Pseudisobrachium is one of the biggest genera with 190 species from the world including one extinct species from France. In Korea, only one species, P. koreana Lim, has been recorded. The ecological information of Pseudisobrachium is poorly studied, however, it was recorded that Pseudisobrachium species are found associated with various ants in several previous studies. As results of taxonomy studies on the Korean bethylids, a new species of Pseudisobrachium is discovered based on one female specimen which was collected from Cheongsong county (Gyeongbuk province) by Malaise trap in 2008. This is the first record of female of the genus in Korea. A taxonomic discussion on the genus Pseudisobrachium, diagnosis and diagnostic characteristics of the new species are provided.

This study explored the effects of note-taking training on Korean college students’ notes during academic English listening tests. A total of 61 college students were randomly assigned to two different groups: Group A that later received training in note-taking strategy and Group B that did not. Group A received note-taking strategy training on three separate times, totaling 60 minutes (30 minutes, 15 minutes, and 15 minutes) that spread out over two months. The two groups took listening tests before and after Group A was trained. The results showed the positive effects of the notetaking training in relation with the groups’ note-taking behaviors. After training, the trained group used more and frequent notes whereas the untrained group’s number of notes decreased. Individual students who drastically increased the number of notes after training (in Test II) showed more systemic framework of notes for Test II than before training (in Test I). The present study is meaningful in that it utilized the different analyzing methods on the quality of notes compared with previous studies.

During a survey of marine algal flora, a red algal species was collected from Giseong, Uljin located on the eastern coast of Korea. This species has the generic features of Cryptonemia belonging to Halymeniaceae, and is characterized by the presence of erect foliose thalli arising from a discoid holdfast, somewhat fan-shaped blade with an evanescent midrib at the base, narrow main axes with blade-like wings of slightly undulate margin, a perennial stalk, and entwined filamentous medulla with refractive stellate cells. In a phylogenetic tree based on rbcL sequence, the Korean alga nests in the same clade with C. lomation from France and C. seminervis from Spain. Genetic divergence among the sequences within the clade was not recognized thus suggesting that both the species are conspecific. The name C. lomation considered to be valid nomenclaturally is accepted for the entity. Based on the morphological and molecular analyses, the Korean alga is identified as C. lomation, originally described from Italy. This confirms the occurrence of C. lomation in Korea. The species appears to be distributed in the temperate region influenced more or less by the North Korea Cold Current.

Editor’s Note

Asaphinae Ashmead, 1904 are the smallest subfamily in Pteromalidae and currently include 27 extant species of 6 genera. Up to date, only 2 species, Asaphes suspensus (Nees) and A. vulgaris Walker, have been recorded from South Korea. Among them A. vulgaris Walker is suspected of misidentified due to several reasons. Hyperimerus Girault, a small genus of the subfamily Asaphinae, consists of two world-wide species. It is close to Asaphes Walker but is separated by the following characteristics: antenna with one anelliform segment; scutellar frenum not distinct; petiole transverse. In this study, we report genus Hyperimerus based on Hyperimerus pusillus (Walker) for the first time from South Korea and Eastern Palearctic region. Also, a key to the genera of Asaphinae from South Korea, diagnosis, photographs of each species and taxonomic note of A. vulgaris Walker are provided.

Editor’s Note

For four times, zooplankton collection were conducted seasonally in October 2015- July 2016 at five sites located in the wet lands of the lower Han River, ie., Si-am, Sung-dong, Gong-reung stream, San-nam and Jang-hang. A total of 46 species of zooplankton were collected, which comprise 25 species of rotifers, seven cladocerans, ten copepods, and one species of nematod, ostracod and decapod, respectively. No brackish and marine species were distributed except for two species of brackish water copepods. Prosperity in the species number of 15 species was observed in October at Sung-dong and Jang-hang. The maximum abundance was recorded in March at Si-am with 8,000 indiv. L-1 with the explosion of Brachionus calyciflorus. Other sites also showed high abundances in March with the abundance higher than 5,000 indiv. L-1. Except in March, the abundance levels were recorded as less than some hundred indiv. L-1 throughout the study. Species diversity varied between 0.4-1.8. The gut contents of the copepodite showed that various diatoms might be their major food items, and lots of unidentified materials were also observed. The environmental conditions of water temperature, pH and dissolved oxygen content showed to vary 10.1-28.2°C, 7.1-8.6 and 4.5-11.0 mg L-1, respectively.

Editor’s Note

We are happy that we could read again two essays by senior scholars: one is “Yeats as a Philosopher” by G. S. Fraser, who knew well all major poets of 20th century, including Yeats, Eliot, and Pound: a talk he gave to the Oxford Poetry Society in about 1965. Enjoy being with one of the most brilliant minds in the 20th century; the other is “The Topography of Yeats’s Poetry” by Kim Jong Gil; he is a good poet himself, and shows us how to read a great poet, like Yeats, who makes facts poetically true: a place in a poem is more than mere fact. Two essays, “From Roots to Routes: W. B. Yeats and World Literature” by Seongho Yoon and “‘Lapis Luzuli’ as Radiator of Chinese Culture: Chinese Landscape Painting and the Toaist” seem very useful and interesting: Yoon demonstrates that world literature is to enrich international literatures: Yeats is a good example; Zhang Yuejun and Zhou Dan say that Yeats may have been influenced by Chinese culture and painting, which seems relevant, as this particular poem was based on an actual Lapis Lazuli landscape. In this issue a total of 16 essays discuss a variety of topics. Of these, two talk about Yeats’s plays: Young Suck Rhee’s on The Unicorns from the Stars, which claims that the play deserves a better treatment as a good play; Joon Seog Ko’s “The Absence of Middle Way and Tragic Love in Sophocles’s Women of Trachis” discusses the importance of keeping the middle way in life. The rest of the authors treat various subjects: Hiroko Ikeda compares On Baile’s Strand and an Irish legend; Chang-gyu Seong treats the problem of absence in Sooyoung Kim and Seamus Heaney; Kyu-Myung Lee talks about Yeats and Žižek’s vision of presence; Hanmook Lee analyzes sound and sense in Yeats; Hong-pil Lee studies the Noh in Yeats; Jung-Myung Cho discusses the significance of dream in Yeats’s poetry; Hie Sup Choi writes on Yeats’s war poetry; Tae Ho Han’s essay is on Yeats’s low mysticism from the view point of Zen poetics; Sung Sook Hong searches for Sweeneys in Heaney’s poetry; Young Suck Rhee reviews Alexaner Bubb’s new book, Meeting without Knowing. All of this issue’s 16 essays deserve attention. Yeats scholars will, I hope, find each of them interesting and informative, each of them adding up to the enrichment of Yeats studies.

나사니엘 호손의 작품은 청교도 사상에 기초한 원죄론에 입각하여 개인과 공동체와의 관계를 다룬다. 개인과 공동체를 바라보는 그의 관점은 형제애 사상에 뿌리를 두고 있는데, 인간의 타락을 전제로 한다. 인류의 조상 아담의 원죄로 인해 모든 인간이 질병과 고통과 죽음으로부터 벗어날 수 없게 되었다고 본다. 하지만 타락으로 인해 오히려 신의 은총을 받게 되고, 유한한 인간이 지니는 공통점으로 인해 인류가 한 형제가 되는 계기를 갖게 된다고 이해한다. 호손은 죽음을 향해 나아가는 인류가 ‘인간애라는 자기력을 띤 사슬’에 서로 얽혀 있기 때문에 자신에게 주어진 고유한 역할을 감당하며 서로 형제로서 마땅히 동정심을 베풀어야 한다고 주장한다. 따라서 형제애를 부인하는 죄는 용서받을 수 없는 죄가 된다. 『아메리칸 노트』에 수록된 여러 단상들은 그의 형제애 사상을 반영한다. 다정하게 부부처럼 엮여 자라는 농장의 식물들, 서로 유대관계가 있음을 느끼며 상대방에게 동정심을 보이는 개와 돼지들, 얼룩덜룩한 카펫처럼 배타성을 잃지 않으면서도 통일성을 유지하는 들판의 풍경, 온정의 씨앗을 뿌리며 다니는 새처럼 마을을 옮겨 다니는 부랑자들. 이러한 이미지들은 인류 공동체가 한 형제임을 암시한다.