PS-N-heterocyclic carbene-metal catalysts were prepared using chloromethyl polystrene bead via two-step reaction. For the preparation of novel catalyst, imiazolium chloride salt provided ionic liquid moitery. The formation of metal complex with the polymer-supported N-heterocyclic carbene ligand was analyzed by XRD, FT-IR, SEM and EDX the reaction possibility was founded by viscosity measurement.

In the companion papers (I, II), site-specific response analyses were performed at more than 300 domestic sites and a new site classification system and design response spectra (DRS) were proposed using the results of the site-specific response analyses. In this paper, the proposed site classification system and the design response spectra are compared with those in other seismic codes and verified by different methods. Firstly, the design response spectra are compared with the design response spectra in Eurocode 8, KBC 2016 and MOCT 1997 to estimate quantitative differences and general trends. Secondly, site-specific response analyses are carried out using VS-profiles obtained using field seismic tests and the results are compared with the proposed DRS in order to reduce the uncertainty in using the SPT-N value in site-specific response analyses in the companion paper (I). In addition, site coefficients from real earthquake records measured in Korean peninsula are used to compare with the proposed site coefficients. Finally, dynamic centrifuge tests are also performed to simulate the representative Korean site conditions, such as shallow depth to bedrock and short-period amplification characteristics. The overall results showed that the proposed site classification system and design response spectra reasonably represented the site amplification characteristic of shallow bedrock condition in Korea.

First of all, Fe or/and Mn immobilized granular activated carbons (Fe-GAC, Mn-GAC, (Fe, Mn)-GAC) were synthesized and tested to remove arsenate (As(V)). The results in batch test indicated that Fe-GAC removed As(V) effectively, even though the surface area of Fe-GAC was reduced largely. Moreover, adsorption isotherm test indicated that the experimental data fit well with Langmuir model and the maximum adsorption capacity (qmax) of Fe-GAC for As(V) was 3.49 mg g-1, which was higher than GAC (2.24 mg g-1). In column test, the simulated water, which consisted of As(V), Fe(III), Mn(II) and Ca(II) in tap water, was used. Fe-GAC column with 1 hr of pre-washing time treated As(V) effectively while GAC column removed Fe(III) better than Fe-GAC column. Moreover, the increasing pre-washing time from 1 to 9 hour in Fe-GAC column enhanced Fe(III) removal with little negative impact of As(V) removal. Mostly, the column filled with Fe-GAC and GAC (i.e. the mass ratio of Fe-GAC:GAC = 2:8) showed the higher treatability of both As(V) and Fe(III), even it operated with 1 hr pre-washing time.

Quinto Edward Jay Mansarate. 2015. “Dichotomizing Ideological Representations in President Benigno Aquino III's October 30th Address”. The Sociolinguistic Journal of Korea 23(2). 65~95. On October 30th 2013, Philippine President Benigno S. Aquino III addressed the Filipino people in a 12-minute televised speech, in which he defended the government's spending program, Disbursement Acceleration Program (DAP), against accusations of it being the President's version of lawmakers' Priority Assistance Development Fund (PDAF) or ‘Pork Barrel.’ This paper examined ideological representations through a systematic discourse analysis of the 19-paragraph, 1851-word speech. In particular, the paper examined lexical choices within the bounds of ‘biased lexical items’ in political discourse (van Dijk 2005) and ‘referential strategy’ (Wodak, De Cillia & Reisigl 1999). Analysis of data pointed to the polarization of pronouns representing ‘US’ and ‘THEM.’ Data also revealed that positive-self and negative-others representations were achieved through the use of two strategies in van Dijk's (1998) ideological square: (i) emphasis of good things about ‘US’ and (ii) emphasis of bad things about ‘THEM.’ These strategies framed the President and his administration under good governance and administration accomplishments, while framing the critics and opposition as enemies of good governance and part of a failed past. The President's discursive choices reinforced the underlying ideological implication, ‘the Disbursement Acceleration Program is not pork barrel.’ The paper closes with some implications for future research. (200)

LNG 방열 시스템의 선형 동적해석 모델을 사용하여 슬로싱 충격 압력을 구조해석에 적용 시 사용되는 이상화된 삼각파 압력에 대해서 검토하였다. 삼각파 압력의 최대값, 지속시간, 비대칭성의 충격파에 대한 구조 안전성 평가를 위해서 멤브레인 구조의 허용기준과 슬로싱 압력에 관련된 간략화된 파괴압력에 대해 검토하고, 슬로싱 충격 압력의 지속시간과 비대칭성으로 특징 지워진 이상화된 삼각파 형상의 압력을 고려한 일련의 선형 동적해석을 수행하여 설계기준으로 사용할 파괴압력을 도출하였다. 본 논문에서 제시한 방법을 통해서 방열시스템 구조 요소의 안전성을 평가하기 위한 파괴 압력을 선정할 수 있고 모형실험을 통한 슬로싱 압력과의 비교를 통하여 방열시스템의 구조안전성을 평가할 수 있을 것이라 판단된다. 또한 해석결과를 통해 방열시스템에서의 최대 응력은 매우 짧은 순간의 충격하중 하에서는 압력의 비대칭성 보다는 하중 지속시간에 많은 영향을 받고 있음을 검토하였다.

예이츠는 후기시에서 다양한 춤 이미지를 사용하여 현실에서 실재를 추구하였다. 이러한 실재의 추구과정을 1)무용수의 내면세계의 의식변화를 투영하고, 2)인간의 윤회를 제시하여 현재의 이 순간의 중요성을 강조하며, 3)가이어의 순환처럼 인간의 의식이 생성과 소멸하는 것을 제시했다. 이러한 실재의 추구과정에서 춤 이미지는 4)삶과 죽음, 무아경과 평정심의 경계를 구분하는 출입구의 역할을 하여 5)사중생과 생중사를 넘어서 궁극적 실재를 성취하도록 견인하는 상징적 이미지었다. 그리고 춤 이미즈는 인간의 삶의 모순이 비극적 환희로 해결되어 현재의 이 순간에서 궁극적 실재의 완성을 드러내는 상징이었다. 요컨대 예이츠는 무용수의 춤 이미지로 인간이 궁극적 실재를 완성할 수 있다는 방법을 제시했다. 그 결과 예이츠에게 있어서 춤은 자신의 삶과 연인이며, 시와 극작품이며, 시 쓰기과 상상력이었다.

Failure modes and effects analysis (FMEA) is a widely used engineering tool in the fields of the design of a product or a process to improve its quality or performance by prioritizing potential failure modes in terms of three risk factors―severity, occurrence, and detection. In a classical FMEA, the risk priority number is obtained by multiplying the three values in 10 score scales which are evaluated for the three risk factors. However, the drawbacks of the classical FMEA have been mentioned by many previous researchers. As a way to overcome these difficulties, this paper suggests the ELECTRE III that is a representative technique among outranking models. Furthermore, fuzzy linguistic variables are included to deal with ambiguous and imperfect evaluation process. In addition, when the importances for the three risk factors are obtained, the entropy method is applied. The numerical example which was previously studied by Kutlu and Ekmek‡ioğlu(2012), who suggested the fuzzy TOPSIS method along with fuzzy AHP, is also adopted so as to be compared with the results of their research. Finally, after comparing the results of this study with that of Kutlu and Ekmek‡ioğlu(2012), further possible researches are mentioned.

Apolipophorin III (apoLp-III) is a multifunctional protein that is involved in lipid transport and innate immunity in insects. In this study, an apoLp-III protein that exhibits antibacterial activity was identified in honeybees (Apis cerana). A. cerana apoLp-III cDNA consists of 193 amino acids that share high protein sequence identity to other members of the hymenoptran insect apoLp-III family. A. cerana apoLp-III is expressed constitutively in the fat body, epidermis, and venom gland and is detected as a 23-kDa protein. A. cerana apoLp-III expression is induced in the fat body after injection with Escherichia coli, Bacillus thuringiensis, or Beauveria bassiana. However, recombinant A. cerana apoLp-III (expressed in baculovirus-infected insect cells) binds directly to E. coli and B. thuringiensis but not to B. bassiana. Consistent with these findings, A. cerana apoLp-III exhibited antibacterial activity against Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria. These results provide insight into the role of A. cerana apoLp-III during the innate immune response following bacterial infection.