Phytic acid (PA) is a naturallu occurring polyphosphorylated carbohydrate that is present in substantial amounts in almost all plants and mammalian cells. Recently PA has received much attention for its role in anticancer activity. We investigated the preventive effect of PA on the formation of colonic aberrant crypt foci (ACF), a preneoplastic lesion, induced by azoxymethane (AOM). After acclimation for one week, six-week old male ICR mice were fed on the AIN-93G purified diet and PA (0.5% or 2% PA in water) for 8 weeks. The animals were treated with azoxymethane (AOM, 10 mg/kg b.w.) three times (0, 1, and 2 weeks) to induce colonic aberrant crypt foci (ACF). After sacrifice, the total numbers of aberrant crypts (AC) and ACF in colonic mucosa were counted after staining with methylene blue. Blood and serum were analyzed with a blood cell differential counter and an automatic serum analyzer. AOM treatment without PA induced the total numbers of 85.7 ± 12.9 and 115.2 ± 19.9, respectively. PA at the dose of 2% AC/colon by PA at the dose of 0.5% were 73.4 ± 12.9 and 115.2 ± 19.9, respectively. PA at the dose of 2% significantly decreased the ACF and AC numbers to 56.5 ± 14.6 and 95.4 ± 17.2, respectively (p＜0.01). PA at the doses of 0.5 and 2% decreased the numbers of ACF and AC/colon in a dose-dependent manner. Although some parameters in blood counts and serum chemistry were changed compared with the control, no specific toxicity was found. Theses findings suggest that phytic acid can be a chemopreventive agent for colon carcinogenesis resulting from inhibition of the development of ACF in ICR mice.

2007년 6월 시행된 개정 저작권법은 특수한 유형의 OSP에 대하여 권리자의 요청이 있는 경우 기술적 보호 조치를 의무화(저작권법 제104조) 하였고 동법 시행령(저작권법 시행령 제46조)에 의해 기술적 보호조치의 내용을 구체화하였다. 이 법에서 특수한 유형의 OSP는 P2P와 웹하드(Webhard) 서비스를 지칭하며, 이러한 특수한 유형의 OSP 사업은 기본적으로 불특정 다수에 의한 콘텐츠 불법복제 전송을 기대한 사업 형태이므로 OSP가 상당한 정도의 주의를 기울이지 않는다면 일반 사용자가 저작물 불법복제 침해 행위에 너무도 쉽게 노출되는 위험이 있다. 또한 개별 권리자들은 자신의 저작재산권을 보호하기 위하여, 해당 OSP에 대하여 일일이 이를 추적하여 기술적 보호 조치를 요구하거나 이에 대한 이행을 모니터링 하기는 현실적으로 어렵고, 나아가 민·형사 상의 소송을 통해 권리를 보호 받기에도 어려운 상황이다. 따라서 특수한 유형의 온라인 서비스 제공자에 대한 본 조항이 신설된 것은 상대적으로 특수한 유형의 온라인 서비스 제공자가 저작물에 대한 권리침해의 정도가 많고, 용이하다는 측면과 그 폐해의 정도가 심각한 점을 감안한 것으로, 적극적인 기술적 보호조치를 요구함으로써 건전한 시장 질서를 유지하기 위해 보다 높은 수준의 주의 의무 및 관리책임을 부과하는 것으로 이해되어야 할 것이다. 아직까지 특수한 유형의 OSP의 서비스 방식에 의해 콘텐츠 산업은 물론 IT기술 발달에 기여가 증명되거나 관련 산업 발달에 긍정적인 결과를 가져올 것이라고 단정하기는 힘든 상황이며, 오히려 무분별한 불법복제로 인해 폐해가 산업 곳곳에 발목을 잡고 있음을 직시할 때, 특수한 유형의 OSP의 산업적 재평가도 필요할 것으로 생각한다.

This study was conducted to prepare acrylic removable protective coatings by emulsion polymerization. Monomers used were n-butyl acrylate, acrylonitrile, butyl methacrylate. Emulsifiers used were sodium lauryl sulfate and polyoxyethylene lauryl ether, which are an anionic emulsifier and a nonionic emulsifier respectively. Potassium persulfate was used as an initiator and polyvinyl alcohol was used as a stabilizer. Emulsion polymerization was carried out in a semi-batch reactor at 70℃ and agitation speed was 200 rpm. Tensile strength, extension, peel strength, viscosity, and solid contents of the synthesized coatings were examined. The coatings prepared with BA:AN = 60:20 (in weight ratio) satisfied the standard for automobile in terms of extension and peel strength. When the concentration of BMA was in a range of 18~23 wt%, the prepared coatings satisfied the standard for automobile in terms of peel strength and water resistance.

EGCG [(-)-epigallocatechin gallate], is a major component of green tea has been considered as a major antioxidant constituent. It has been considered as potential chemopreventive and chemotherapeutic agents. However, very little is known about the cellular actions by which EGCG mediates its therapeutic effects. Various aspects of antioxidant activity of EGCG were evaluated in this study. EGCG itself did not show significant cytotoxicity. Significant 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity was observed in all ranges of concentration (0.8-100μ/mℓ used in this study. Protective effect of EGCG against hydrogen peroxide induced cell death was observed. Relatively high lipid peroxidation inhibitory activity were detected ( IC50was about 20μg/mℓ). EGCG also dose-dependently enhanced the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GPX) in V79-4 cells. In concentrations of 100μ/mℓ of EGCG, activities of SOD, CAT and GPX were measured as 36.9 U/mg of protein, 22.9 U/mg of protein and 17.8 U/mg of protein, respectively. When these values were compared with those of the control groups (24.9 U/mg of protein, 14.9 U/mg of protein and 11.7 U/mg of protein), the relative increases were calculated as 48, 54 and 52%, respectively. Taken together, our findings suggest that EGCG can act as an antioxidant by scavenging radicals and enhancing antioxidant enzyme activities.

Anti-oxidation coatings are the key technique for carbon/carbon (C/C) composites used as the thermal structural materials. The microstructure and oxidation behavior of several kinds of high-performance ceramic coatings for C/C composites prepared in Northwestern Polytechnical University were introduced in this paper. It showed that the ceramic coatings such as SiC, Si-MoSi2, SiC-MoSi2, Al2O3-mullite-SiC and SiC/yttrium silicate/glass coatings possessed excellent oxidation resistance at high temperatures, and some of these coatings were characterized with excellent thermal shock resistance. The SiC-MoSi2 coating system has the best oxidation protective property, which can effectively protect C/C composites from oxidation up to 1973 K. In addition, the protection and failure reasons of some coatings at high temperature were also provided.

이전 논문에서 미 중부 및 동남부 지역의 전형적인 다경간 단순효와 다경간 강거더 연속교의 지진 응답을 연구하였으며, 이런 교량에서 덱 사이의 충돌과 큰 연성이 요구되는 기둥은 취약하여 손상을 입을 수 있다는 것을 보여주었다. 더구나, 고정 및 가동 교조장치는 강한 지진운동에 쉽게 피해를 입을 수 있다. 이 논문에서는 몇 개의 개선된 고무 베어링, 납-고무 베어링 그리고 제지선을 사용하여 전형적인 다경간 단순교와 다경간 강거더 연속교의 지진 응답을 평가하였다. 납-고무 베어링은 지진에 취약한 전형적인 교량의 응답을 개선하는데 효과적인 방법으로 평가되었다. 고무 베어링은 기둥의 요구량을 줄이지만, 다경간 단순교 강거더 교량에서 덱 사이의 강한 충돌을 유발시킨다. 제지선은 일반적으로 사용되지만 다경간 단순교와 다경간 연속교의 지진에 대한 손상을 절감하는데 중간정도의 효과를 보여주었다.

삼백초가 CCl_4 투여로 유발된 rat의 지질대사에 미치는 효과를 알아보기 위해 NCT, CTA, SCT군으로 각각 10마리씩 나누어 NCT군과 CTA군은 0.9% saline을 SCT군은 삼백초 100mg/kg이 되게 2주 동안 매일 복강내에 투여하였다. 15일째에 CCl_4를 CTA군과 SCT군에 투여하였다. 희생시켜서 혈청과 간의지질대사를 관찰한 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 혈청 중의 AST와 ALT의 활성도에서 SCT군은 CTA군에 비교해서 각각 43.18%, 96.05% 억제되었다. 2. Total cholesterol에서 삼백초를 투여한 SCT군은 NCT군 비교해서 0.95배 증가하였으며, 혈청중의 HDL-cholesterol 보다 0.73배 감소하였다. 3. 혈청중의 TG의 함량은 CTA군이 NCT군에 비해 1.53배 증가하였다. CTA군에 비해 SCT군은 0.93배 감소하였으며, 19.00%로 억제되었다. 4. 간조직 중의 MDA량은 SCT군이 CTA군에 비해 0.85배 감소하였고, 33.00%의 억제율을 보였다.

To evaluate the effect of Jingansikpungtang water extract on cultured mouse spinal sensory neuron which was inhibited by glucose oxidase(GO)-induced cytotoxicity, NR assay and TBARS assay for lipid peroxidation were carried out after the cultured mouse spinal sensory neuron were pre-incubated with various concentrations of Jingansikpungtang water extract for 3 hours prior to exposure of GO. GO, a oxygen radical, decreased the survival rate of the cultured mouse spinal sensory neuron cells on NR assay. Jingansikpungtang water extract have efficacy of decreasing lipid peroxidation increasing by GO in cultured mouse spinal sensory neuron. From above the results, it is concluded that Jingansikpungtang has marked efficacy as a treatment for the damages caused in the GO-mediated oxidative process..

This study is focused on the process of community resource building for the protective and corrective agencies. Because of lack of skills and funds at these agencies, it becomes known that various resources should be mobilized from the community to enhance the capacity of those correctional institutions. The mobilization of community resource is much required not only for the high quality of programs but also for the development of the participants. In the study, social exchange theory and some concepts including voluntary are mentioned to rationalize the process of community resource building. Also three cases are introduced as the community resource building in the field of corrections. A model of community resource building for the protective and corrective agencies is developed based on the theory and those concepts. Community resource building could be processed through the following levels; assessment, recruitment, training, application, and evaluation. Specially, community resource building should be emphasized to reward the participants for their efforts. Furthermore, community resource building is an important independent program from the main program which is to be conducted at the correctional centers. The model of community resource building developed in this study needs to be applied at the correctional institutions to make up for the weak points.

This study was performed to find out the optimal larval stage among trochophore, D-shaped and umbo stage larvae and the desirable protective additive such as fructose, glucose, sucrose and trehalose with cryoprotectant for cryopreservation of surf clam, Spisula sachalinensis larvae. Dimethyl sulfoxide and ethylene glycol were used as cryoprotectant and each cryoprotectant was made to 2.0 M with previous protective additives. The larvae were immersed in the preparations waited for 15 minutes to reach equilibration, and then frozen in a program freezer (-35) and liquid nitrogen (-196). The freezing rate of 1.0 /min. was used for cryopreservation of trochophores before seeding temperature (-12). The survival rate of frozen-thawed larvae increased as larval developing and that of umbo stage larvae was the highest as 96.1 1.0%. The presence of lower concentration of disaccharides as sucrose or trehalose significantly enhanced survival rate when mixed with cryoprotectants (P<0.05). The results of our study indicate that desirable developmental stages of larvae and protective additive for cryopreservation are the umbo stage larvae and 0.2 M sucrose, respectively.

The main constituent of green tea, catechins have been reported to have numberous biological activites including antimutagenic, antibacterial, hypocholesterolemic, antioxidant and antitumor properties. In the present study, we examined the protective effect of catechin on UVB-induced skin damage. Catechin (3 mg/mouse) was topically treated to dosal area of SHK-1 hairless mouse daily for 2 weeks. UVB (100 mJ/㎠) was also treated soon after application of catechin alone or with catechin for 2 weeks. Catechin reduced UVB-induced infiltration of inflammatory cells, fibrosis of cells and collagen-fiber formation. In addition, catechin also prevented UVB-induced DNA fragmentation and apoptosis cell number, but not changed p53 level. Furthermore catechin inhibited UVB-induced cell proliferation. There results showed that catechin have preventive effect against UVB-induced skin damages, and these effects could contribute to the antitumor promotors activity.