The concept of co-creation with consumers has been extensively studied in the literature documented in innovation management and marketing literatures. In this study, we contribute to the literature threefold. First, we develop a model to investigate how co-creation with fans enhance purchase intent and engagement of other customers. Second, we test the model using the data collected from consumers on four different product categories including beer, car, cosmetics and travel. By doing so, we examine the differences between product vs. service as well as different product categories. Third, we will compare the results with that of ordinary consumers to check if there are any differences in the case of co-creating with fans. Most of the extant studies have found a positive effect of co-creation on the outcome evaluation. However, engaging other consumers by co-creation with fans has not been studied. For bridging this research gap, we developed a conceptual model to investigate the antecedents and consequences of co-creation with fans. The hypotheses are as follows. H1: Product class involvement and domain specific knowledge affect perception on co-creation positively. H2: Perception on co-creation affects purchase intent and word-of-mouth positively. H3: The relationships of H1 and H2 differs depending on product categories. H4: The relationships of H1 and H2 differs if companies work with ordinary customers or fans. We tested the hypotheses with the data collected from consumers an online questionnaire survey. Data collection was conducted through a market research agency in 2016 for beer and cars, and in 2019 for cosmetics and travel. The data was collected from 240 consumers in their 20s, 30s, and 40s in Japan. Each segment has same number of males and females, 40 people each for six segments. The findings shed a new light on the co-creation literature and help companies to design better co-creation with fans in different product and service categories.

본 연구에서는 세라믹 중공사 접촉막 모듈을 이용하여 CH4/CO2 혼합가스에서 CO2 분리 실험을 수행하였다. 높은 성능의 접촉막 모듈을 제작하기 위해 고투과성 중공사막의 제조 실험을 진행하였으며, 제조한 중공사막은 N2 기체투과실험을 통해 투과 성능을 평가하였다. 최종적으로 고투과도 중공사막을 이용하여 CH4/CO2 혼합 기체 분리를 위한 Hollow fiber membrane contactor (HFMC)를 제작하였다. 실험에는 CH4/CO2 혼합 기체(34.5% CO2, CH4 balance)와 monoethanolamine (MEA) 를 사용하였으며, CO2 제거 효율이 흡수제의 유량에 따라 어떠한 영향을 받는지 평가하였다. CO2 제거 효율은 액체유량이 증가함에 따라 같이 상승하였으며, CO2 흡수 flux 또한 액체유량과 함께 증가하는 결과를 보였다.

Wood sawdust from an invasive arboreal species, Parkinsonia aculeata, and seeds from a tropical fruit of massive consumption, Pouteria sapota, were used as precursors for the development of activated carbons (ACs) directed to CO2 adsorption. Chemical activation employing KOH as activating agent and pre-established experimental conditions was applied. Main physicochemical properties of the ACs in relation to their CO2 adsorption performance were examined. The ACs developed from the wood sawdust and the seeds presented specific surfaces areas of 770 and 1000 m2 g−1, respectively, with their porosity development resulting essentially microporous (< 2 nm). They also showed a similar content of acidic surface groups, but basic functionalities of the former duplicated those of the latter. Maximum CO2 adsorbed at equilibrium (273 K and 100 kPa) was 5.0 mmol g−1 and 4.4 mmol g−1 for the samples derived from the sawdust and the seeds, respectively. On the other hand, CO2 adsorption capacities mimicking post-combustion conditions, as evaluated from thermogravimetric assays and breakthrough curves obtained in a packed-bed column, were approximately 1 mmol g−1, indicating a good CO2 adsorption performance for both ACs. Nevertheless, those derived from the wood sawdust with a notorious preeminence of micropores (~ 93%), narrower pore size distribution centered around 1 nm, and a higher content of basic functionalities than the ACs obtained from the seeds showed a relatively better performance. The CO2 removal capacity of the activated carbons was not noticeably affected after five CO2 adsorption–desorption cycles, with both samples almost keeping their initial CO2 adsorption capacity.

Recently, metal cases are widely used in smart phones for their luxurious color and texture. However, when a metal case is used, electric shock may occur during charging. Chip capacitors of various values are used to prevent the electric shock. However, chip capacitors are vulnerable to electrostatic discharge(ESD) generated by the human body, which often causes insulation breakdown during use. This breakdown can be eliminated with a high-voltage chip varistor over 340V, but when the varistor voltage is high, the capacitance is limited to about 2pF. If a chip capacitor with a high dielectric constant and a chip varistor with a high voltage can be combined, it is possible to obtain a new device capable of coping with electric shock and ESD with various capacitive values. Usually, varistors and capacitors differ in composition, which causes different shrinkage during co-firing, and therefore camber, internal crack, delamination and separation may occur after sintering. In addition, varistor characteristics may not be realized due to the diffusion of unwanted elements into the varistor during firing. Various elements are added to control shrinkage. In addition, a buffer layer is inserted in the middle of the varistor-capacitor junction to prevent diffusion during firing, thereby developing a co-fired product with desirable characteristics.

온실가스의 주범인 이산화탄소를 효과적으로 분리하기 위하여 이산화탄소와 친화성이 좋은 에틸렌글리콜 사슬이 도입된 폴리설폰 기반의 고분자와 아민이 기능화된 ZIF8 무기입자 (ZIF8-A) 를 복합화한 유무기 복합 기체분리막 (MMM)을 제조하였다. 제조된 분리막은 XRD, TGA, FT-IR, SEM 및 NMR 분석을 통해 분리막의 구조와 물성특성을 확인하였다. CO2/N2, CO2/CH4에 대한 가스 투과 특성을 조사하였고, 그 결과 ZIF8-A 구조 내 아민 함량 증가에 따라 이산화탄소에 대한 투과도 및 선택도가 증가하는 경향을 나타냈다. 이는 ZIF8-A 구조 아민기능기와 에칠렌글라이콜 사슬과의 입자와의 계면저항성이 낮은 것에 기인한 것으로 판단하였다.

The impact of customer involvement in NSD on customer loyalty is still unknown, because most studies examine loyalty perceptions of only active participants in co-creation, while the few studies involving co-creation observers provide conflicting results. Research is also limited, as it measures user participation only at the design level, while customers are empowered to participate at all NSD stages. This study contributes to the literature by developing a model capturing the various levels of customer involvement in NSD co-creation and then, measuring its impacts on two type of user loyalty: brand loyalty and loyalty on innovation community. Data were collected from users of the Domino’s Mogul pizza toolkit empowering them to participate in all NSD stages and also to become pizza entrepreneurs by designing and selling their pizzas. Findings comparing the brand loyalty and the innovation community loyalty perceptions of users with various levels of co-creation involvement provide useful insights.

Carnation (Dianthus caryophyllus L.) ‘Purple Beauty’ at micropropagation stage 3 was cultured under two levels each of medium sucrose concentration (0 and 30 g·L-1), photosynthetic photon flux density (50 and 200 μmol·m-2·s-1 PPFD), and CO2 concentration (350 and 1,000 μmol·mol-1), in a factorial experimental design, consisting of all eight possible treatment combinations. Shoot tip explants, obtained from in vitro-grown plantlets, were cultured on 50 mL agar-solidified Murashige and Skoog medium per container. Each culture container was sealed with a rigid lid vented by a high-efficiency particulate air filter attached to a 10 mm diameter hole made in the lid center, with an estimated number of 2.8 air exchanges per hour. All cultures were maintained for four weeks at 24°C/22°C (day/night) temperatures, 70%–80% relative humidity, and a 16 h/8 h (day/night) photoperiod was provided by white light-emitting diodes. The treatment combining high light intensity (200 μmol·m-2·s-1), high CO2 concentration (1,000 μmol·mol-1), and without supplementation of sucrose to the medium (i.e., photo-autotrophic conditions) resulted in better plantlet growth and development, with higher values being observed in terms of total fresh weight, tissue water content, leaf length, leaf width, and total chlorophyll content than in plantlets grown under the other treatments.

SIFSIX-3, containing a coordinative complex of hexafluorosilicate, transition metal ions, and the organic ligands, is a subclass of metal-organic frameworks (MOFs). SIFSIX-3 is considered a high capacity adsorbent for CO2 capture due to the enriched interaction sites of fluoride groups in SIFSIX. Also, SIFSIX-3-Zn is known to have an appropriate effective aperture size for efficient CO2/CH4 separation. In this work, we successfully incorporated different metal-based SIFSIX-3 crystallites into polyimide (PI) matrix and demonstrated that the associated mixed matrix membranes improved CO2/N2, CO2/CH4 and CO2/CO separation performance compared to pristine polyimide membranes due to the excellent molecular sieving behaviors of SIFSIX crystallites.

지구온난화 문제 해결을 위하여 효율적인 CO2 포집 기술 개발이 활발히 이루어지고 있으며, 최근 분리막, 흡수 공정의 하이브리드 기술인 접촉막 공정이 주목받고 있다. 본 연구진은 2014년부터 열적, 화학적 안정성이 뛰어난 세라믹 소재의 중공사막을 적용한 접촉막 공정을 개발해오고 있다. 대규모 공정 실증을 위하여 세라믹 중공사막 기공 구조 제어 기술부터 소수성 코팅, 모듈 디자인 및 배치, 공정 구성 최적화 등을 연구하였다.

MOF는 높은 표면적, 균일한 공극, 크기를 가지는 새로운 클래스의 porous material 이다. MOF는 금속과 organic linker가 coordination 결합에 의해 연결되어 있고, 온도에 대한 강한 안정성을 나타내고, 높은 표면적 때문에 촉매, 분리, 개스저장 등 다양한 분야에 적용될 수 있는 잠재력이 풍부하다. MOF는 zeolite보다 높은 표면적을 가지고 작용기를 organic linker에 따라 쉽게 바꿀 수 있는 장점 때문에 최근에 많은 관심을 받게 되었다. 다양한 MOF가 합성되었고 CO2/N2 선택도, 흡착량, 수분과 산성가스에 대한 안정성이 분석되었다. 최종적으로 선택된 MOF는 폴리머와 결합하여 하이브리드 멤브레인을 만드는 데에 사용되었다.

작물의 생산량은 광합성과 밀접한 관계가 있으며, 광합성 속도는 다양한 환경 요인에 의해 변화한다. 광합성 속도는 작물의 생육 상태나 생육 속도를 판단하는 지표로 사용되며, 작물 재배 시설을 구축하는 데 고 려해야 하는 중요한 요인이다. 이 연구의 목적은 광도, CO2 농도 및 생육 단계에 의해 변화하는 로메인 상추 의 군락 광합성 속도 모델을 개발하는 것이다. 군락 광합성 속도는 정식 후 5, 10, 15, 20 일차에서 5단계의 CO2 농도(600-2,200μmol·mol-1)와 5단계의 광조건(60-340μmol·m-2·s-1)이 처리된 3개의 밀폐 아크릴 챔버(1.0 × 0.8 × 0.5m) 내에서 측정하였다. 먼저 세 가지 환경 요인을 사용하는 식들을 곱하여 만든 단순곱모델을 구성 하였다. 이와 동시에 생육 시기에 따라 변화하는 광화학 이용효율과 카르복실화 컨덕턴스, 호흡에 의한 이산화탄소 발생 속도를 포함하는 수정 직각쌍곡선 모델을 구성하여 단순곱 모델과 비교하였다. 검증 결과, 단순곱 모델의 R2는 0.923이었으며, 수정 직각쌍곡선 모델의 R2는 0.941을 나타내었다. 따라서 수정 직각쌍곡선 모델 이 광도, CO2 농도, 생육 단계의 3 변수에 따른 군락 광합성 속도를 표현하는 데 더욱 적합한 것으로 판단하 였다. 본 연구에서 개발된 군락 광합성 모델은 식물공장에서 상추 재배를 위해 생육 단계별로 설정해야 할 최 적의 광도와 CO2 농도를 결정하는데 도움이 될 것으로 생각된다.

아민 흡수제를 이용한 CO2 포집용 충전탑 기술의 문제점으로 제기되고 있는 범람, 거품, 과다한 재생 에너지 등을 해결하기 위하여 최근 접촉막 기술이 주목받고 있다. 연구자들 대부분은 고분자 분리막을 이용하여 접촉막 기술을 개발 하고 있으며, 장기 운전 시 팽윤 현상에 의한 성능저하 문제가 제기되고 있다. 세라믹은 고분자 소재에 비해 화학적, 열적안정성이 뛰어나기 때문에 아민 흡수 제에 대한 팽윤 현상을 방지할 수 있다. 본 연구에서는 세라믹 중공사 접촉막의 기공구조 제어 기술을 개발하고, CO2 포집 특성을 분석하였다.