This study has been conducted to investigate biodegradation characteristics and optimum mixing ratio for co-digestion with thermophilic acid-fermented food waste and sewage sludge using batch anaerobic digester. As the basis operating conditions for anaerobic digestion, the reaction temperature was controlled 35±1℃ and stirrer was set 70rpm. Thermophilic acid-fermented food waste and sewage sludge were mixed at the ratio of 10:0, 7:3, 5:5, 3:7, 0:10 and 5;5(food waste : sewage sludge) as the influent substrates. In results of co-digestion according to mixing ratio of thermophilic fermented food wastes and sewage sludge in batch mesophilic anaerobic digestion reactor, 385mL CH4/g VSadded of methane production rate at 1:1 mixing ratio was more than that of any other mixing ratios. Compared with 293mL CH4/g VSadded of methane production rate at 1:1 mixing ratio of food wastes and sewage sludge, pretreatment of food wastes by thermophilic acid fermentation was more effective in co-digestion with sewage sludge.

In order to know the effect of autoclaving on the heavy metal removal using chitosan, lead removal capacities and removal rates by various chitosans in aqueous solution were compared according to the various autoclaving time. The lead removal efficiencies and removal rates by the autoclaved chitosan were found to be on the order of 15 min(98%) 〉10 min(95%) 〉30 min(83%) 〉5 min(53%) 〉60 min(47%) 〉0 min(22%) chitosan. The molecular weight of chitosan was decreased by the increase of autoclaving time. Therefore, the heavy metal removal capacity was not well correlated to the molecular weight. Langmuir isotherm was well fitted to experimental results of equilibrium adsorption on chitosan. In order to examine the process of lead removal by the autoclaved chitosan, TEMs, SEMs and FT-IR analyses were used. The surface of autoclaved chitosan was much more porous and the lead removal was mainly occurred on the surface of chitosan. The structure of autoclaved chitosan was same as that of controlled chitosan.

자소엽의 연중생산에 필요한 파종전처리 기술을 확립하기 위하여, 자소종자의 GA3 처리시 적정 처리농도, 침지시간 및 고온발아에 미치는 영향을 조사하였고, 만기파종시 포장에서 GA3 처리, 복토깊이 및 왕겨피복 등이 출아에 미치는 상호작용을 비교하였다. GA3 처리농도에 따른 발아특성은 100 ppm에서 가장 좋았으며, 100 ppm GA3 처리시 종자의 침지시간에 따른 발아특성은 12시간 이상에서는 유의한 차이가 없었다. 발아온도에 따른 100 ppm GA3 처리효과는 온도가 높을수록 발아속도와 발아일수가 빨라졌으며, 11일째에는 발아온도에 관계없이 95%이상의 높은 발아율을 보였으나, 무처리구는 20℃ 이상 온도가 높을수록 발아율이 낮았다. 만기파종시 출아율은 파종시기에 관계없이 100 ppm GA3용액에 침지파종후 5 mm의 복토와 10 mm 왕겨피복구에서 가장 높았다.

The response of water stree under high and low temperatures, was shown differently according to the longer the suspension period of water supply. Leaf photosynthetic rate(LPS), leaf water potential(WP), relative leaf water content and relative soil water content were lower. At the higher temperatures, the percentate of reduction in LPS and WP was greater than at low temperatures. It is suggested that evaporation rate should be higher in the high temperature than the lower temperature. Also leaf water potential was lower at high temperature than at low temperature. After the 9 th day of treatment , LSP was remarkably reduced at high temperature, but the reduction of LPS was not significant at low temperature. Solidago virga-aurea var. asiatic that maintained LPS of 3rd day after treatment was more strong than other varieties at low temperatures. The silting and curling of leaves were observed symptoms of stress on the 9th day at the both temperatures. The leaves of aster scaber and Ligularia fischeri turned red on the 9th day after treatment at low temperature.