사시력표 투영기용 한글 및 아라비아 숫자 시표를 제작하였다.59명의 대학생을 대 상으로 전체 크기가 5X5단위를 이루도록 설계한 한끌문자 18 개와 5X4단위를 이루 도록 설계한 아라비아 숫자 9 개에 대한 상대가독성을 측정하였다. 우안과 좌안을 서 로 다른 시험렌즈로 운무시킨 상태에서 각 시표를 읽을 수 있는 거리를 측정하여 Strong과 Woo가 사용한 방법으로 각 시표의 상대가독성을 측정하였다. 한글 문자 및 아라비아 숫자에서 가독성이 크게 차이나는 시표똘 제외시키고 한글 시표 13개와 아라비아 숫자 시표 7개의 서체를 약간 수정하고 다시 가독성을 측정하여 사력 0.1 부 터 1.5까지 각 줄에 4개씩 배치될 시표의 가독성의 합이 비슷한 12가지 조합을 선돼 하였다.

With the continuous development of economic globalization, international trade has become an indispensable part of the world economy, and the research object of this paper is one of the commonly used settlement methods in international trade business — Letter of Credit. The Letter of Credit has the bank as the guarantee, which has a high degree of reliability, so the number of enterprises using this settlement method is increasing year by year. However, at the same time, the incidence of letter of credit fraud cases is also gradually increasing. According to the data, import and export enterprises, banks and financial institutions all over the world suffer a lot from L/C fraud every year. Reducing the occurrence of L/C fraud is a very necessary topic in the current world economic development, which is of great significance to maintain the stable development of international trade. As there are no special laws and regulations against L/C fraud in the world, the prevention of L/C fraud mainly depends on the import and export enterprises themselves, banks, financial institutions and judicial departments of various countries. Through case analysis, this paper elaborates the causes, ways, prevention and relief of L/C fraud from the perspectives of importers, exporters and banks, and summarizes the common means of L/C fraud, hoping to provide some reference value for readers of this paper in the prevention and response of L/C fraud.

A new rose variety, ‘Love Letter’ was selected from the progenies of a cross between ‘Red Giant’ and ‘Ensemble’ by rose breeding team of the Gyeonggi-Do Agricultural Research and Extension Services(GARES) in 2011. ‘Love Letter’ was crossed in 2007 and seedlings were produced. After the test of specific characters from 2008 to 2011, it was finally selected and named. ‘Love Letter’ was developed because of distinctive characters such as growth uniformity and high yielding potential. A standard type with large sized flower, It has red(Red Group 46A) color flower. ‘Love Letter’ takes 43 days from pruning to blooming and cut flower productivity was 152 stems/m2 in a year. The stems of cut flower have no thorn and the length was long with 70.5 cm. It has 9.3 cm in flower diameter and 32.4 in petal numbers per flower. Vase life of the this cultivar could be as long as 12 days.

This article is composed to give some clues for researching Corpus Ignatianum continuing since 1960s through interpreting the letter to Romans. It contains some unique and special points, namely martyrdom as the main theme, not monepiscopacy. About the martyrdom of Ignatius only one letter says, that is Polycarp’s letter to Philippians. But in this letter Ignatius appears not only as dead(9, 1) but as living.(13, 1) It could make so interpret, that the unknown person Ignatius has somehow found the Polycarp’s letter and disguised himself as Ignatius. That means the Corpus Ignatianum. is pseudonymous. It’s terminus post quem must lie later than Polycarp’ letter. And seeing the praising Polycarp so many times in almost every letter we could believe, that the Corpus Ignatianum had to be composed after the dead of Polycarp as martyr, namely A.D. 165. Then the insist of some experts ‘the Corpus Ignatianum appears during the reign of the emperor Marcus Aurelius’ could be acceptable. So, the end of the letter to Romans, in which the pseudo-Ignatius who might have not died did hope so eagerly to die for God as demanding the Romans not to prevent his martyrdom, is not to hope a martyrdom, but to confirm the authority of the author of the Corpus Ignatianum. Ignatius wrote the letter to Romans in order to realize the idea of the Corpus Ignatianum, that is, monepiscopacy. Then man must accept the idea the seven letters couldn’t be sent to the addressees in every letter, but to one. For example in the letter to Polycarp he talks in the beginning to Polycarp, but from chapter 6 to the Church Smyrna. More than this, in the letter to Smyrna the name of the renowned bishop Polycarp is astonishingly not mentioned. In this researching situation the church in Rome has been called the addressee(Schmithals), because of no mentioning the names of bishop and the members. But this fact couldn’t be the master key into the solving the problem, because it is of nature, that the person coming to Rome for the first time does not know their names. On the contrary, the letter to Smyrna deliver in the thank and farewell address several names clearly, but first in a name of some Philon of Cilicia and then in his own name. It says, that Ignatius knows the milieu and persons in the church Smyrna very well. Every letter has some relation with the name Smyrna. Moreover regarding no mentioning Polycarp in the letter man could so speculate, that the Corpus Ignatianum is composed to subside the accurately unknown problems in the Smyrna after the martyrdom of Polycarp. Though the monepiscopacy against some heresies, especially the docetism of gnosticism, is persuaded unanimously in every letter, the chief concern of the Corpus Ignatianum is to earn the stability of the church Smyrna.

The primary purpose of this paper is to descriptively analyze the syntactic aspects of the Middle English version of Letter of Alexander the Great to Aristotle. Of the three extant ME manuscripts, examined was Dimarco & Perelman`s edition (1978) chiefly based on the manuscript in Cambridge, University Library MS. Mm.5.29 which is believed to be virtually identical to the Latin origin. The main concerns of this paper are focused on the linear orders of such phrases as noun/adject, verb/adverb, genitive/noun, and preposition/noun, and some syntactic aspects are also discussed on passive, tense, word order patterns, etc.