The emulsion and micro-encapsuled formulation from three essential oils, cassia, thyme white and lemon grass were tested for their insecticidal activities against Lycoriella ingenua (Dufour) adults at 0.3% concentration. As a result, the micro-encapsules than emulsion formulation was confirmed to show greater activity. Based on this result, insecticidal activities at several levels of concentration were examined, resulting in more than 80% insecticidal activity after 30 minutes at 0.6% level of cassia formulation. And also, insecticidal activity of three oil-based micro-encapsuled formulations lasted for up to 12 hours at 0.9% concentration. The main ingredients derived from three essential oils were evaluated on the insecticidal activity against Lycoriella ingenua. As a result, in case of thymol from thyme white, it showed more than 80% mortality after over 30 minutes at 0.25%, and in cinnamic aldehyde and citral, exhibited 88% and 82% mortality after 30 minutes at the 0.5% level, respectively. These three compounds were examined for whether the insecticidal activity was maintained depending on being over time. In case of thymol, it maintained good insecticidal activity against Lycoriella ingenua at 0.5% level until 120 hours, while cinnamic aldehyde and citral showed lower activity after 12 hours.

The repellency, insecticidal activity and repellency duration effect of dagalet thyme, Thymus quinquescostatus against Asian tiger mosquito, Aedes albopictus larvae and adults was investigated. Whole plant body of T. quinquescostatus proved to have the repellent activity of 91.2% against A. albopictus adults. The constituents of T. quinquescostatus were analyzed using GC-MS as follows: α -pinene (1.1%), α-thujene (2.7%), camphene (1.3%), myrcene (4.7%), α-terpinene (5.0%), ɤ-terpinene (33.0%), ρ-cymene (8.3%), β-caryophyllene (4.0%), β-bisabolene (8.9%), thymol (29.9%), and carvacrol (1.2%). Among them, thymol has the perfect repellency on A. albopictus adults and confirmed the electrophysiological response on the antenna of A. albopictus adults. To enhance the maintenance, vanillin was added. Duration of effectiveness of mixture with vanillin (0.18 : 0.36 ㎕/㎠) were significantly more prolonged than thymol alone. The constituents on its original oils were applied onto A. albopictus larvae. The thymol, α-terpinene and carvacrol (LC50 = 9 mg litre-1) revealed to have high insecticidal activity.

Trunk injection of nematicides was applied to prevent pine wilt disease (PWD). Although the trunk injection of nematicides was effective to PWD prevention, it was not effective to a vector, Monochamus alternatus. Thus, This study was investigated for the insecticidal activity and the effect of oviposition deterrence by injecting to pine trees with systemic insecticides such as Acetamiprid SC 10%, Imidacloprid DC (20%), and Thiamethoxam DC (15%). As a results, mortality of M. alternatus adults was 100% at 56 days after trunk injection. Percentage of M. alternatus adults moved to a young black pine tree by trunk injection of Imidacloprid DC (20%) and Thiamethoxam DC (15%) in screen cage (4.0×2.0×2.5m) was 76.7% and 70.0%, respectively. But the mortality of M. alternatus adults showed 100%. Percentage of M. alternatus adults moved to the treated and untreated young black pine trees by trunk injection of Acetamiprid SC (10%) in screen cage (4.0×2.0×2.5m) were 25.9% and 49.5% at 1st day and 3rd day after treatment, respectively. Percentage of M. alternatus adults oviposited to treated pine logs at 3month after trunk injection of liquid mixture of Acetamiprid SC (10%) and Emamectin benzoate EC (2.15%) in screen cage (72×72×100㎝) was 25%. But, untreated pine logs was 100%

Entomopathogenic fungi are widely available as biological control agents for controlling insect pests in agriculture and forestry. The fungal culture broth contains various pathogenesis-related components such as blastospores, mycelium and insecticidal enzymes such as chitinase, Pr1- and Pr2-proteases, which have been reported to play an important role in penetrating insect cuticles. In this study, we tried to evaluate the utility of culture broth from Beauveria bassiana SFB-205 to control lepidopteran pests. High level of insecticidal activity correspond to over 90% of mortality were observed when the culture broth of B. bassiana SFB-205 was inoculated to the Spodoptera litura larvae together with the B. thuringiensis K1. The freeze-dried culture broth showed synergistic effects in insecticidal activity against larvae of S. exigua and S. litura when treated with corresponding baculoviruses, SeNPV and SlNPV. Active ingredient of the B. bassiana SFB-205 culture broth was identified to chitinase, which have truncated form by insertional mutation compared to previously reported chitinases.

Baculovirus chitinase gene (ChiA) is a late gene and is essential for liquefying host insect at the late stage of infection for its hydrolyzing chitin function. In previous report, baculovirus ChiA can offer many interseting new opportunities for pest control. Recently, a putative chitinase gene (ChiA) was identified in the Spodopter litura nucleopolyhedorvirus (SlMNPV-K1) genome. The open reading frame (ORF) contains 1,692 nucelotides (nt) and encodes a protein of 563 amino acids (aa) with a predicted molecular weight of 62.62 kDa. To conform the insecticidal activity of ChiA from SlMNPV-K1, we constructed a baculovirus transfer vector, pBac-SlChiA, and this transfer vector was co-transfected with the bApGOZA DNA into sf9 cell to generate corresponding recombinant viru which designed Ap-SlChiA. Western blot analysis indicate that SlMNPV-K1 ChiA was successfully expressed. We found the chitinase activity of recombinant virus was enhanced 53% than wide type AcMNPV by chitinase assay, and the recombinant virus showed higher evidently insecticidal activity against 3rd instar larvae of Spodotera exigua than wide type AcMNPV (4.5 time). These results suggested that the chitinase gene from SlMNPV-K1 could be successfully applied to improve pathogenicity of bauclovirus

Trunk injection of nematicides is applied to prevent pine wilt disease(PWD). Although the trunk injection of nematicides is effective to PWD prevention, it is not effective to vector insects such as adults of M. alternatus and M. saltuarius. Thus, This study was investigated for the insecticidal activity and the effect of feeding deterrence by injecting to pine trees with acetamiprid. For screening effective nematicides, some insecticides were injected to pines on December 30th, 2008 and their insecticidal activities and feeding areas of M. alternatus and M. saltuarius were investigated in the insects breeding dishes (100× 40mm) where put on 1 to 2-year-old twig which was selected from injected pine trees in early June. As a result, insecticidal activity and feeding deterrence of acetamicprid were most effective. Feeding areas of M. alterantus adults, when tested with 1-year-old twig and 2-year-old twig of healthy pine trees, were 170.3±107.0 mm2 and 258.0±123.2 mm2 respectively. And Feeding areas of M. alterantus adults, when tested with 1-year-old twig and 2-year-old twig of pines injected at a dose of 0.3 ml per cm dbh of a pine tree with acetamiprid, were 57.7±72.3 mm2 and 65.7±51.2 mm2 respectively and their mortalities also were 0%, 28.6%. The feeding areas of M. alterantus adults tested with 1-year-old twig and 2-year-old twig of pine trees injected at a dose of 0.6 ml per cm dbh of a pine tree with acetamiprid, were not fed on it and the mortalities were 28.0%, 57.1% respectively. In case of the feeding areas of M. saltuarius adults, when tested with 1-year-old twig and 2-year-old twig of healthy pine trees, it was 112.±35.1 mm2 and 159.2±65.2 mm2 respectively. And the feeding areas of M. saltuarius adults, when tested with 1-year-old twig and 2-year-old twig of injected pine trees at a dose of 0.3 ml per cm dbh of a pine tree with acetamiprid were 0.61±0.0 mm2 and 8.1±12.4 mm2 and both mortalities were 23.1%. Although M. saltuarius adults, when tested with 1-year-old twig of a pine tree injected at a dose of 0.6 ml per cm dbh of a pine tree with acetamiprid, were not fed on it but M. saltuarius adults tested with 2-year-old twig of the same pine tree were 2.0±3.7 mm2 and their mortalities were 53.8%, 61.5% respectively. We investigated insecticidal activities, the effects of feeding deterrence of acetamiprid for vector insects where fed twigs of injected pines by stop up hole with a cork or not, and the trunk injection to pine trees at a dose of 0.5, 1 ㎖ per ㎝ dbh of a pine tree with acetamiprid on the early June. As a result, all of the vector insects were not fed and the feeding area was within 11 ㎟ and the mortality of M. alternatus was 70%.

Insecticidal activity of 20 plant species against adults of Myzus persicae, female adults of Tetranychus urticae, and 2<SUP>nd</SUP> or 3<SUP>rd</SUP> instar larvae of Plutella xylostella was evaluated in this study. Thirteen plant extracts showed over 80% acaricidal activity to T. urticae at the concentration of 1%, while Capsicum annuum (hot-pepper seed), Inula helenium, and Acorus calamus revealed 82.8-86.2% acaricidal activities at 0.5%. Insecticidal activities of the plant extracts to M. persicae and P. xylostella were relatively low compare to the mite. Among the plant extracts, C. anuum and Brassica juncea revealed 48.6% and 42.9% respectively insecticidal activities to the aphid at the concentration of 0.5%. Extracts of C. anuum and Jeffersonia dubia provided 55% and 50% insecticidal activity against P. xylostella at 1%. And, the highest antifeeding activity of the insect was observed in the J. dubia extract as 79.4%. Results indicated that some plant extracts including hot pepper seed could be used as potential botanical pesticides for organic farming.

본 연구는 시설하우스의 주요 해충인 온실가루이와 담배가루이에 대한 spearmint oil의 훈증독성 및 접촉독성을 조사하였으며, gas chromatograph (GC)와 gas chromatograph mass spectrometry(GC/MS)를 이용하여 speamint oil의 주요 구성성분을 분석하였다. 훈증독성 시험 결과, 온실가루이에 대해서 spearmint oil은 air의 약량처리에서 의 살충활성을 나타내었으며, 5와 air의 약량처리에서 각각 와 의 살충활성을 나타내었다. 또한 담배가루이에 대해서 spearmint oil은 air의 약량처리에서 각각 의 살충활성을 나타내었으며, 5와 air의 약량에서도 각각 100, 의 높은 살충활성을 나타내었다. 그러나 온실가루이와 담배가루이 성충에 대한 spearmint oil의 접촉독성은 살충효과가 이하로 낮았다. Spearmint oil을 GC와 GC/MS로 분석한 결과, limonene (), -terpinene(), -cymene(), 3-octanol(), carvone()이 주요 구성성분으로 나타났으며, 주요성분인 carvone 은 air 약량에서 의 높은 훈증독성을 나타내었다.

본 연구는 표고원목재배시 골목을 가해하는 털두꺼비하늘소(Moechotypa diphysis) 성충에 대해서 25종 monoterpenoid의 훈증독성, 접촉독성 및 산란기피효과를 조사하였다. 훈증독성은 20(equation omitted)/954 ml (공기)의 농도에서 1, 8-cineole, fenchone, pulegone, (equation omitted)-terpinene이, 10(equation omitted)/954 ml (공기)의 농도에서는 pulegone과 (equation omitted)-terpinene이, 그리고 5(equation omitted)/954 m1 (공기)의 농도에서는 pulegone만이 100%의 살충률을 나타내었다. 접촉독성은 pulegone만이 70%의 살충률을 보인 것 외에 대부분의 monoterpenoid에서 활성이 낮거나 없었다. 후각계를 이용한 기피반응은 1 (equation omitted)에서 bornylacetate, carvacrol, 1, 8-cineole, menthol은 기피반응을 보였고, 반면 citronellol은 유인반응을 보였다. 실내에서 수행한 산란기피효과는 25개의 monoterpenoid중 1,000ppm의 농도에서 carveol, geraniol, perillyl alcohol이 각각 82.1%, 78.3%, 87.5%의 효과를 보였다. 이 3 화합물을 가지고 야외포장 적용시험을 수행한 결과 10,000ppm과 1,000ppm의 농도에서 3일째까지 geraniol이 가장 효과가 좋았으나 잔효성은 없는 것으로 나타났다.

키틴합성저해제인 diflubenzuron, triflumuron, chlorfluazuron을 갈색거처리와 유충과 번데기에 처리하여 효력검정법을 개발하였다. 유충에 대한 처리는 국소처리와 독먹이처리를 행하였고, 번데기에 대하요 용체침적처리와 미량주사처리를 행하였다. 유충에 대한 10 국소처리와 번데기에 대한 100ppm 용체 침적처리 결과 세약제 모두 유충 및 번덱의 발육에 아무런 영향을 주지 않았다. 유충에 대한 독먹이 처리에 있어서의 {{{{ { LC}_{ 50} }}}}값은 diflubenzuron 11.3, triflumuron 42.7, chlorfluazuron 6.2ppm이었다. 번데기에 대한 미량주사처리에서는 diflubenzuron 0.053, triflumuron 0.230, chlorfluazuron 0.340 /pupa의 {{{{ { LC}_{ 50} }}}}값을 나타내었다.

이화명충에 대한 수도의 저항성 요인과 척도를 구명하기 위하여 여러 가지 품종에 접종 및 방사를 하였으며 그 영향에 따라 도체의 주요성분을 분석한 바 아래와 같은 결과를 얻었다. (1) 수도품종간에 이화명충의 유충 생육이 현저하게 큰 차를 나타내었다. 품종에 따른 체중증가량에 있어서도 부화 후 25일에 유충의 체중은 최고 45.77mg, 최저 21.23mg였는데 대체로 Indica type은 Japonica type 보다 유충체중의 증가가 컸다. (2) 수도품종에 있어서 여러 가지 저항성요소중 상관관계를 보면 유충의 생존율은 ㅊ중증가, 분화, 피해경율 및 산란선택성들과 정의 상관을 나타내었다. 따라서 유층의 생존율은 이화명충에 대한 도체의 저항성요소의 척도로 이용될 수 있다고 생각되었다. (3) 저항성 및 감수성 품종의 화학적 분석 결과에 의하면 몇몇 저항성요소와 질소함량간에는 정, 그리고 규산의 함량과는 부의 상관을 나타내었으며 특히 유충의 추성에는 질소, 천공성에는 규산의 함량이 관련됨을 알 수 있었고 탄소의 함량과는 유의한 상관을 나타나지 않았다. (4) 유충의 추성 및 천공성도 저항성 척도인 생존율과 정의 상관을 나타내었으므로 저항성은 여러 가지 요소들의 복합적인 작용으로 나타난다고 생각되었다.

Ricania sp. is a pest to many crops in Korea. This pest prefers fruit crops especially, blueberry and apple trees. We tested the possibility of Ricania sp. control using of methylcinnamate. In the laboratory bioassay, the mortality of methylcinnamate against Ricania sp. adult with 100 and 250 time diluted solution was 36.6% and 13.3% respectively. While repellent that the use of methylcinnamate resulted rate of 43.3% with 100 time diluted solution and 40.0% in 250 time diluted solution. Insecticidal and repellent effect in semifield bioassay were higher than those in laboratory bioassay. From this result, methylcinnamate might have synergic effect for Ricania sp. management. The result of this study showed a possibility of Ricania. sp. control using methylcinnamate.

Background : Insect pests damages are increasing on the field of Lycium chinense under eco-friendly organic management and especially, pest damage of Gelechiidae (Ilseopsis parki Povolny) is serious. Currently, various eco-friendly organic materials are registered, but insecticidal activity against Gelechiidae was not verified. Therefore, this experiment was carried out to select eco-friendly organic materials showing insecticidal activity in Gelechiidae. Methods and Results : To test insecticidal activity, the Gelechiidae lavas were collected from the field and Nine eco-friendly organic materials were collected from the market. method. The insecticidal activity assay method was, putting Gelechiidae lavas on the 90mm petridish then water-diluted eco-friendly organic materials were sprayed onto the laver. Result of insecticidal activity was observed with a microscope 10 minutes, 2 hours and 18 hours after the treatment. Microscopic observation results, insecticidal activity was shown only in 5 out of 9 materials. Conclusion : As a result, Insecticidal activity against Gelechiidae was not effective in all tested materials, but the 5 eco-friendly organic materials showed the same effect in repeated experiments. In this study, we selected 5 materials out of 9 eco-friendly organic materials against Gelechiidae, then future studies are planned to select the most suitable materials by field testing the 5 eco-friendly organic materials.