산초나무는 잎에서 총 52개, 열매에서 48개 향기 성분이 동정되었으며, 4개 지역에서 잎의 주요 공통 성분은 (E)-2-hexenal, α-pinene, (Z)-ocimene+limonene, estragole, germacrene-d 이였으며, 열매에서는 estragole이였다. Hexanal, (Z)-3-hexenol, (E)-2-hexenal, n-hexanol 성분은 잎에서만 검출되었고, undecanone 성분은 열매에서만 나타났다. 지역간 큰 차이를 보인 잎의 정유성분은 hexanal, azulene이었고, 열매에서는 (Z)-ocimene+limonene이였다. 초피나무 잎에서 총 30개, 열매에서 27개 향기 성분이 동정되었으며, 잎의 주요 공통 성분은 백양사와 내장사지역의 성분이 α-pinene, β-phellandrene, 1,8-cineole, citronellal이였고, 통도사 지역은 (Z)-3-hexenol, (E)-2-hexenal, α-pinene, myrcene이 주요성분 이였다. 백양사와 내장사에서 채취한 열매의 공통 성분은 myrcene, (Z)-ocimene+limonene, β-phellandrene이였고, 통도사에서는 β-phellandrene, citronellal, geranyl acetate이 주성분이였다.

A numerical model is investigated to predict a behavior of the gaseous volatile organic compounds and a subsurface contamination caused by them in the unsaturated zone. Two dimensional advective-dispersion equation caused by a density difference and two dimensional diffusion equation are computed by a finite difference method in the numerical model. A laboratory experiment is also carried out to compare the results of the numerical model. The dimensions of the experimental plume are 1.2m in length, 0.5m in height, and 0.05m in thickness. In comparing the result of 2 methods used in the numerical model with the one of the experiment respectively, the one of the advective-dispersion equation shows better than the one the diffusion equation.

This study analyzed concentrations of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) produced from incineration of papers at 600 ℃. The papers used in this study included A4 papers (new, printed with ink-jet, printed with carbon), newspapers (printed with bean oil, printed with a general newspaper ink), packaging box, document envelope, single-use paper cup, and cosmetic tissue. Papers were heated from room temperature upto 600℃ providing air inside of the electric furnace and then they were oxidized for 80 minutes at 600℃ maintaining the same air supply. VOCs emitted from the incineration process were sampled using an air sampling pump and bags for 160 minutes and then the components and concentrations of the VOCs were analyzed by a GC-MS. The most prominent chemical structure of the Vous identified from incineration of the papers was furans and then furans were followed by aromatics and aliphatic alkenes. About 40 % of the identified VOCs contained double bonds, which have relatively a high ozone (ground level) formation potential, within their molecular structure. Also, some cancer suspecting compounds like benzene, dichloromethane and chloroform were identified.

본 연구는 향기성분을 많이 포함하고 있는 꿀풀과의 대표적인 5종류를 선정하여 이들을 대상으로 소량의 시료만으로도 신속하게 분석할 수 있는 고상 미량 추출법(Solid Phase Microextraction: SPME)과 동시증류추출법(Simultaneous Distillation and Extraction : SDE)으로 향기성분을 분석하였다. 분석결과 5종류의 꿀풀과 약초의 향기성분 구성은 linanol, limonene, citral, trans-geraniol 등의 monoterpene alcohol, monoterpene aldehyde 및 ketone 과 trans-caryophyllene, δ-cadinene 등의 sesquiterpene 성분들이 주로 검출되었다. 분석결과 기존의 향기성분 연구에 많이 사용되는 동시증류추출법(SDE)과 주성분에서 대부분 유사하였으나 형개의 향기성분처럼 SPME법에서 많은 성분이 검출되지 않는 경우도 있었고 배초향, 박하의 성분처럼 SDE법에서 검출되지 않은 일부 성분도 SPME법에서 검출되기도 하였다. 이러한 결과는 SPME법은 낮은 온도에서 흡착만으로 성분의 포집이 이루어지므로 추출, 농축 등의 조작에 의한 SDE법보다 이차적인 변질이 적었기 때문으로 생각되었다. 따라서 SPME법은 열변성이 적고 소량으로 다수의 시료를 분석할 수 있어 향신약초의 품종육종 등에 사용할 수 있는 간편하고 신속한 방법이 될 것으로 생각된다.

오미자 (Schizandra chinensis Bullion)의 건조방법에 따른 휘발성성분의 변화를 알아보고자 생체시료와 건조시료에 대한 SDE (steam distillation & extraction) 추출분석과 Headspace 분석을 하였다. 건조방법별 오미자의 정유함량은 생체시료에서 0.58%, 냉동건조시료에서 0.60%, 열풍건조 (60℃) 시료에서 0.30%를 나타냈다. SDE 추출된 정유의 성분조성을 조사한 결과, 생체시료의 주요 성분은 terpinen-4-ol(9.01%), γ-terpinene(7.02%), β-myrcene(7. 55%), 기타 sesquiterpene류(28.48%) 등으로 나타났다. 냉동 건조시료의 경우도 비슷한 경향을 보였으나, 열풍 건조시료에서는 γ-terpinene(5.40%), β-elemene(8.28%), 기타 sesquiterpene류(50.38%)등을 주로 함유하여 열풍건조에 의해 성분 조성이 달라졌다. Headspace 분석의 경우 SDE 분석과는 다른 성분조성을 보였는데 생체시료는 β-myrcene(22.05%), γ-terpinen(9.47%), α-pinene(8.91%), sabinene (8.48%) 등이 주성분으로 나타났다. 건조시료의 성분조성은 대체적으로 냉동건조, (60℃) 열풍건조, (80℃) 열풍건조 순으로 β-myrcene, α-terpinene 등은 감소하였고, α-ylangene, α-pinene, camphene 등은 증가하는 경향이었다. 건조조건에 따라 정유성분의 함량과 조성 이 SDE 분석과 Headspace 분석 모두에서 변화하였는데, 전반적으로 monoterpene류와 알코올류의 조성은 감소하고 상대적으로 고비점 화합물인 sesquiterpene류의 조성은 증가하는 경향을 나타냈다.

Volatile flavor compounds from perilla leaves were extracted and analyzed with different methods, head-space analysis (HS), simultaneous steam distillation and extraction (SDE) , and solvent extraction (SE), and to compare their efficiencies for quick analysis. Over 30 volatile compounds were isolated and 28 compounds were identified by GC/MSD. Major compound was perillaketone showing the compositions of which were 92% in SDE method, 86% in headspace analysis, and 62% in solvent extraction method. For quick evaluation of leaf flavor in perilla, it was desirable because the headspace analysis method had a shorter analyzing time and smaller sample amount than the other methods.

The volatile organic compounds(VOCs) emitted from raw garlic and Kimchee were analyzed with thermal desorption or purge & trap/gas chromatography/mass selective detection method. Very offensive compounds such as methyl allyl sulfide, dimethyl sulfide, dimethyl disulfide, diallyl sulfide, methyl allyl disulfide, diallyl disulfide and dimethyl trisulfide were detected, and among them, dimethyl disulfide and dimethyl trisulfide were confirmed to be generated during the precocity of Kimchee or emitted from the stuff of Kimchee other than the garlic. Malodorous compounds emitted from the garlic or Kimchee were detected in the breath of a Korean and the refregirator keeping Kimchee. It was confirmed that the disufides emitted from the garlic or Kimchee were major components of offensive odor in the alveolar air and the refregirator. It was clarified that heat process is very effective to reduce odorous VOCs in garlic or Kimchee.

To enhance the utilization of garlic shoots as food material, the nutritional and volatile flavor com pounds were investigated for garlic shoots, both cold and warm region type garlic shoots. Proximate composition of cold and warm region type was as follows, respectively; crude protein 2%, crude lipid 0.4%, crude ash 1.1% and 1.5%, crude fiber 1.3% and 1.5%. The major fatty acids of 2 varieties of garlic shoots were linoleic, palmitic and linolenic acid, and their desaturation ratio of them was comparatively high, showing 73.7 and 66.8%, respectively. Free sugars were composed of glucose, sucrose, fructose, arabinose and sorbitol. In the total amino acid analysis, the major amino acids were glutamic acid and aspartic acid. The volatile flavor compounds of fresh garlic shoots extracted by hexane and Likens-Nikerson steam distillation apparatus were identified to be methyl-2-propenyl disulfide, diallyl disufide, propenyl propyl disulfide, di-2-propyl-trisulfide, 2-vinyl-1,3-dithiane, and 2-vinyl-4H-1,3-dithiin. Hexane was more effective than steam distillation for extraction of volatile components of garlic shoots.

Volatile organic compounds(VOCs) are of concern for their potential chronic toxicity, their suspected role in the formation of smog, and their suspected role in destruction of stratospheric ozone. Present study evaluated the exposures to selected VOCs in three microenvironments: 2 chlorinated and 5 aromatic VOCs in the indoor and outdoor air, and 5 aromatic VOCs in the breathing zone air of gas-service station attendants. With permissible Quality Assurance and Quality Control performances VOC concentrations were measured 1) to be higher in indoor air than in outdoor air, 2) to be higher in two Taegu residential areas than in a residential area of Hayang, and 3) to be higher in the nighttime than in the daytime. Among five aromatics, Benzene and Toluene were two most highly measured VOCs in breathing zone air of service station attendants. Based on the sum of VOC concentrations, the VOC exposure during refueling was estimated to be about 10% of indoor and outdoor exposures. For Benzene only, the exposure during refueling was estimated to cause about 52% of indoor and outdoor exposure. The time used to calculate the exposures was 2 minutes for refueling and 24 hours for indoor and outdoor exposures.

To perform a long-term ambient sampling study at a residential site, an air sampler was constructed to collect 24-hour integrated air samples suitable for the volatile organic compounds (VOCs) analysis. It includes an esthetically acceptance due to proximity to homes, as well as providing the required sampling specifications. The VOCs sampler accomodates four 5/8 stainless steel(SS) traps packed with adsorbent(Tenax) and is capable of four flow rates in the range of 5 to 50 cc/min. Sintered metal filters(10 micrometer) were directly connected to the inlet of the trap adapters. Additional specifications include: 1) constructed of organically inert materials. 2) weatherproof, 3) battery operated, 4) collecting of VOCs at a breathing zone level, , and 5) quiet operation with micro diaphragm pumps wrapped by the sponge. The pump/battery system was separated from the sampling shelter. Sound levels measured for this system were below permissible sound levels (NJDEP) at a residential site. The sampler has been successfully operated at both ground level in a residential area and on the roof of a one story elementary school.