이 논문은 한국한시에 대한 언어의 일연구로 한자로 된 시어의 상징과 이미지에 관한 연구의 일환이며 그 새로운 텍스트로 문자유집에 천착한 연구이다. 이 책은 창작 년대나 작가에 대한 언급이 없고 목차와 유별로 나누어진 한자어들만 잔뜩 기록된 채로 책의 편찬의도와 내용을 소개하는 서문이나 발문이 없어서 정확한 용도를 잘 모르고 있었다. 이 책의 목차를 살펴보면 天道門 36조항, [地道門] 25조항, [萬物門],118조항, [人倫門], 52조항, [人事門],54조항, [君道門],29조항, [臣道門],13조항, [天官門]13조항, [地官門],45조항. [春官門],36조항. [夏官門],25조항. [秋官門],6조항. [冬官門], 9조항. 으로 분류하여 13개의 유목으로 나누어 정리하였다. 뒷부분에 두 글자, 세 글자, 네 글자로 된 한자어들이 순서대로 분류목외에 실려 있고, 사자성어가 분류 목을 떠나서 무려 900여개가 실려 있다. 총 13개 대목으로 분류하여 나누고 각 대목마다 각 세목으로 나누어 총 460여 항목에 일만여 개의 시어를 수록하고 있으며. 목판본으로 112면을 이루고 있다. 이 책은 한시의 창작을 위하여 고안된 일종의 시어 사전이다. 한시가 생활화된 당시 문자예술의 편의를 위해 만들어진 시어 사전으로 여러 가지 생활 주변에서 만들어 질 수 있는 시어를 정련하여 한시의 형식에 맞게 다듬어서 분야별로 엮어 놓은 것이다. 이 책에는 까다로운 한시형식에 적용될 수 있는 일만여 개의 시어들은 하나하나가 모두 글자 수와 음조와 대구가 고려된 것이다. 시어에 대한 조어의 묘에는 시인의 예술혼이 살아 숨 쉬며, 함축과 비유, 상징과 이미지, 압운의 음조미, 대구의 조응미 등의 문예미학이 주옥같이 서려 있다. 문자유집은 시어사전으로 비유사전이면서 동시에 이미지 사전이며 상징사전이다. 문자유집은 시어의 보고이며, 문자예술의 혼이 담긴 시어의 소우주이다.

Hong, Mi-ju. 2006. A Study on the Relation between Actual Pronunciation and Attitudes toward Standard Pronunciation. The Sociolinguistic Journal of Korea, 14(1). The objective of this study was to investigate university students's pronunciation, their knowledge of standard pronunciation, attitudes toward standard pronunciation through a questionnaire on the relation between actual pronunciation and attitudes toward standard pronunciation. Analysis of the questionnaire shows several notable results. University students make nonstandard pronunciation such as ㅅ→ㅆ, ㅈ→ㅉ in initial positions and in consonant clusters of a declinable word stem ㄺ→ㄹ, ㄼ→ㄹ. University students also show a good knowledge of orthoepy. They tend to think that people should follow orthoepy as much as possible but at the same time, people can make use of nonstandard pronunciation if the pronunciation is easier for speaker. The result on attitudes toward orthoepy showed that if a speaker's own pronunciation corresponds with standard pronunciation, people think they should observe orthoepy. Results regarding the pronunciation of consonant clusters of a declinable word stem ㄺ→ㄹ, ㄼ →ㄹ, suggest that standard pronunciation of a declinable word stem ending in ㄺ, ㄼ should be modified.

The Sociolinguistic Journal of Korea, 14(1). The objective of this study was to investigate university students's pronunciation, their knowledge of standard pronunciation, attitudes toward standard pronunciation through a questionnaire on the relation between actual pronunciation and attitudes toward standard pronunciation. Analysis of the questionnaire shows several notable results. University students make nonstandard pronunciation such as ㅅ→ㅆ, ㅈ→ㅉ in initial positions and in consonant clusters of a declinable word stem ㄺ→ㄹ, ㄼ→ㄹ. University students also show a good knowledge of orthoepy. They tend to think that people should follow orthoepy as much as possible but at the same time, people can make use of nonstandard pronunciation if the pronunciation is easier for speaker. The result on attitudes toward orthoepy showed that if a speaker's own pronunciation corresponds with standard pronunciation, people think they should observe orthoepy. Results regarding the pronunciation of consonant clusters of a declinable word stem ㄺ→ㄹ, ㄼ →ㄹ, suggest that standard pronunciation of a declinable word stem ending in ㄺ, ㄼ should be modified.

Cho, Tae-rin. 2006. Positions on the Status and the Signification of Sociolinguistics. The Sociolinguistic Journal of Korea 14(1). The purpose of this article is to examine the status and the signification of sociolinguistics by providing a comparative analysis of the various positions on this issue. Numerous positions have been distinguished too simply by denominations such as ‘OO sociolinguistics’ but have to be classified by criteria which show their essential difference (i.e., sphere of the object of study, relation with neighboring fields, autonomy as a field of science, epistemological viewpoint, consideration for the language user, viewpoint of the society, relation with real problems, etc.). After a brief examination of the logic, persuasiveness and limits of each position, this article clarifies its own position by offering a conceptual definition of sociolinguistics as a ‘study of the dynamic interaction between language, language user and social structure from a trans-disciplinary, hermeneutic and participatory point of view’. This discussion will contribute to elucidating the nature and the actual reality of sociolinguistics and exploring ideal ways toward its future development.

Cho, Tae-rin. 2006. Positions on the Status and the Signification of Sociolinguistics. The Sociolinguistic Journal of Korea 14(1). The purpose of this article is to examine the status and the signification of sociolinguistics by providing a comparative analysis of the various positions on this issue. Numerous positions have been distinguished too simply by denominations such as ‘OO sociolinguistics’ but have to be classified by criteria which show their essential difference (i.e., sphere of the object of study, relation with neighboring fields, autonomy as a field of science, epistemological viewpoint, consideration for the language user, viewpoint of the society, relation with real problems, etc.). After a brief examination of the logic, persuasiveness and limits of each position, this article clarifies its own position by offering a conceptual definition of sociolinguistics as a ‘study of the dynamic interaction between language, language user and social structure from a trans-disciplinary, hermeneutic and participatory point of view’. This discussion will contribute to elucidating the nature and the actual reality of sociolinguistics and exploring ideal ways toward its future development.

Yim, Young-cheol. 2006. A Study of Language Identity in Immigrant Communities. The Sociolinguistic Journal of Korea 14(1). This is a report on the linguistic life of Korean-Americans and Korean-Chinese, i.e., immigrants and their descendants who reside in the United States and China (mainly in Manchuria), respectively. A field study was conducted in the United States and China on the immigrants' consciousness and attitudes of the use of languages, i.e., Korean vs. English, and Korean vs. Chinese, respectively. Here, the transformation of Korean and what factors were responsible for changes in both communities were examined. Observation shows that first, Korean- Americans maintain a closer relationship with native Koreans than the Korean-Chinese do. However, the Korean-Chinese maintain a stronger community relationship among themselves. Second, Korean-Chinese maintain more coherent racial homogeneity than the Korean-Americans. Third, Chinese-Koreans seem to more easily adapt to Chinese culture than Korean-Americans do to American culture. Fourth, food is the most well-inherited and preserved culture in both communities. Fifth, Korean-Americans regard Spanish as a second foreign language; the Korean-Chinese people Japanese or English. Lastly, for both groups, there seem to be generational differences regarding language use and culture.

The Sociolinguistic Journal of Korea 14(1). This is a report on the linguistic life of Korean-Americans and Korean-Chinese, i.e., immigrants and their descendants who reside in the United States and China (mainly in Manchuria), respectively. A field study was conducted in the United States and China on the immigrants' consciousness and attitudes of the use of languages, i.e., Korean vs. English, and Korean vs. Chinese, respectively. Here, the transformation of Korean and what factors were responsible for changes in both communities were examined. Observation shows that first, Korean- Americans maintain a closer relationship with native Koreans than the Korean-Chinese do. However, the Korean-Chinese maintain a stronger community relationship among themselves. Second, Korean-Chinese maintain more coherent racial homogeneity than the Korean-Americans. Third, Chinese-Koreans seem to more easily adapt to Chinese culture than Korean-Americans do to American culture. Fourth, food is the most well-inherited and preserved culture in both communities. Fifth, Korean-Americans regard Spanish as a second foreign language; the Korean-Chinese people Japanese or English. Lastly, for both groups, there seem to be generational differences regarding language use and culture.

Motivated with the poetic utterance that "all this is signified by their language" as Heaney's own word, this essay shows that Seamus Heaney, not just by resisting past colonial domination with a decolonial literary system, has successively served for playing the colonial language in his poetic representation and finally achieved the poetic autonomy. Under and after the colonial experience, Most of Irish poets have continually struggled against English political system and its language as a colonial one. But Heaney has consistently defended poetry as agent for redressing injustices in the corrupt world and at the same time as something to be re-established and celebrated in his own right. The process of Haney's quest for playing colonial language of his Irish identity as a poet can be effectively understood by examining the way in which he employs the poetic of redress. The main subject of Heaney's poetry is to find out his Irish identification with the past linguistic tradition and its continuity. The subject is linked with the questioning of how to turn to playing the colonial language between English language and Irish language so called Gaelic which has been dominated by the ideology of colonialism. The major focus of this essay is in his redress of poetic language and playing colonial language as well as how he appropriate language in his poetry. In this regard, This essay tries to search for the true linguistic attitude which Heaney has made every effort to materialize in his poetry. In short, Heaney's poetics can help his writings maintain the positionality of the decolonial dicourse and the decolonial literature.

The review of previous studies on interlanguage pragmatics reveals that they have been modelled on cross-cultural pragmatics. However, in order for interlanguage pragmatics to contribute in the area of second language acquisition, it should examine how L2 pragmatic competence develops as L2 linguistic competence increases. Therefore, interlanguage pragmatics studies should be modelled on acquisitional pragmatics. As an effort to explore developmental features of pragmatic competence by linguistic proficiency, this study investigated the speech act behaviors of three linguistically distinctive groups. A total of 159 English learners, which consisted of high school 1st and 2nd graders, university freshmen, and university seniors, participated in this study. Their written responses to the 7 situations in the Discourse Completion Test (DCT) were analyzed in terms of response length, vocabulary, request forms, and the use of please. The three groups showed different behavioral patterns in the realization of requests and complaints, utilizing different linguistic strategies to be responsive to the social factors. For future research, expanding learner population to include very low and high level learners, developing a new research tool other than DCT, a more systematic grouping by linguistic proficiency were suggested.

This study focuses on constructing discourstics utilizing the methodology of linguistic analysis. Discourstics is a theory which analyses meaning and signification through context and discourse. This th∞ry originated from reflections on dichotomy, universalism, reductionism, and how we think of those characteristics as being part of diversity. The integrated study of discourstics is one area of linguistics that main1y deals with the construction of language. 1n discourstics, construction of the process of becoming discourse is examined. 1n view of this, ’text’ is a discourse unit within linguistics, ’statement’ is a pait of the text, ’arrangement (agencement)’ is the method of constructing statements. Contextualization and formation for processing and analyses of discourses are necessary. Contextualizing is the construction of context of the text through which the text becomes concrete. There are three paradigms: the value paradigm, the theme p따adigm， and the subjectivity p따adigm. Mea띠ng is constructed through contextualization and formation. This shows how the context is comprehended and how the meaning of communication through statements and discourse is significant. The effect of discourse strategy results in various signification. Therefore, discourstics is suggested to be an effective tool in analyzing the diversity and complexity of language in a social context.

Human language is an instrument of communication. In studying language change, we must consider the role of social factors in language change. Social class, gender, typically, intrigue language change. Lately, lexical diffusionist also consider the social factors like dialect borrowing, interaction of literary form and speech form. A new trends appear in the name of Socio-historical linguistics, which study the history of language and language change in the relation of social context. In studying history of chinese langauge, we consider the role of social factors, then we will make progress in understanding history of chinese langauge

This article explores how the conflicting ideological positions of two leading Korean newspapers, Chosun Ilbo and Hankyoreh Shinmun, are linguistically represented in the editorials dealing with the recent controversy concerning the abolition of the 'National Security Laws'. Within the framework of Critical Discourse Analysis, this article examines topics and key values at the macro-level, as well as transitivity, reference to and predications about actors, and rhetorical strategies at the micro-level. This study reveals that there are important qualitative and Quantitative differences at each level between the two newspapers, and argues that, in keeping with the 'ideological square' of positive self-presentation and negative other-presentation suggested by van Dijk (2000), these differences can be seen as reflecting and reconstructing the two newspapers' institutional identities as mass media representing conservatism and liberalism, respectively.

This study attempts to analyze the honorific system in Middle Age Korean through a sociolinguistic approach. Although this area has been researched from many viewpoints so that mentioning the status or necessity of the honorary hierarchy in Korean is unnecessary, it is not an exaggeration to state that there has not been any previous research to explain it from a sociolinguistic perspective. The reason is that it is difficult to explain the speaking environment and the relationship to listeners dearly because the language data in the fifteenth century exist in the form of literature. Considering the aspects of use or characteristics of the honor hierarchy, in roost cases a sociolinguistic perspective is necessary and should be applied to Middle Age Korean. This study defines the honorific system in Middle Age Korean as an 'absolute honor hierarchy' as opposed to a 'relative honor hierarchy' and aims to show the reason why there was a 'language step change' at that time. Furthermore, the importance of the 'solidarity' relationship in the real situation of society where the principle of 'power' dominated was explored.

This paper explores the language policy of Singapore and characteristics of Singapore English with reference to the sound system, pronunciation, grammar, and vocabulary. The multi-ethnic nation Singapore has four official languages: Malay, Chinese, Tamil, and English. The former three represent the three major ethnic groups in Singapore, whereas English serves as lingua franca among the ethnic groups. Singapore English has four major varieties of acrolect, upper mesolect, lower mesolect, and basilect. The pronunciation of Singapore English is different from Received Pronunciation, and the grammar deviates from standard English. Singapore English also has various lexical items which are borrowed from background languages. Exploring language policy in Singapore and distinctive features of Singapore English, this paper attempts to contribute to a better understanding of the dynamic nature of English as an international language, and to examine its utilization in effective cross-cultural communication in a global society.