본 연구에서는 식품용 기구 및 용기·포장으로부터 식 품유사용매로 이행되는 10종의 산화방지제(butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA), butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT), Cyanox 2246, 425 and 1790, Irgafos 168, 및 Irganox 1010, 1330, 3114 and 1076)의 분석법을 확립하였다. 식품유사용 매 중 물, 4% 초산, 50% 에탄올의 경우 hydrophiliclipophilic balance (HLB) 카트리지로 고체상 추출(SPE, Solid Phase Extraction)을 하였고, n-헵탄의 경우 이소프로 필알콜로 희석하여 HPLC-UVD (276 nm)로 산화방지제의 이행량을 분석하였다. 확립된 분석법으로 위생백, 지퍼백, 우유팩, 주스팩, 가공식품용 포장지, 밀폐용기, 일회용기 등 국내 유통 폴리에틸렌(78건) 및 폴리프로필렌(122건) 재질의 식품용 기구 및 용기·포장 200건으로부터 식품 유사용매로 이행되는 10종의 산화방지제 이행량 조사 결과, 총 78건의 폴리에틸렌 식품용 기구 및 용기·포장 중 5건에서 Irganox 1010이 ND~1.444 mg/L 검출되었고, 총 122건의 폴리프로필렌 식품용 기구 및 용기·포장 중 41건에서 Irganox 1010이 ND~3.106 mg/L, 28건에서 Irganox 1076이 ND~4.752 mg/L, 34건에서 Irgafos 168이 ND~ 3.635 mg/L 검출되어 총 3종의 산화방지제가 검출되었다. 검출된 Irganox 1010, Irganox 1076, Irgafos 168에 대해 일 일추정섭취량(EDI)을 계산하고 일일섭취한계량(TDI)과 비 교하여 위해도를 평가한 결과, 폴리에틸렌 재질 중 Irganox 1010은 TDI 대비 0.0067%, 폴리프로필렌 재질 중 Irganox 1010, Irganox 1076, Irgafos 168은 TDI 대비 0.0073%, 0.1800%, 0.0200%로 안전한 수준임을 확인하였다. 본 연구에서 확립된 폴리에틸렌 및 폴리프로필렌 식품용 기구 및 용기·포장 중 산화방지제 분석법 및 안전성 평가 결과는 앞으로 기구 및 용기·포장의 안전관리를 위한 과학적인 근거자료로 활용될 것으로 판단된다.

In order to get as ecological basic data for river management, We estimated health condition of Geum-river mainstream and Mihocheon using vegetation and investigated it for phytosociologic methods. Then, collected data was analysed. Appeared plants in study area were 268 species and the number of appeared plant colonies was 54. Riparian vegetation index(RVI), vegetation health condition assessment method, was evaluated as 38.3 ‘Normal(C)’. Geum-river mainstream's upper stream1(G-U1), upper stream4(G-U4) and mid stream3(G-M3) were highest as 66.7 and Geum-river mainstream's down stream1(G-D1) was lowest by 3.3.Riparian vegetation index under upper stream, middle stream, down stream in Geum-river mainstream and Mihocheon was highest in Geum-river mainstream's upper stream and lowest in Geum--river mainstream's down stream. Riparian vegetation index was negatively correlated with biological oxygen demand(BOD) and chlorophyll-a(Chl-a) in study sites.PCA using species cover degree data of belt transect in each study sites was separated by two groups. One group was consisted of ‘best(A grade)’ and ‘good(B grade)’, the other group was comprised of ’normal(C grade)‘ and ’bad(D grade)’. Cluster analysis was separated by 5 groups: Digitaria ciliaris Koel. community group, Salix gracilistyla Miq. community group, Erigeron annuus Pers. community group, Humulus japonicus Siebold & Zucc., Salix koreensis Andersson, Miscanthus sacchariflorus Benth., and Phragmites japonica Steud. community group, Conyza canadensis Cronquist and Echinochloa crusgalli var. echinata Honda community group. Study sites having similar health condition also was grouped in analysis. These result was similar in PCA. Dominance value of study sites was significantly correlated with vegetation area, structure area, waterway area, spot width, waterway width, bank height and number of species in CCA analysis. As a result, it means that the high health condition sites are dominated by Salix, Fraxinus and phragmites spp. increasing plant diversity and the low health condition sites have a wide structure area simplifing plant diversity by river maintenance work. Thus, the hight health condition area needs to maintain condition through continuous monitoring and the low health condition area needs to restore ecosystem services.

Introduction of invasive species into a new ecosystem may have various impacts such as including environmental harm,economic harm, or impact human health. After the establishment of population in a new area, a range of its habitat isexpanded. Hazard assessment for invasive species provides fundamental information for identifying current or future hazardouscondition, and it is important for the surveillance of pest occurrence as well as the development of control strategy. Itcan be also used for determining control areas and methods. Various approaches have been used in the hazard assessmentfor forest invasive species including statistical model, aerial approaches, and machine learning models. In this study, wepresent some approaches in the hazard assessment for forest pests including pine needle gall midge and pine wilt disease.

In order to consider application and evaluation of value and class of domestic wetland, we investigated 146 wetlands located Gyeongsangnam-do using Rapid Assessment Method (RAM). We utilized Self-Organizing-Map (SOM) to analysis relationship between evaluation index and land coverage ratio surrounding wetland. Among total 8 evaluation index, ‘Fish and herptile habitat’ and ‘Aesthetic value’ were higher, most of the wetlands evaluated as 2, 3 grade. Result of SOM analysis, ‘vegetation diversity and wild animals habitat’ is negatively related to the ‘Fish and herptile habitat’, because fishs were not prefer habitat excessively occupied by plant. However, high vegetation diversity can be support high score of ‘Aesthetic’ in wetland. Also, ‘Erosion control’ and ‘Flood storage and control’ were closely related, wetlands with high score of ‘Erosion control’ have high score of ‘Flood storage and control’. When applied RAM in domestic wetland, six out of 6 evaluation index induced biased results, the index of RAM need a little change as some new or modify evaluation index. Therefore, we consider to need adjustable, subdivide, and actualization of some evaluation index for application of RAM in domestic wetlands. Consequently, wetland assessment and class using RAM can be utilized as important indicate for conservation and management of wetland, and contributed greatly to maintain biodiversity include to endangered species by preserving remaining wetland.

Cut roses often have a short vase life due to water stress and ethylene damage under unfavorable postharvest conditions. In this study, we investigated the effect of various pretreatment solutions on the vase life and postharvest quality of the cut rose cultivar ‘Jinny’ (Rosa hybrida L.). Cut roses were pretreated with eight different preservative solutions for 10 hours: aluminum sulfate (AS), Chrysal (CHR), FloraLife (FLR), lysosome (LYS), MS-1 (MS1), MS-2 (MS2), silver n itrate ( SN), a nd s ilver t hiosulfate ( STS). We found that pretreatment with all solutions except LYS prolonged the vase life and improved the postharvest quality of the cut roses. Among these, STS was the most effective pretreatment solution, significantly extending the vase life from 11.8 days (control) to 19.9 days, retaining the initial fresh weight and a positive water balance for longer, and inhibiting microbial growth in the vase. STS also enhanced the water uptake rate, and maintained the high chlorophyll and soluble sucrose contents in the leaves of the cut rose flowers. In addition, we found that MS1 and MS2, which are natural plant extracts, had strong antimicrobial effects and consequently prolonged the vase life of cut roses by more than 4 days compared with the control. Therefore, MS1 and MS2 can be considered as alternative preservatives in the cut flower industry.

풀무치 (Locusta migratoria) (Orthoptrea: Acridiade)는 전 세계적으로 작물 생산에 심각한 문제를 야기하는 돌발 해충이다. 그러나 우리나라 의 경우 풀무치를 방제하기 위한 방제제 및 적용에 대한 연구는 미흡한 실정이다. 본 연구에서는 풀무치에 병원성을 갖는 풀무치병원성 진균 라이브러 리를 구축하였으며, 풀무치 방제에 이용 가능한 생물학적 방제제로서의 가능성을 평가 하였다. 먼저 갈색거저리 유충-baiting 시스템을 이용하여 다양 한 지역에서 채집된 토양에서 곤충병원성 진균을 발굴 하였다. 풀무치 병원성 검정을 진행하기 위하여 국립 농업 과학원에서 풀무치를 분양 받았으며, 고체 배양된 곤충병원성 진균을 곤충 사육 상자에 처리하여 (2 g/ box), 풀무치 약충 (3-4령충)에 대한 곤충병원성 진균의 병원성을 평가 하였다. 그 결과 곤충병원성 진균 처리 3-7일차에 풀무치의 머리, 복부, 다리 표면에서 진균이 증식하는 mycosis를 확인 할 수 있었다. 특히, Metarhizium anisopliae, M. lepidiotae, Clonostachys rogersoniana에서 높은 병원성이 나타나는 것이 확인 되었다. 확보된 34개의 풀무치병원성균주의 특성을 파악 하기 위하여 열안정성 및 포자생산성을 확인 한 결과, Paecilomyces, Purpureocillium 균주가 다른 균주에 비해 열에 대한 높은 안정성안 나타나는 것을 확인 하였으며, 대부분의 균주에서 1 × 108 conidia/gram 이상의 포자수를 생산 하는 것을 확인 하였다. 또한 온실 조건에서 비교적 병원성이 높았던 M. anisopliae 고체 배양된 균주를 토양에 처리하여 병원성을 확인한 결과, 85.7%의 높은 방제효과를 확인 할 수 있었다. 본 실험을 통하여 풀무치가 이동하면서 토양에 정착된 곤충병원성 진균에 접촉되어 치사 될 수 있을 것으로 판단되며, 효과적인 풀무치 방제가 가능 할 것이라고 판단된다.

Spermatozoa viability can be assessed by microscopy, flow cytometry, and other methods using fluorescent stain. Flow cytometry can be used to examine the morphological and functional characteristics of spermatozoa in a short time. The purpose of this study was to compare the viability of cryopreserved spermatozoa in Jeju black cattle by two dual fluorescent stain methods. Semen of Jeju black cattle raised in Subtropical Livestock Research Institute, National Institute of Animal Science, RDA were collected with artificial vaginal technique. Sperm was diluted with Triladyl®-egg yolk diluent and then was performed cryopreservation.There was no significant difference in viability of spermatozoa according to the two dual fluorescent stain methods. However, when the distribution of spermatozoa according to the staining method was compared, the spermatozoa group stained with 6-CFDA/PI was more clearly distinguished than the spermatozoa group stained with calcein AM/PI.

목적 : 본 연구는 가정안전 자가 평가도구(Home Safety Self-Assessment Tool: HSSAT)를 번안 후 신뢰도와 타당도를 검증하기 위함에 있다. 연구방법 : HSSAT의 번안을 위하여 번역과 역 번역의 과정을 실시하여 한국어판 가정안전 자가 평가도구 (Korean-translated Version of Home Safety Self-Assessment Tool; K-HSSAT)를 완성하였다. 그 후 내용타당도와 수렴타당도 검증을 실시하였다. 신뢰도 검증을 위하여 내적일치도와 검사-재검사간 신뢰도, 검사자간 신뢰도 검증을 실시하였다. 10명에게 해결책을 적용한 전·후 비교를 실시하였다. 결과 : K-HSSAT의 내용타당도 지수는 .94로 높게 나타나 내용타당도를 수립하였다. 수렴타당도 검증 결 과 K-HSSAT의 총점과 주거환경 위험평가(Checklist for Home Fall Hazard; CHFH)의 각 영역 간 상관계수는 .23~.52의 범위를 보였고 CHFH의 총 4개 영역 모두 의미 있는 양의 상관관계를 보였다 (p<.01). K-HSSAT의 내적일치도 Cronhach's α값은 .89를 나타내었다. 검사-재검사 신뢰도 검증 결 과 9가지 영역 모두 통계적으로 유의미한 상관관계를 나타내었다(p<.01)(p<.05). 검사자간 신뢰도 검증 결과 9가지 영역 모두 통계적으로 유의미한 상관관계를 나타내었다(p<.01). K-HSSAT의 해결책을 제 시하고 전·후 비교한 결과 적용 전 17.40±4.55, 적용 후 12.70±3.26로 통계적으로 유의한 차이를 보였다(p<.01). 결론 : 한국어판 가정안전 자가 평가도구(K-HSSAT)의 타당도와 신뢰도를 검증하였고 가정 낙상환경위 험 평가와 환경적 중재를 위한 다양성을 갖춘 도구임이 입증되었다.

Background: Given the potential benefits of wellness programs promoting physical activity of the community-dwelling frail elderly, it is recommended that comprehensive wellness programs combined with the component of physical activity. This may improve overall health and potentially lower the health care cost of the frail elderly. In general, the frail elderly residing in community or those after being discharged from hospitals are often committed to enhancing the status of participation in physical activity. Objects: The purposes of this study were to identify specific shortcomings of current wellness programs as part of continuum of community rehabilitation services and to propose alternatives for the care of the community-dwelling frail elderly. Through this study, geriatric health care professionals may be able to implement assessments and programs to successfully promote an effective continuum of care for the frail elderly. Methods: Article reviews were summarized and evaluated. Results: A model elaborating the relationship between components of successful wellness program and participation in physical activities for the community-dwelling frail elderly are recommended. First, periodic monitoring the levels of physical activity by the use of online measurement system should be considered. Second, individualized adaptive technologies for selecting optimal physical activities for the elderly may be better fit to individuals’ current status of physical activity. Conclusion: The current status of physical activity in community-dwelling frail elderly can be monitored by online assessment systems. Through the innovative measurement system, elderly may assess his/her physical activity status overtime, select optimal physical activities matching the status, and create the elderly’s own adaptive wellness programs that match to the status while residing in his/her community.

As the global uncertainty of manufacturing has increased and the quality problem has become global, the recall has become a fatal risk that determines the durability of the company. In addition, as the convergence of PSS (product-service system) product becomes common due to the development of IT convergence technology, if the function of any part of hardware or software does not operate normally, there will be a problem in the entire function of PSS product. In order to manage the quality of such PSS products in a stable manner, a new approaches is needed to analyze and manage the hardware and software parts at the same time. However, the Fishbone diagram, FTA, and FMEA, which are widely used to interpret the current quality problem, are not suitable for analyzing the quality problem by considering the hardware and software at the same time. In this paper, a quality risk assessment model combining FTA and FMEA based on defect rate to be assessed daily on site to manage quality and fishbone diagram used in group activity to solve defective problem. The proposed FTA-FMEA based risk assessment model considers the system structure characteristics of the defect factors in terms of the relationship between hardware and software, and further recognizes and manages them as risk. In order to evaluate the proposed model, we applied the functions of ITS (intelligent transportation system). It is expected that the proposed model will be more effective in assessing quality risks of PSS products because it evaluates the structural characteristics of products and causes of defects considering hardware and software together.

It is necessary to monitor growth status of the crops due to continuous change of climate causing insecurity in crop cultivation. Low altitude remote sensing(LARS) system is utilized to accurately monitor the growth status of the crops. In this study, models for monitoring fresh weight(FW), one of the major growth factors of Chinese cabbage, were developed with structural indices and simple ratio calculated from bands in remotely sensed canopies by NIR, RE(imaging sensor A) and multispec-4c sensors(imaging sensor B) equipped with fixed-wing UAV depending on vegetation stages of normal planting(NP) and delayed planting(DP) Chinese cabbages. In results of imaging sensor A, the estimation models using structural indices and simple ratio were divided into NP and DP due to different attribute of reflectance in canopies with changed environment condition depending on different planting dates. The estimation models using simple ratio calculated by red edge and visible bands of NP showed better performance than other models, but RMSE was high. The models using simple ratio calculated by same bands of DP were feasible to accurately estimate FW(R2 of more than 0.946 with RMSE of less than 169.5 g). In results of imaging sensor B, the estimation models using structural indices and simple ratio on DP were divided into low to intermediate FW and intermediate to high FW. As a result, estimation models of all structural indices and simple ratio in low to intermediate FW bands were advisable to estimate FW(R2 of more than 0.860 with RMSE of less than 104.7 g). Estimation models of those calculated by red edge and visible bands in intermediate to high FW were only possible to accurately estimate FW(R2 of more than 0.532 with RMSE of less than 400.7 g).