미국 및 프랑스의 경우, 초대형 항공기 출현, 항공기 기어 형상의 변화 및 항공교통의 지속적인 수요로 인하여 과거 노모그래프를 사용하는 설계법으로 포장을 설계하는데에 많은 한계가 있었다. 이러한 연유로 미국 FAA 및 프랑스 LCPC등은 포장 구조 시스템을 해석하고 이를 근거로 포장의 공용성을 예측하는 역 학적 경험적 설계법을 개발하였고, 현재도 개선 중에 있다. 줄눈 콘크리트 포장인 공항 콘크리트 포장의 경우 아스팔트 포장과는 달리 조인트를 가지는 이유로 다층탄성해석 프로그램을 통한 설계법에서 최근에 는 3차원 유한요소방법을 이용한 설계법으로 변화하고 있다. 본 연구는 국내의 역학적-경험적 공항포장 설계법을 개발하기 위해 FAA에서 개발한 공항포장용 3차원 유한요소프로그램인 FEAFAA를 참고하여 범용 해석 프로그램인 ABAQUS로 이를 개선한 모형을 구축하 였고, 기존 개발된 줄눈 콘크리트 포장용 3차원 유한요소해석 프로그램인 FEAFAA, EverFE 등과 비교하 여 구축 모형을 검증하였다. 그리고 항공기의 이동하중에 대한 포장의 거동을 해석할 수 있는 동적 해석 모형으로 확장하였고, 향후 인천공항공사의 현장 시험을 통해 모형에 대한 검증을 수행할 예정에 있다.

This study aims to estimate the species, size and shape of fish using a non-contact 3 dimensional pattern laser so that this preliminary test was carried out to understand the structural feature and length of goldfish according to water turbidity and depth in the aquacultural tank. 3-D pattern laser could clearly detect its morphological shape except the caudal fin due to soft tissue. Since the sensing strength of line laser light according to depth has sufficient power, it is possible to measure its depth and structural feature in the detected range. The result showed that the measured error of individual’s fork length was less than ±1% in the water using 3-D pattern laser, when compared with the measured value in the air.

The geotextile tube’s performance in strength, dewatering, retaining solid particles and stacked stability have been studied extensively in the past. However, only little research have been done in the observation of stress behavior of geotextile tubes. In this paper, a large-scale apparatus for geotextile tube experiment is introduced. Model tests was conducted using a custom made woven geotextile tubes. Load cells placed at the inner belly of the geotextile tube to monitor the total soil pressure. The pressure sensors are attached to a data logger which sends the collected data to a desktop computer. The experiment results showed that the maximum geotextile the soil pressure distribution varies at each geotextile tube section.

지수 함수 및 멱 법칙 함수를 이용한 점진기능재료(FGM) 판의 전단 및 두께 방향 변형을 고려한 이론을 정식화하여 동적 평형방정식을 유도하였다. 지수 함수 및 멱 법칙 함수는 두께 방향으로 재료의 변화를 고려할 수 있고 3차원 해석방법은 전단 및 두께 방향 변형을 고려함으로써 점진기능재료의 정확한 구조적 특성을 고려할 수 있다. Pasternak탄성지반 위에 놓인 4변이 단순 지지되고 전단 및 두께 방향 변형이 고려된 점진기능재료 판의 지배방정식을 풀기 위해 Navier 방법을 사용하였다. 거듭제곱 지수와 3차원 해석의 효과를 나타내기 위한 지수 및 멱 법칙 점진기능재료 판의 동적 해석결과를 제시하였다. 기존의 2차원 고차전단변형 이론 및 3차원 이론과의 관계를 수치해석 결과를 통하여 고찰하였다. 또한 (i) 거듭제곱 지수, (ii) 폭-두께 비, 그리고 (iii) 탄성지반 계수, 등이 점진기능재료 판의 자유진동수에 미치는 효과에 대하여 관찰하였다. 본 연구의 결과를 검증하기 위해 참고문헌의 결과들과 비교 분석하였다.

본 논문은 경면반사체의 3차원형상추정을 위한 광학적 방법에 관한 것으로, 특히 LED 배열로 이루어진 점광 원과 카메라로 구성된 비전시스템을 대상으로 광로분석을 이용하여 효과적인 근사화 방법을 제시한다. 제안된 방법은 취 득된 반사영상에서 점광원의 상대적 위치가 변화되며 이 변화량을 이용하여 3차원정보를 추정하는 방법을 제시하고, 실 험을 통하여 반사체의 3차원형상의 효과적 추정이 가능함을 보인다.

본 논문에서는 원통형 쉘에 부착된 노즐의 구조 건전성평가를 수행하고 그 결과를 비교하기 위해 2차원(2D)과 3차원(3D)해석이 수행되었다. 현재 원자력 발전소에서 사용되는 3개의 노즐을 구조 건전성평가를 위해 선정하였고, 각각 노즐은 내부압력, 온도변화 및 외부하중을 받는다. 내부압력에 대한 2D 해석은 1.5이상의 계수 값을 이용하거나 응력집중 계수를 적용하여야 하고, 온도변화에 대한 2D와 3D 해석결과는 피복재의 유무와 상관없이 서로 거의 비슷하며, 외부하중에 대한 WRC Bulletin 297에 의한 해석결과는 3D 해석결과보다 더 보수적임을 확인할 수 있었다.

A seismic response analysis method for three-dimensional floating offshore structures due to seaquakes is developed. The hydrodynamic pressure exerted on the structure is calculated taking into account the compressibility of the sea water, the fluid-structure interaction, the energy absorption by the seabed, and the energy radiation into infinity. To validate developed method, the hydrodynamic pressure induced by the vibration of a floating massless rigid circular disk is calculated and compared with an exact analytical solution. The developed method is applied to seismic analysis of a support structure for a floating offshore wind turbine subjected to the hydrodynamic pressures induced from a seaquake. Analysis results show that earthquake response of a floating offshore structure can be greatly influenced by the compressibility of fluid, the depth (natural frequencies) of the fluid domain, and the energy absorption capacity of the seabed.

This study investigated the embedded depth of guardrail posts through 3-D soil material model and carried out evaluation of the dynamic performance of guard rail. In order to calculate for embedded depth of sloping ground, displacement of guardrail posts is analyzed according to the embedded depth of experiment variables. Through the static test of guardrail posts, the maximum deflection was found to decrease the interval. By performing the dynamic test using the Bogie Car, that is confirmed the elastic modulus of the soil occuring the maximum deflection. Guardrail posts is considered to need for further reinforcement in the larger slope than the plains. This study researched about maximum displacement and deviation velocity through dynamic performance of guardrail system and conducted analysis about protection performance evaluation of passenger.

The aim of this study was to use a 3D human body scanner to analyze the cross section of different body parts when a girdle is worn. Two types of girdles were selected as experimental garments: a standard type girdle (Garment A) and a high-waist type girdle (Garment B). Their sizes were 88 (S) and 94 (M). Ten female subjects in their twenties who wear girdles sizes 88 (S) and 94 (M) participated the experiment. Their bodies were scanned three times with the 3D human body scanner, before and after wearing experimental girdles. The data were collected by overlapping the cross sections of the 3D scanned body shape data. The space length was measured from the overlapped cross sections. The results show that human body silhouette are changed after wearing the compression type garments and the amount and place of the body change is different by style of garments. First, the waist girth shape became rounder. Second, there was a definite difference in space amount at abdomen girth between two types of girdle. The abdomen area was pushed toward the front after wearing the standard type girdle (A). The high-waist type girdle (B) pushed abdomen area toward the back. Third, there was clear difference at the hip area after wearing two types of girdle. The hip area pushed toward the front with the standard type girdle (A) and pushed toward the back with the high-waist type girdle (B).

A three-dimensional computational fluid dynamics code is developed for predicting nonequilibrium flowfields over Mars entry probes. The numerical scheme is based on the cell-vertex finite volume method for a prismatic unstructured mesh system. Internal energy excitations and chemical reactions with finite rates are considered by introducing the two-temperature model of Park. Eight chemical species, C, N, O, CO, N2, NO, O2, and CO2, and nine chemical reactions are considered in the calculations. The developed code is verified in terms of prediction of heat flux to the body surface near the stagnation point of a Mars entry probe flying with the velocity of 6 km/s. The calculated heat flux reasonably agree with the calculated result in the past studies.

In this paper, the forward and inverse kinematics equations for demolition fire vehicle with 6-DOF were developed. This was done through the development of an interface that allows co-simulation using MATHEMATICA and ADAMS. The implementation of this project was done entirely in MATHEMATICA by calculating the kinematics equations to demonstrate the usefulness of this product. The forward and inverse kinematics of the demolition fire vehicle represents the position and orientation of the end-effector as any desired location. This research was particularly conducted using the simulator, and it showed good approximation results in terms of solving a reaching task problem.

The angle of attack of a cambered otter board in a bottom trawl was estimated using a three-dimensional semi-analytic treatment of a towing cable (warp) system that was applied to the field experiments of a bottom trawl obtained by the Scanmar system. The equilibrium condition of the horizontal component and vertical component of forces was used to the three forces acting on the otter board in the horizontal plane. Those forces were the force on the warp at the bracket, hydrodynamic lift and drag forces on the otter board and the force on the hand rope attached just behind the otter board. Also the equilibrium of moment about the front edge of the otter board was used to find out the angle of attack of the cambered otter board. When the warp length was 120m and 180m long and the towing speed was between 1.23 and 1.90 m/s, the estimated angle of attack of the cambered otter board was ranged between 26.1° and 29.6°, respectively, though the maximum lift force was at the angle of attack 22.6°. The angle of attack of the otter board was tended to increase weakly with the longer length of warp (180 m) at the same towing speed in the experiment.

The purpose of this study was to analyze the breast growth variation trends and characteristics of Korean adolescent girls based on 3D body measurements. Subjects were 174 girls aged between 13 and 18. 3D body scanning data were collected and the data were measured by Geomagic Design X program. The total of 18 anthropometric measurements and 4 index items were analyzed. The main results of this study are as follows: 1) Overall, the breast growth of adolescent girls got out of children's body shapes at the age of 14 and the adult's body shapes appeared remarkably at the age of 18. Before the age of 15, the adolescent girls' breast enlarged. 2) The surface lengths of upper body, which means the breast volume, showed significant growth above B cup groups rather than under A cup groups. The demand of B cup size (32.2%) was higher than A cup size (25.9%). And 35.6% of subjects' brassiere band size was 70. 3) The thorax grew evenly in the circumference, depth and breadth. The thoracic development related to the breast volume as well as the whole upper body's development. These results reveal that it is necessary to develop adolescent girls' brassiere reflecting on adolescent girls' breast growth variation trends and characteristics by age, breast size and thoracic development.

본 논문에서는 현재 시공중인 58층의 철근콘크리트조 고층건물에서 진동현식게이지를 통해 계측된 기둥의 축방향 변형률과 레이져 스캐닝을 통해 구한 횡변위를 3차원 시공단계해석에 의한 예측치와 비교하였다. 예측치는 ACI 209와 PCA의 재료모델식, PCA report의 축소량 산정알고리즘을 3차원 구조해석 프로그램으로 개발한 ASAP을 사용하여 구하였다. 비교결과 평면의 중앙부 기둥의 축방향 변형율 계측치는 시공단계 해석치와 거의 유사한 결과를 나타내었으나 각 모서리에 두 개씩 배치된 기둥의 경우 비교적 큰 오차를 나타내었다. 레이져 스캐닝에 의한 횡변위 계측결과는 해석결과와 유사한 경향을 보였으나 층당 계측치가 큰 변동을 나타내므로 향후 이를 해결하기 위한 계측 및 데이터 처리기법이 요구된다.