방향 불규칙파이다. 주된 내용은 상대여유고(R)의 변화에 따른 파고저감을 검토하는 것이며, 월파조건과 비월파조건에서의 파고계측 실험결과를 비교하였다. 상대여유고가 작아질수록 월파의 증대로 인해 상대유의파고는 감소하였으나, 연파 폭의 변화는 거의 나타나지 않았다. 그리고 본 실험조건 내에서 상대여유고가 1보다 큰 경우는 월파에 의한 파고저감효과가 거의 없는 것으로 나타났으며, R=0.5인 경우는 R=1.5인 경우에 비해 구조물 전면의 파고가 약 10% 저감되는 것으로 나타났다.

본 연구는 180° U형 실험수로와 1차원 개수로 부정·부등류 흐름 해석 모형인 HEC-RAS, 2차원 개수로 부정류 흐름 해석 모형인 RMA-2를 이용하여 만곡구간의 수위·유속 등의 수리특성을 비교하고, 실내 실험수로의 측정값과 1, 2차원 수치모형 결과의 차이점에 대해 비교 분석하는 것을 목적으로 하였다. 본 연구를 통해 1. 만곡구간의 수위는 HEC-RAS와 RMA-2의 결과가 유사한 양상을 보이는 반면 실험결과와는 다른 양상을 나타내었으며, 2. 만곡구간의 유속은 HEC-RAS와 RMA-2의 결과가 유사한 양상을 보이고 있으나 측점별 유속이 약 0.2m/s 편차가 발생한 반면, HEC-RAS와 실험결과는 대체적으로 오차범위 내에 포함되는 것으로 파악되었다.

The mean wind speed and turbulence intensity profiles in the atmospheric boundary layer were extracted from a LIDAR remote sensing campaign in order to apply for CFD validation. After considering the semi-steady state field data requirements to be used for CFD validation, a neutral atmosphere campaign period, in which the main wind direction and the power-law exponent of the wind profile were constantly maintained, was chosen. The campaign site at the Pohang Accelerator Laboratory, surrounded by 40~50m high hills, with an apartment district spread beyond the hills, is to be classified as a semi-complex terrain. Nevertheless, wind speed profiles measured up to 100m above the ground fitted well into a theoretical-experimental logarithmic-law equation. The LIDAR remote-sensing data of the sub-layer of the atmospheric boundary layer has been proven to be superior to the data obtained by conventional extrapolation of the wind profile with 2 or 3 anemometer measurements.

본 연구에서는 제방 축조재료로 사용되는 낙동강 모래의 응력-변형 거동특성 파악을 위하여, 삼축압축시험 등을 포함한 실내시험을 실시하였고, 조립재료의 거동 표현에 적합한 개별요소방법을 적용한 수치 모델링을 실시하였다. 개별요소해석은 삼축압축시험 과정을 모델링하였으며, 이때 이용된 미시물성치는 물성치 보정과정을 통해 산정되었다. 특정 구속압조건을 만족시키는 미시 물성치의 산정이 가능하다면, 이 미시물성치의 이용을 통해 다른 구속압조건 및 응력재하 조건에서의 거동예측에 있어, 개별요소방법이 매우 효과적으로 이용될 수 있음을 알 수 있었다.

The in vitro toxicities of three crude oils of the Hebei Spirit were examined on laboratory grown plankton, with a focus on the effects of a dispersant. The specific growth rate of phytoplankton and the mortalities of two zooplankton were measured in response to exposure to various concentrations of water accommodated oil, dispersant or both. The effects of the oils varied among the plankton, but were generally low within the range of the oil concentrations used, with little difference in toxicity among the three oils. Such low toxicity appeared to be associated with weathering of the crude oils. Exposure to the dispersant, however, dramatically increased the mortality of zooplankton, with complete inhibition of phytoplankton growth. No synergistic toxic effect was observed with the crude oil and dispersant combination. A better decision making process could be crafted for future application of dispersant in the event of an oil spill in Korean waters to better protect the marine plankton community from the excessive use of dispersant.

Experimental design for ecological restoration approach was investigated from the P' company's slag dumping area with higher pH value. The degree of pH recovery was measured by the injection of carbon dioxide from the LNG exhaust gas, and the residual carbon, for example, calcium and carbonate which can be controlled by artificial seaweed beds. The degree of adaptability from 3 algaes (Undaria pinnatifida, Sargassum horneri and Ecklonia stolonifera) and uptake nutrient function of Ecklonia stolonifera chosen in the first treatment were measured in the laboratory to determine the transplanting algae in artificial seaweed beds. The higher value of pH was decreased to 7.0∼8.5 by injection of LNG exhaust gas with flow rate 20 m3/min. In the experiment design at laboratory, the upper part of frond of Undaria pinnatifida and Sargassum horneri began to decay, and the color changed after 10 days. However, those of Ecklonia stolonifera were after 14∼20 days. The uptake rate of nutrient from Ecklonia stolonifera was higher than those of other algaes, and those was similar pattern in the control (e.g. seawater); The DIN concentration uptake of Ecklonia stolonifera was 1.88 ㎍/L/hr avg. in leachate, but 2.19 ㎍/L/hr avg. in seawater. However, the PO4 3-P concentration uptake was 0.18 ㎍/L/hr avg. in leachate, but 0.31 ㎍/L/hr avg. in seawater. These result indicated Ecklonia stolonifera uptaked these nutrients in the leachate as well as in seawater, and it may suggested for this species to transplant for constructing artificial seaweed beds.

본 연구에서는 환형수조를 이용한 일련의 퇴적실험을 수행하여, 염수조건(32 %o)에서의 고령토 퇴적물의 퇴적특성 산정 및 퇴적특성에 미치는 초기농도의 영향을 분석 검토하였다. 바닥전단응력을 변화시키면서 각기 다른 3가지 초기농도조건(1000, 5000, 15000 ppm)에서 총 37회의 퇴적실험이 수행되었으며, 퇴적실험 결과로부터 염수조건에서 고령토 퇴적물의 최소전단응력(또는 퇴적한계전단응력; )과 퇴적률 매개변수들()의 정량적 산정 및 초기농도와 염

본 연구의 목적은 최근 끝막이 공사가 완료된 새만금 인공호 점착성 퇴적물의 침식특성을 정량적으로 분석하는 것이다. 침식실험은 국내 최초로 제작되고 그 타당성이 검증된 전북대 환형수조를 이용하여 각기 다른 밀도를 갖는 균일저면 조건하에서 수행되었으며, 새만금 인공호 점착성 퇴적물의 침식한계전단응력 및 침식률계수가 정량적으로 산정되었다. 한편, 일반적으로 점착성 퇴적물의 침식특성은 퇴적물의 물리.화학적 기본특성에 따라 크게 변화하므로, 새만금 인공호 점착성

The objective of this study was conducted to evaluate the effects of poultry litter amendments on pH and soluble reactive phosphorus (SRP) in poultry litter. Two laboratory studies were conducted for 42 d in Exp. 1 and for 10 d in Exp. 2, respectively. The poultry litter was treated with various amendments which included 4 g fly ash and 4 g AlCl3 (AlCl₃.6H₂O)/100 g litter in Exp. 1 and 4 g alum(Al₂(SO₄)₃.14H₂O), 8 g alum, 8.66 g liquid alum, and 17.3 g liquid alum/100 g litter in Exp. 2; untreated litter served as controls. There were no differences in pH between control and T1(4 g fly ash) and SRP contents between T1(4 g fly ash) and T2(4 g AlCl₃) in Exp. 1. A significant difference in pH and SRP contents in Exp. 2 was observed among all treatments(P< 0.05). In experiment 1, T1(4 g fly ash) and T2(4 g AlCl₃) at 42 d decreased SRP in litter by 47.1% and 62.6% of that from litter alone, repectively. In experiment 2, T1(4 g alum), T2(8.66 g liquid alum), T3(8 g alum), and T4(17.3 g liquid alum) treatments at 10 days reduced SRP contents by up to 36.2%, 62.9%, 87.0%, and 83.9%, respectively, when compared with the controls. Decrease in SRP contents was chiefly associated with reduction in litter pH. These results indicate that use of various litter amendments to limit P solubility has potential and should be pursued as a means of reducing soluble reative phosphorus during short term.

Recently, robotic automation in clinical laboratory becomes of keen interest as a fusion of bio and robotic technology. In this paper, we present a new robotic platform for clinical tests suitable for small or medium sized laboratories using mobile robots. The mobile robot called Mobile Agent is designed as transfer system of blood samples, reagents, microplates, and any instruments. Also, the developed mobile agent can perform diverse tests simultaneously based on its cooperative and distributed ability. The driving circuits for the mobile agent are embedded in the robot, and each mobile agent communicates with other agents by using Bluetooth communication. The RFID system is used to recognize patient information. Also, the magnetic hall sensor is embedded to remove and compensate the cumulated error of locomotion at the bottom of mobile agent. The proposed mobile agent can be easily used for various applications because it is designed to be compatible with general software development tools. The Mobile agents are manufactured, and feasibility of the robot and localization of the agents using magnetic hall sensor are validated by preliminary experiments.

암석은 지표환경에 노출되면 오랜 세월동안 여러 요인에 의해 물리적 화학적 품화과정을 겪는다. 암석을 구성하는 광물 중 장석과 운모는 다른 광물들에 비해 가장 먼저 풍화되는 광물들이다. 자연계 풍화 화강암내에 존재하는 풍화 광물과 유사한 풍화 광물을 재현하기 위해 실내에서 신선한 광물과 산성용액과의 반응실험을 실시하였다. 흑운모의 경우, 낮은 pH조건에서 광물 용해 및 표면구조 파괴 현상이 초기에 시작되어 점차 진행되었고 사장석에서는 표면 침상 용해구조 발달 및 다량의 Al 성분의 침전물 형성이 두드러졌다. 강산조건에서는 모든 광물의 용해가 심화되었고 표면 용해구조가 뚜렷이 나타났다. 야외에서 관찰되는 광물표면의 용식각(etch pit) 및 표면 용해구조가 본 실험에서도 비슷하게 관찰되었고 광물 용해 및 풍화 조직이 광물 고유의 특성에 따라 발달됨을 알 수 있었다.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the characteristics of removal efficiency for aromatic hydrocarbons using a high-temperature fiber filter on a laboratory scale. The main elemental compositions of a high-temperature fiber filter are aluminium and silica, which can act as the catalysts. Benzene, toluene and o-xylene among aromatic hydrocarbons were used in this experiment. For 3㎝ thickness of fiber filter, these compounds were removed more than 90% at the face velocities of 3㎝/sec and 5㎝/sec above 450℃. For 4㎝ thickness of it, the removal efficiencies of these compounds were almost 90% from 400℃ at the same face velocities, suggesting that it may be due to increasing the contact time between the fiber filter and aromatic hydrocarbons. The pressure drop ranged from 22 to 48㎜H2O for 3㎝ thickness of fiber filter. However, for 4㎝ thickness of it, it was about two times(41-89㎜H2O) higher than that for 3㎝ fiber thickness.

The layer that is directly influenced by ground surface is called the atmospheric boundary layer in comparison with the free atmosphere of higher layer. In the boundary layer, the changes of wind, temperature and coefficient of turbulent diffusion in altitude are large and have great influences an atmospheric diffusion. The purpose of this paper is to express the structure and characteristics of development of mixed layer by using laboratory experiment and numerical simulation. Laboratory experiment using water tank are performed that closely simulate the process of break up of nocturnal surface inversion above heated surface and its phenomena are analyzed by the use of horizontally averaged temperature which is observed. The result obtained from the laboratory experiment is compared with theoretical ones from k-ε numerical model. The results are summarized as follows. 1) The horizontally averaged temperature was found to vary smoothly with height and the mixed layer developed obviously being affected by the convection. 2) The mean height of mixed layer may be predicted as a function of time, knowing the mean initial temperature gradient. The experimental values are associated well with the theoretical values computed for value of the universal constant C_T=0.16, our C_T value is little smaller than the value found by Townsend and Deardorff et al.