The subfamily Cylloceriinae were recorded 33 species of three genera, Allomacrus Förster (five species), Cylloceria Schiødte (27 species) and Rossemia Humala (one species), worldwide. The genus Cylloceria can be recognized by following characters: head and face wider than high; anterior margin of clypeus impressed; basal flagellomeres strongly elongate; mesoscutum with distinct notauli; tarsal claw simple; ovipositor long, equal or longer than metasoma. In male of Cylloceria, 3rd and 4th antennal flagellomeres with tyloids of specific shape, which is semicircular emargination and rather deep and distinct. In this study, Korean species of the genus Cylloceria Schiødte are reviewed. Five species of Cylloceria and the subfamily Cylloceriinae are reported for the first time from South Korea, including one new species. Description with photographs of the new species, diagnoses, and a key to South Korean species of Cylloceria are provided.

줄뭉툭맵시벌속은 전세계에 145종이 분포하는 비교적 큰 맵시벌 그룹이다. 줄뭉툭맵시벌속은 동구북구 지역에 41종이 기록되어 있으나, 한국에는 8종만이 기록되어 있다. 본 연구에서는 한국산 줄뭉툭맵시벌속 내 13종을 재고찰 하고자 한다. 추가적으로, 미기록 5종을 한국에 처음으로 기록하였으며, 한국산 줄뭉툭맵시벌속의 검색표와 재기재문, 사진을 제시 하였다.

본 연구에서는 검정꼬마자루맵시벌속 (Cremastus Gravenhorst, 1829)과 가시자루맵시벌속 (Pristomerus Curtis, 1836)의 3미기록종 (Cremastus crassitibialis Uchida, 1940, Pristomerus rufiabdominalis Uchida, 1928 and P. scutellaris Uchida, 1932)을 우리나라에 처음으로 보고 한다. 이 중 검정꼬마자루맵시벌속은 국내에서 처음으로 기록되는 속이다. 본 연구결과인 3 미기록종을 포함하여 현재 배자루맵시벌아과는 국내에 4속 11종이 기록되어있다. 본 논문에서는 한국산 배자루맵시벌아과의 속 검색표, 미기록종의 재기재문 및 이미지를 제공하였다.

본 연구에서는 기생성 맵시벌과의 4종에 대하여 새로운 숙주를 보고하고자 한다. 4종의 맵시벌과는 황오색나비 (나비목: 네발나비과), 밤색하 늘소 (딱정벌레목: 하늘소과), 황다리독나방 (나비목: 독나방과)의 번데기에서 각각 발견되었다. 본 논문에서는 맵시벌과 4종의 간략한 식별형질과 사진정보, 황다리독나방에 기생하는 맵시벌과의 목록을 제시 하였다.

Fivenewly recorded subfamilies, Diacritinae, Microleptinae, Orthocentrinae, Orthopelmatinae, and Phrudinae, were the small and rare subfamilies of the family Ichneumonidae except Orthocentrinae. The first subfamily Orthocentrinae have been reported 31 genera with 481 species worldwide but we have a very poor knowledge of this subfamily in Korea. This subfamily is known for larval koinobiont endoparasitoids of Diptera (Humala, 2008). The second subfamily Diacritinae have been reported six species in the world and distributed four species in the Eastern Palaearctic (Yu et al., 2012). The third subfamily Microleptinae have been recorded only one genus with 13 species in the world. Among them 10 species are distributed in the Eastern Palaearctic. The fourth subfamily Orthopelmatinae have been reported nine species of one genus in the world, five species in the Eastern Palaearctic. The final subfamily Phrudinae have been reported 29 species in the world, five species in the Eastern Palaearctic. The subfamily Eucerotinae have been recorded 50 species in the world and four species from Korea. This subfamily is known for hyperparasitoids of Ichneumonoidea (Wahl & Sharkey, 1993). In this paper we report not only five newly recorded subfamilies new to Korean fauna but also eight newly recorded species included two species of Eucerotinae for the first time from Korea.

Genus Litochila Momoi belonging to the tribe Hemigasterini is represented by eight species from Korea, China, Japan, Taiwan and India. Modern taxonomic revision of this genus was carried out by Kaur (1988). He and Chen (1996) enlarged the genus by adding one species, L. guizhouensis He & Chen from the oriental part of China. They provided a key to Chinese species and descriptions without including L. sinensis Kaur which was previously reported from Fujian, China by Kaur (1988). As a part of a large revisionary work of the subfamily Cryptinae, four species, L. nohirai (Uchida), L. carbonaria (Smith), L. jezonica (Uchida) and L. sinensis, are recognized from Korea. L. carbonaria. L. sinensis and L. jezonica are reported from Korea for the first time. The species L. guizhouensis is synonymized with L. sinensis. The distinction of females of two closely resembling species, L. carbonaria and L. jezonica, is possible by the number of flagellar segments, the shape of mesopleurum and second tergite, but males are difficult to identify. Momoi and Okamoto (1965) relied on the number of tyloids to identify them, and Kaur (1988) used the shape of postpetiole except for such character. However, our observations revealed these characters are not useful in relating these males, because many variations were found in these characters. Therefore, further DNA studies will be required to resolve this controversy.

Probles is apredominantly Holarctic genus with about 44 species in the Palearctic region (Yu et al. 2012). Palearctic fauna of Probles is rather irregularly studied: West European species were revised by Horstmann (1971, 1981; Horstmann and Kolarov 1988), and Palearctic species of five small subgenera, Microdiaparsis Horstmann, Probles s. str., Rhynchoprobles Horstmann, and Rugodiaparsis Horstmann, were reviewed by Khalaim (2003), whereas the most species rich subgenus, Euporizon Horstmann, is virtually unknown outside Europe. Only two species of Euporizon, P. (E.) sibirica Khalaim, 2007 from Mongolia and Russian Siberia and P. (E.) vulnifica Khalaim & Sheng, 2009 from the Palearctic part of China, are known to occur in the East Palearctic region, and one Oriental species, P. (E.) vietnamica Khalaim, 2011, was recently described from Vietnam (Khalaim, 2011; Khalaim and Sheng 2009). Some species of Probles were recorded as parasitoids of the beetle families Ciidae, Curculionidae, Endomycidae, and Melandryidae in Europe (Horstmann 1971, 1981). In this paper, we describe three closely related new species of Euporzon belonging to one species-group. Three closely related species of the genus Probles Förster, P. fulgida sp. n., P. korusa sp. n., and P. rukora sp. n. differ from other Palearctic species of the genus based on a combination of long and weakly sinuate apically ovipositor and short temple. A portion of the key for identification of this species-group is provided here.

Rhyssinae Morley, 1913 is a relatively small group belonging to the family Ichneumonidae and recorded 286 species in eight genera from the world. Most rhyssines are Idiobiont ectoparasitoid of wood boring Symphyta and Coleoptera. South Korean Rhyssinae were poorly known. In the recent study of the Rhyssinae of South Korea, only four species belonging to the genera Megarhyssa and Rhyssa, have been reported: M. gloriosa (Matsumura), M. jezoensis (Matsumura), M. praecellens (Tosquinet) and R. persuasoria (Linnaeus). Five genera of the subfamily Rhyssinae (Epirhyssa, Megarhyssa, Rhyssa, Rhyssella and Triancyra) are recognized in South Korea. Two genera, Megarhyssa and Rhyssa, were previously recorded from South Korea, whereas the other three genera are recorded for the first time in Korea. A key to the five genera of Rhyssinae occurring in South Korea is provided. Genus Epirhyssa is reviewed here, and a key to the four species (E. latimandibularis (Hu & Wang), E. moiwana Matsumura, E. sapporensis Uchida and E. nigrithorax sp. nov.) is provided.

Tribe Banchini isa cosmopolitan tribe comprising 228 species within 11 genera whereas only three genera (Banchus, Exetastes and Rynchobanchus) have been recorded from Korea. The species of this tribe is koinobiont endoparacitoid that parasitize exposed large caterpillars, especially those pupating in the ground. For this reason, tribe Banchini has very short ovipositor when compared with that of other tribe. It is easily distinguished from two other tribes by the nervellus which is intercepted far from the middle and by having large areolet and very short ovipositor. Genus Exetastes belonging to Banchini is a largest group with 150 worldwide species. The Eastern Palaearctic region is represented by 48 species, but only five species, E. albiger Kriechbaumer, E. fornicator (Fabricius), E. ichneumoniformis (Gravenhorst), E. ishikawensis (Uchida) and E. komarovi Kokujev have been reported from Korea. Exetastes is distinguished from two other genera by the presence of prepectal carina and by having pointed upper tooth of mandible. The objectives of this work is to review the genus Exetastes and to report two unrecorded species (E. longipes Uchida and E. sapponensis Uchida) from Korea. Here we provide the diagnosises and photographs of Korean Exetastes species.

The subfamily Lycorininae Cushman & Rohwer, 1920 is a small group with a single genus, Lycorina. This subfamily can be easily distinguished from other ichneumonids subfamilies by the following characters: impreesed triangular pattern on the metasomal tergites, tergite 2-4 with convex central triangular area; hypopygium of female large and triangular in lateral view, centrally membranous and with small median apical notch. Genus Lycorina is a cosmopolitan genus with 30 described species (Yu et al., 2012). Also, from this genus have been reported five species in Eastern Palaearctic region, six species from China, two species from Japan and one species for the first time from Korea. The focal host range appears to be weakly concealed larva of micro-lepidopteran species. Some species have been reared from Crambidae in leaf-rolls or webs (Doerksen & Neunzig, 1974; Finlayson, 1976) and Tortricidae (Chao, 1980; Shaw, 2004). In this study we report one newly recorded to Korea species, Lycorina triangulifera Holmgren, 1859 and provide the diagnosis and photographs.

The genus Pristomerus Curtis, 1836 is one of among 36 genera belonging to the subfamily Cremastinae. This genus is a large genus with 100 worldwide species distributed (Yu et al., 2012). Also, from this genus have been reported 15 species in Eastern Palaearctic, eight species from China, seven species from Japan and three species from Korea. Subfamily Cremastinae is known as koinobiont endoparasitoids of solitary larval-pupa mostly Lepidoptera and Coleoptera (Fitton & Gauld 1980). Spectrum of host species of Pristomerus include various small Lepidoptera living in tunnels, leaf rolls, buds and other hidden areas (Rousse et al., 2011). Genus Pristomerus can be easily distinguished from other genera by the following characters: hind femur with ventral tooth; deep gastrocoelus on tergite II. Three species from this genus, Pristomerus chinensis Ashmead, 1906, P. erythrothoracis Uchida, 1933, and P. vulnerator (Panzer, 1799), have been reported from Korea previously. In this study we report three newly recorded species, Pristomerus rufiabdomenalis Uchida, 1928, P. parilis Kusigemati, 1984, P. kendarensis Kusigemati, 1984, and described three new species. Here we provide the descriptions and photographs of six species of genus Pristomerus, and species key.

For the taxonomic studies of the subfamily Rhyssinae (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae), specimens were collected from March of 2001 to June of 2012 in the south Korean. For the present work, 400 specimens which collected form various laboratories in Korea and in other countries. As a result of taxonomic study, a total of 5 genera, 13 species was confirmed in Korea Rhyssinae. Additionnal discriptions, collection sites, korean records, distribution, host, keys are provided for all 13 species. The Korean of species Rhyssinae and host are listed as followes. Subfamily Rhyssinae Morley, 1913 Genus Epirhyssa Cresson, 1865 Epirhyssa nitobei Uchida, 1928 Genus Megarhyssa Ashmead, 1900 Megarhyssa gloriosa (Matsumura, 1912) Megarhyssa jezoensis (Matsumura, 1912) Megarhyssa praecellens (Tosquinet, 1889) Megarhyssa n.sp 1 Megarhyssa n.sp 2 Megarhyssa n.sp 3 Megarhyssa n.sp 4 Megarhyssa n.sp 5 Genus Rhyssa Gravenhorst, 1829 Rhyssa persuasoria (Linnaeus, 1758) Genus Rhyssella Rohwer, 1920 Rhyssella furanna (Matsumura,1912) Genus Triacyra Baltazar, 1961 Triancyra galloisi (Uchida, 1928) Triancyra hirashimai Momoi, 1970

The subfamily Acaenitinae Foerster, 1869 is a small-sized group belonging to the family Ichneumonidae. It includes 250 species in 26 genera from Ethiopian, Oriental, and Palaearctic region. However, only 14 species of six genera, Arotes, Coleocentrus, Jezarotes, Phaenolobus, Spilopteron and Yamatarotes have been reported from Korea. This subfamily can be easily recognized from other ichneumonids by the combination of the following characters: subgenital plate very elongate; tarsal claws with accessory tooth. Members of Acaenitinae are parasitoids of wood-boring Coleoptera, Hymenoptera and Lepidoptera. Among them, some of parasitoids of Cerambycidae are known as intermediate carrier of Bursaphelenchus xylophilus (Nematoda: Parasitaphelenchidae). In this study of the Korean Acaenitinae, we found the genus Yezoceryx from Korea for the first time, including newly recorded two species, Y. sp.1 and Y. sp.2. We provide description of the genus and two species with a key to the Korean genera of the subfamily Acaenitinae.

The genus Xorides is a large group xoridine genus was firstly described by Latreille in 1809 based on Ichneumon indicatorius. The world fauna of Xorides have comprised of 147 described species(Yu et al., 2005). Among them, 48 species have distributed in Eastern Palaearctic region(Yu et al., 2005) and only one species, Xorides jezoensis, was recorded from Korea (Uchida,1955). Most species are specialized parasitoids of eight coleopteran families (Anobiidae, Bostrichidae, Buprestidae, Cerambycidae, Chrysomelidae, Curculionidae, Elateridae, Melandryidae), three hymenopteran families, two lepidopteran families, one dipteran family(Yu et al., 2005). Also, emerge from larva as ectoparasitoids(Sharifi & Javadi, 1971) and idiobiont(Chrystal & Skinner, 1931). This genus is similar to genus Odotocolon but mandible without two teeth; female flagellomere curved with peg like setae. In this study, we found two newly recorded species, Xorides konumensis(Uchida, 1928) and Xorides sapporensis(Uchida, 1928) from Korea.

Diamondback moth (DBM, Plutella xylostella L.), the most destructive pest of cruciferous crops, is well-known as typical subtropical insect pest. A number of biological agents such as diseases, parasites and predators can affect populations of DBM in the fields negatively. In previous reports, we suggested Cotesia glomerata, Diadegma semiclusum, and Microplitis plutellae as promising natural enemies to DBM control at highland areas, but these species are larval parasitoids. In 2004~2009, we searched highland fields cultivating various cruciferous crops for PUPAL parasitoids which can supplement the unsatisfactory parasitism in the augmentative release of larval parasitoids. We obtained adults of hymenopteran parasitoid from DBM pupae in early July at Hoengseong region (asl 540 m), and then identified as Diadromus sp., although being a critical species so far. This parasitoid showed high rate of parasitism, about 13.2%, in mid October at the same region. Development period from oviposition to emergence of Diadromus sp. ranged from 14 to 18 days under 23℃ condition. Adult longevity, > three weeks, was longer when it was provided with 10% sugar solution as food than with water only or without food. Male adults mated as soon as emerging from parasitized DBM pupae, and laid eggs into DBM pupae for a week. Parasitism by Diadromus sp. was highest on 7th day after emergence. In contrast, lethality of DBM pupae which were not parasitized by wasps showed 60% on average for seven days. Parasitized DBM pupae could be stored at 10℃ for two weeks. The simultaneous augmentative release of larval parasitoids and pupal parasitoids can be an important component to integrated DBM management program in the future.

The genus Eriborus which is a small-sized campoplegine genus was firstly described by Föster in 1869 based on Campoplex perfidus. Members of this genus included 52 species in the world. Among them, 11 species are distributed in Eastern Palaearctic region, and only two species, E. molestae (Uchida, 1933) and E. terebrans (Gravenhorst, 1829) have been recorded in Korea(Yu et al., 2005). Most species of this genus are specialized parasitoids of 17 lepidopteran families, Cerambycidae(Coleoptera) and Tenthredinidae(Hymenoptera), and more particularly attack most of Noctuidae and Pyralidae(Lepidoptera) larvae as koinobiont endoparasitoids. This genus is easily distinguished from other campoplegine genera by the combination of the following characters: Carinae of propodeum usually strong, areola longer than wide; propodeal spiracles circular or short elliptic; fore wings without areolet; thyridium subcircular or longitudinally elliptic. In this study, we found two newly recorded species, Eriborus vulgaris (Morley, 1913) and Eriborus sinicus (Holmgren, 1868) from Korea. A revised key to the species of Korean Eriborus Föster, redescriptions and photographs of diagnostic characters are provided.

The subfamily Acaenitinae Föster, 1869 is a small-sized subfamily belonging to the family Ichneumonidae. Members of Acaenitinae distributes in Ethiopian, Oriental, and Palearctic Regions. Twenty six genera have been recorded in the World, and six genera are known from Korea. The biology of the Acaenitinae is not well known, however, some hosts are recorded from Cerambycidae in Coleoptera (Gardiner, 1960), Sesiidae and Tortricidae in Lepidoptera (Ulbricht, 1909; Starke, 1956). Generally female is easily distinguished from that of other subfamily of Ichneumonidae. They can be recognized by their very elongate subgenital plate, and by the auxiliary tooth on the tarsal claws. Male can be also easily recognized by the form of the claws and the facial shape. In this study, we found a newly recorded genus Yezoceryx, belonging to the Tribe Acaenitini, with two species in Korean fauna. Illustrated key of species and genera, diagnosis and photographs of each species are provieded.

We surveyed natural enemies of Pachynematus itoi Okutani, newly recorded sawfly pest of Larix leptolepis, and investigated their occurrence and life cycle at Cheolwon and Taebaek, Gangwon Province in 2006～2007. Endasys liaoningensis was identified as main natural enemy of P. itoi Okutani. Parasitism of E. liaoningensiswas was 42%. Emergence period of E. liaoningensis was from May to September, and the peak of emergence was from 21th May to 20th June. It was suggested that the occurrence number and period of E. liaoningensis were quite closely relative to those of host, P. itoi.

낙엽송잎벌은 1년에 3회 발생하는 전형적인 돌발 해충으로, 암갈색 고치 속에서 전용상태로 월동하며, 성충 우화시기는 강원지방에서 1화기가 5월 7일～6월3일, 2화기가 6월 20일～7월 13일, 3화기는 8월 4일～8월 25일이었다. 산란수는 59±8개, 난 기간은 8～10일, 부화율은 90%이상이었다. 낙엽송가지 정단부쪽 제1, 제2, 제3 단지엽에 산란수가 많고 단지엽 뒷면 조직에 알을 절반 정도 삽입하여 산란하였다. 유충의 령기는 5령이고 유충기간은 20일 내외이다. 1～4령 유충은 군서생활을 하고 5령 유충부터 분산하여 섭식한다. 장지엽(신초)보다는 단지엽을 선호하여 섭식하며, 노령유충은 지면으로 낙하하여 낙엽층 속이나, 표토 속에서 고치를 짓고 월동하였다. 낙엽송잎벌 천적종류는 기생성천적으로 맵시벌과 낙엽송잎벌살이뾰족맵시벌(Endasys liaoningensis), 알 기생봉 1종, 기생파리 3종(Tachinidae sp. Lydella sp. Scaphimyia sp)등 5종이 확인되었고, 포식성천적으로는 개미, 거미, 풀잠자리 유충, 조류, 병원미생물로 Beauveria basiana 균 감염이 확인되었다. 낙엽송잎벌살이뾰족맵시벌(Endasys liaoningensis) 기생율은 강원도 철원에서 42.0%로 상당히 높았다. 출현 시기는 5월～9월이며 1화기 노숙유충이 고치 짓는 시기인 5월 하순～6월 하순에 집중적으로 출현하였다.