In the current study, a Cu2O/TiO2 photoinduced nanocomposite materials prepared by ultrasonification method was evaluated the photocatalytic oxidation efficiency of volatile organic compounds (BTEX) under visible-light irradiation. The results of XRD confirmed the successful preparation of photoinduced nanocomposite materials. However, diffraction peaks belonging to TiO2 were not confirmed for the Cu2O/TiO2. The possible reason for the absence of Cu2O peak is their low content and small particle size. The result of uv-vis spectra exhibited that the fabricated Cu2O/TiO2 can be activated under visible light irradiation. The FE-SEM/EDS and TEM showed the formation of synthesized nanocomposites and componential analysis in the undoped TiO2 and Cu2O/TiO2. The photocatalytic oxidation efficiencies of benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and o-xylene with Cu2O/TiO2 were higher than undoped TiO2. According to light sources, the average oxidation efficiencies for BTEX by Cu2OT-0.5 were exhibited in the orer of 8 W day light > violet LEDs > white LEDs. However, the photocatalytic oxidation efficiencies normalized to supplied electric power were calculated to be in the following order of violet LEDs > white LEDs > 8 W day light, indicating that the LEDs could be a much more energy efficient light source for the photo-oxidation of gaseous BTEX using Cu2O/TiO2.

One of the best solutions for the deficiency of clean water, especially for developing countries, is rainwater disinfection. In the past decades a lot of studies have been made to develop photocatalytic processes using TiO2 determining the performance on their surface oriented photocatalysis. However, most of these researches failed to consider the economical aspect as well as the effectiveness on the disinfection to antibiotic resistance genes. On the other hand, due to the issues of climate change and increased impermeable layer in urban area, flooding prevention is the best solution in water management systems. To remedy these two problems, a roof-harvested rainwater storage system was designed. In addition, a breakthrough technique using a solar simulator with self-rotating TiO2 nanotubes, to apply a photocatalytic system in disinfecting storage rainwater harvested from roof, was established. Roof-harvested storage rainwater was analysed for TN, TP, SS and COD. Aside from these parameters, Escherichia coli (with multidrug resistant pB10 plasmid) was added to the sample. Samples were injected to the self-rotating TiO2 nanotube reactor system with exposure time of 0 to 360 min and 7 different setups. Results show that the developed system has increased disinfection properties compared to negative samples, though the presence of antibiotic resistant bacteria.

The generation of TiO2 nanoparticles by a thermal decomposition of titanium tetraisopropoxide (TTIP) was carried out experimentally using a tubular electric furnace at various synthesis temperatures (700, 900, 1100 and 1300℃) and precursor heating temperatures (80, 95 and 110℃). Effects of degree of crystallinity, surface area and anatase mass fraction of those TiO2 nanoparticles on photocatalytic properties such as decomposition of methylene blue was investigated. Results show that the primary particle diameter obtained from thermal decomposition of TTIP was considerably smaller than the commercial photocatalyst (Degussa, P25). Also, those specific surface areas were more than 134.4 m2/g. Resultant TiO2 nanoparticles showed improved photocatalytic activity compared with Deggusa P25. This is contributed to the higher degree of crystallinity, surface area and anatase mass fraction of TiO2 nanoparticles compared with P25.

This study was investigated experimental condition which is able to evaluate photocatalytic activity of various commercial TiO₂. The experiments were performed for three representative substances (ethanol, phenol and methylene blue) and four kinds of commercial TiO₂, under the experimental conditions such as pH, reactant concentration, amount of TiO₂, reaction time and UV intensity. The optimum experimental conditions to evaluate photocatalytic activity were as follows : for ethanol, the initial concentration 1000 ppm, initial pH 8, TiO₂ loadings 0.1 wt%, and reaction time 90 minutes: for phenol, the initial concentration 200 ppm, initial pH 8, TiO₂loadings 1 wt%, and reaction time 60 minutes: for methylene blue, the initial concentration 200 ppm, initial pH 4, TiO₂ loadings 0.5 wt%, and reaction time 30 minutes.

In this study, N doped TiO2 (TiO-N) thin film was prepared by DC magnetron sputtering method to show the photocatalytic activity in a visible range. Various gases (Ar, O2 and N2) were used and Ti target was impressed by 1.2 kW-5.8 kW power range. The hysteresis of TiO-N thin film as a function of discharge voltage wasn't observed in 1.2 and 2.9kW of applied power. Cross sections and surfaces of thin films by FE-SEM were tiny and dense particle sizes of both films with normal cylindrical structures. XRD pattern of TiO2 and TiO-N thin films was appeared by only anatase peak. Red shift in UV-Vis adsorption spectra was investigated TiO-N thin film. Photoactivity was evaluated by removal rate measurement of suncion yellow among reactive dyes. The photodegradation rate of TiO2 thin film on visible radiation was shown little efficiency but TiO-N was about 18%.

The photocatalytic decolorization of Rhodamine B (RhB) was studied using packed-bed reactor and immobilized TiO2/UV System. The 20 W UV-A, UV-B and UV-C lamps were employed as the light source. The effect of shape and surface polishing extent of reflector, distance between the reactor and reflector, reactor material were investigated. The results showed that the order of the initial reaction constant with reflector shape was round > polygon > W > rhombus. The optimum distance between the reactor and reflector was 2 cm. The initial reaction constant of quartz reactor was 1.46 times higher than that of the PVDF reactor.

This study introduces a method to eliminate formaldehyde and benzene, toluene from indoor air by means of a photocatalytic oxidation reaction. In the method introduced, for the good performance of the reaction, the effect and interactions of the TiO2 catalyst and ultraviolet in photocatalytic degradation on the reaction area, dosages of catalysts, humidity and light should be precisely examined and controled. Experiments has been carried out under various intensities of UV light and initial concentrations of formaldehyde, benzene and toluene to investigate the removal efficiency of the pollutants. Reactors in the experiments consist of an annular type Pyrex glass flow reactor and an 11W germicidal lamp. Results of the experiments showed reduction of formaldehyde, benzene and toluene in ultraviolet /TiO2/ activated carbon processes (photooxidation-photocatalytic oxidation-adsorption processes), from 98% to 90%, from 98% to 93% and from 99% to 97% respectively. Form the results we can get a conclusion that a ultraviolet/Tio2/activated carbon system used in the method introduced is a powerful one for th treatment of formaldehyde, benzene and toluene of indoor spaces.

Removal of NOx on CaO/TiO2 photocatalyst manufactured by the addition of Ca(OH)2 was measured in relation with the amount of Ca(OH)2 and calcination temperature. In case of pure TiO2, the NOx removal decreased greatly with the increase of calcination temperature from 500oC to 700oC, whereas in the photocatalyst added with Ca(OH)2, the removed amount of NOx was high and constant regardless of calcination temperature. Considering NOx removal patterns depending on the amount of Ca(OH)2 added(50, 30, 10wt%), high removal rate showed at the photocatalysts containing less than 30wt% of Ca(OH)2, and it was about 30% higher than that of pure TiO2. From the XRD patterns, it is seen that the addition of Ca(OH)2 contributes to maintaining the anatase structure that is favourable to photocatalysis. It also indicates that the possibility of the formation of calcium titanate(CaTiO3) by reacting with TiO2 above 700oC. Apart from the favourable crystalline structure, the addition of Ca(OH)2 helped increase the alkalinity of photocatalyst surface, thus promoting the photooxidation reaction of NOx.

The nanosized TiO2 photocatalysts were prepared by the hydrolysis of TiCl4 and calcined at different temperatures. The resulting materials were characterized by TGA, DSC, XRD, and TEM testing techniques. XRD, TEM, and BET measurements indicated that the particle size of TiO2 was increased with rise of calcination temperature and surface area was decreased with rise of it. The prepared TiO2 photocatalysts were used for the photocatalytic degradation of congo red. The effects of calcination temperature, TiO2 loading, the initial concentration of congo red, and usage frequencies were investigated and the rate constants were determined by regressing the experimental data. Calcination is an effective treatment to increase the photoactivity of nanosized TiO2 photocatalysts resulting from the improvement of crystallinity. The optimum calcination temperature of the catalyst for the efficient degradation of congo red was found to be 400℃. The rate constant was decreased with increase in the initial concentration of congo red and increased with increase in the TiO2 loading. In the case of TiO2 photocatalysts, the photocatalytic activity wasn't greatly affected by the usage frequencies.

The photocatalytic decolorization of Rhodamine B (RhB) was studied using immobilized TiO2 and fluidized bed reactor. Immobilized TiO2(length: 1～2 mm, width: 1～3 mm, thickness: 0.5～2 mm) onto silicone sealant was employed as the photocatalyst and a 30 W germicidal lamp was used as the light source and the reactor volume was 4.8 L. The effects of parameters such as the amounts of photocatalyst, initial concentration, initial pH, superficial velocity, H2O2 and anion additives. (NO3-, SO42-, Cl-, CO32-) The results showed that the optimum dosage of the immobilized TiO2 were 87.0 g/L. Initial removal rate of RhB of the immobilized TiO2 was 1.5 times higher than that of the powder TiO2 because of the adsorption onto the surface of immobilized TiO2. In the conditions of acidic pH, initial reaction rate was increased slowly and reaction time was shorted. The effect of anion type on the reaction rate was not much.

In a batch reactor, the characteristics of photocatalytic degradation of brilliant blue FCF in titanium dioxide suspension was studied under the irradiation of ultra-violet ray. Photocatalytic degradation in anatase type of TiO2 was more effective than in rutile type of TiO2 below the dosage of 5g. The degradation rate was slightly increased with decreasing initial pH of brilliant blue FCF aqueous solution, but rapidly increased with the addition of oxidant. Potassium bromate acted as more effective oxidant than ammonium persulfate. The photocatalytic degradation rate of brilliant blue FCF was pseudo-first order with rate constants of 0.012, 0.006 and 0.003min-1 at initial pH 3.1, 5.2 and 7.1 of brilliant blue FCF solution, respectively.

The photocatalytic oxidation of Rhodamine B (RhB) was studied using immobilized TiO2 and fluidized bed reactor. Immobilized TiO2 onto GF/C was employed as the photocatalyst and a 30 W germicidal lamp was used as the light source and the reactor volume was 4.8 L. The effects of parameters such as the amounts of photocatalyst, initial concentration, initial pH, air flow rate and anion additives (NO3-, SO42-, Cl-, CO32-) competing for reaction. The results showed that the optimum dosage of the immobilized TiO2 was 40.0 g/L. Initial removal rate of immobilized TiO2 was expressed Langmuir - Hinshelwood equation.

The aim of this study is, firstly, to find out what kinds of inorganic species are produced in the photocatalytic oxidation of ammonium-nitrogen containing water and, secondly, to seek the influence of anion for the photocatalytic oxidation of ammonium contained compounds. The photoenergy above 3 eV(λ＜415 nm) was effectively absorbed by TiO2 and TiO2/polymer was used to be oxidized NH4-N in wastewater to NO3-N. Existing the anion as Cl-, the rate of photocatalytic oxidation decreased regardless of other condition. This result showed that the chloride ions reduced the rate of oxidation by scavenging oxidizing radical species as OH- and OCl-. Some of the added ion might have blocked the active sites of the catalyst surface, thus deactivated the catalyst.