Porous Cu-14 wt% Co with aligned pores is produced by a freeze drying and sintering process. Unidirectional freezing of camphene slurry with CuO-Co3O4 powders is conducted, and pores in the frozen specimens are generated by sublimation of the camphene crystals. The dried bodies are hydrogen-reduced at 500oC and sintered at 800oC for 1 h. The reduction behavior of the CuO-Co3O4 powder mixture is analyzed using a temperature-programmed reduction method in an Ar-10% H2 atmosphere. The sintered bodies show large and aligned parallel pores in the camphene growth direction. In addition, small pores are distributed around the internal walls of the large pores. The size and fraction of the pores decrease as the amount of solid powder added to the slurry increases. The change in pore characteristics according to the amount of the mixed powder is interpreted to be due to the rearrangement and accumulation behavior of the solid particles in the freezing process of the slurry.

Natural killer (NK) cells are innate lymphocytes that aid in the protection of the host from infectious diseases and cancer. Regulation of cytotoxicity in NK cells is mediated by inhibitory receptors that bind major histocompatibility complex class I (MHC-I) molecules on target cells. Human myelogenous leukemia K562 cells are readily attacked by NK cells, because K562 cells expressed very low levels of MHC-I molecules for inhibitory NK cell receptors. In this study, we compared the ability of γ-irradiated- or mitomycin C (MMC)-treated K562 feeder cells to support expansion and activation of canine NK cells. We isolated CD5 negative cells from canine peripheral blood mononuclear cells by immunomagnetic separation and co-cultured with γ-irradiated (100 Gy)- or MMC (20 μg/mL)-treated K562 cells in the presence of interleukin (IL)-2, IL-15 and IL-21 for 21 days. As a result, number of CD5 negative cells, co-cultured with γ-irradiated- or MMC-treated K562 cells (56.72 ± 13.77 fold or 32.99 ± 10.83 fold), was increased than those of CD5 negetive cells (2.99 ± 1.42 fold). Also, we found that gene expression markers of activated NK cells such as NKp30, NKp44, NKp46, Ly49, NKG2D, CD244, perforin, and granzyme B and production of interferon gamma were similarly upregulated in NK cells co-cultured with γ-irradiated- or MMC-treated K562 cells, respectively. Next, we observed that cytotoxicity of NK cells co-cultured with γ-irradiated K562 cells was more sensitively reacted to canine mammary carcinoma cells than those of MMC-treated K562 cells. These results revealed that γ-irradiated K562 cells are more efficient feeder cells than MMC-treated K562 cells for enhancing NK cells expansion and activation.

Background: Augmented somatosensory feedback stimulates the mechanoreceptor to deliver information on bodily position, improving the postural control. The various types of such feedback include ankle-foot orthoses (AFOs) and vibration. The optimal feedback to mitigate postural sway remains unclear, as does the effect of augmented somatosensory feedback on muscle co-contraction. Objects: We compared postural sway and ankle muscle co-contraction without feedback (control) and with either of two forms of somatosensory feedback (AFOs and vibration). Methods: We recruited 15 healthy subjects and tested them under three feedback conditions (control, AFOs, vibration) with two sensory conditions (eyes open, or eyes closed and the head tilted back), in random order. Postural sway was measured using a force platform; the mean sway area of the 95% confidence ellipse (AREA) and the mean velocity of the center-of-pressure displacement (VEL) were assessed. Co-contraction of the tibialis anterior and gastrocnemius muscles was measured using electromyography and converted into a cocontraction index (CI). Results: We found significant main effects of the three feedback states on postural sway (AREA, VEL) and the CI. The two sensory conditions exerted significant main effects on postural sway (AREA and VEL). AFOs reduced postural sway to a level significantly lower than that of the control (p = 0.014, p < 0.001) or that afforded by vibration (p = 0.024, p < 0.001). In terms of CI amelioration, the AFOs condition was significantly better than the control (p = 0.004). Vibration did not significantly improve either postural sway or the CI compared to the control condition. There was no significant interaction effect between the three feedback conditions and the two sensory conditions. Conclusion: Lower-extremity devices such as AFOs enhance somatosensory perception, improving postural control and decreasing the CI during static standing.

Salacca peel-based porous carbon (SPPC) with high surface area (1945 m2 g−1) and large specific pore volume (1.68 cm3 g−1) was prepared by pre-carbonization and K2CO3 activation method. Based on the TGA results, it can be estimated that up to 70 wt% of sulfur-active materials could be infiltrated into the pores of SPPC to form SPPC/S composite cathode for LiS battery. The porous structure of SPPC could act as a buffer layer against volume expansion and minimize the shuttle effect due to the penetration of intermediate polysulfides during cycle tests. Optimization on sulfur loading (50, 60 and 70 wt%) in SPPCC/S composite was also investigated. It was found that the SPPC/S composites with 60 wt% of sulfur loading had the best electrochemical performances. With 60 wt% of sulfur loading, SPPC/S composite electrodes showed excellent electrochemical performances in terms of high initial specific discharge capacity of 1006 mAh g− 1 at 0.5 C and capacity retention of 71% until the 100th cycle. For both cases of low and high sulfur loading, they caused much worse electrochemical performances. Based on the experimental results, it can be concluded that porous carbons derived from the salacca peel were promising materials for sulfur loading in LiS battery.

Using first-principles theory, we investigated the adsorption performance of CoN4- CNT towards six small gases including NO, O2, H2, H2S, NH3, and CH4, for exploiting its potential application for chemical gas sensors. The frontier molecular orbital theory was conducted to help understand the conductivity change of the proposed material at the presence of gas molecules. The desorption behavior of gas molecules from CoN4- CNT surface at ambient temperature was analyzed as well to determine its suitability for sensing application. Results show that CoN4- CNT is a promising material for O2 and NH3 sensing due to their desirable adsorption and desorption behaviors while not appropriate for sensing NO due to the poor desorption ability and for sensing CH4 and H2 given the poor adsorption behavior. Our calculation would provide a first insight into the CoN4- embedded effect on the structural and electronic properties of single-walled CNT, and shed light on the application of CoN4- CNT towards sensing of small gases.

본 연구에서는 주류공장 내 고농도 CO2 제거 및 포집을 위해 L-alanine 흡수제를 적용하여 CO2 흡수, 탈리 효율을 평가 후 재생 성능을 확인하였다. 탈리공정의 효율적인 처리를 평가하기 위해 실험 실 규모에서 Hot plate, Steam 두가지 탈리 방법을 비교하였으며 Hot plate는 약 10%, Steam의 경우 약 60%의 재생효율을 확인하였다. 따라서 주류공장 내 100m3/min 실증화 규모에 Steam-Tower 탈리공정을 적용하여 최적조건을 평가한 결과 탈리 유량 4L/min 이하, Steam 온도 160℃ 이상, 탈리효율 85.5%로 확 인할 수 있었다.

Wood sawdust from an invasive arboreal species, Parkinsonia aculeata, and seeds from a tropical fruit of massive consumption, Pouteria sapota, were used as precursors for the development of activated carbons (ACs) directed to CO2 adsorption. Chemical activation employing KOH as activating agent and pre-established experimental conditions was applied. Main physicochemical properties of the ACs in relation to their CO2 adsorption performance were examined. The ACs developed from the wood sawdust and the seeds presented specific surfaces areas of 770 and 1000 m2 g−1, respectively, with their porosity development resulting essentially microporous (< 2 nm). They also showed a similar content of acidic surface groups, but basic functionalities of the former duplicated those of the latter. Maximum CO2 adsorbed at equilibrium (273 K and 100 kPa) was 5.0 mmol g−1 and 4.4 mmol g−1 for the samples derived from the sawdust and the seeds, respectively. On the other hand, CO2 adsorption capacities mimicking post-combustion conditions, as evaluated from thermogravimetric assays and breakthrough curves obtained in a packed-bed column, were approximately 1 mmol g−1, indicating a good CO2 adsorption performance for both ACs. Nevertheless, those derived from the wood sawdust with a notorious preeminence of micropores (~ 93%), narrower pore size distribution centered around 1 nm, and a higher content of basic functionalities than the ACs obtained from the seeds showed a relatively better performance. The CO2 removal capacity of the activated carbons was not noticeably affected after five CO2 adsorption–desorption cycles, with both samples almost keeping their initial CO2 adsorption capacity.

느타리버섯 곤지7호의 수확 후 CO2 처리에 의한 품질 유지 효과 및 적정 처리 농도를 구명하고자 연구를 수행하였다. 수확한 버섯을 3°C에서 1일간 예냉 후에 CO2 농도 0, 30 및 50%에서 3시간 처리한 다음 20 μm 두께 OPP필름 봉지에 밀봉하여 3°C에 21일 저장하였다. 30% CO2 처리에서 대조직의 경도가 저장 21일까지 높게 유지 되었고, 대조직의 색은 명도(CIE L*값)가 30% CO2 처리 한 느타리버섯이 저장 14일, 21일에 높고 황색도(CIE b* 값)가 저장 2일, 7일에 낮게 나타났으며 외관품위가 저장 7일부터 저장기간 내내 대조구와 50% CO2 처리에 비해 높았으며 3°C 저장 중 17일까지 느타리버섯 곤지7호의 상품성을 유지하였다. 30% CO2 농도로 3시간 처리가 느타리버섯 곤지7호의 저온저장 중 품질 유지기간을 연장할 수 있는 수확 후 처리방법으로 판단되었다.

본 실험은 CAM 식물인 칼랑코에(Kalanchoe blossfeldiana) 에 이산화탄소 시비 및 다양한 일장처리를 통한 생육반응을 조사하여 탄소자원화 기술 도입 방안을 모색하고 고품질 분화 묘 생산을 하고자 수행되었다. 실험은 서울여자대학교 ICT스마트형 유리온실에서 실시하였으며, 공시 재료는 칼랑코에 Kalanchoe blossfeldiana ‘Lion’, ‘Fikalrudak’ 두 품종이다. 일장은 8시간, 12시간, 16시간으로 처리하였으며 이산화탄소는 22:00~04:00에 평균 400㎛ol･mol-1(대조구)와 800㎛ol･mol-1로 처리했다. 엽수는 칼랑코에 ‘Lion’ 품종의 경우, 8시간과 12시간 일장에서, 칼랑코에 ‘Fikalrudak’ 품종의 경우, 8시간 일장에서 이산화탄소 농도 상승에 따라 증가하였다. 초장은 품종에 관계없이 일장 8시간에서 이산화탄소 농도를 400㎛ol･mol-1에서 800㎛ol･mol-1로 증가시킬 때 감소하였다. 칼랑코에 ‘Lion’ 품종에서, 미성숙엽의 엽장과 엽폭은 이산화탄소 농도 상승에 따라 일장 8시간과 12시간에서 증가하였다. 하지만, 칼랑코에 ‘Fikalrudak’ 품종의 미성숙엽 엽장과 엽폭은 이산화탄소 농도에 영향을 받지 않아 품종에 따른 반응 차이가 있는 것으로 판단된다. 마디수는 품종과 일장에 관계없이 이산화탄소 농도를 800㎛ol･mol-1로 증가시켰더니 증가하였으며, 개화소요일 수는 이산화탄소 농도에 영향을 받지 않았다. 개화는 품종에 따라 차이가 있었으며 칼랑코에 ‘Lion’ 품종에서는 8시간과 12시간 일장에서, 칼랑코에 ‘Fikalrudak’ 품종에서는 8시간 일장에서 나타났다. 이상의 결과로 칼랑코에는 이산화탄소 농도에 관계없이 단일 조건에서만 효과적으로 개화하며, 이산화탄소 시비는 칼랑코에 잎의 생산과 마디 생산을 촉진시킬 수 있었 다. 그러나 이산화탄소 고농도 시비는 칼랑코에 개화 품질에 부정적인 영향을 줄 수 있으므로 시비 단계, 품종 등에 따른 적합한 시비 방법이 다르게 적용되어야 한다.