황해 동부 해안의 홀로세 해수면 변동 특성을 이해하고 시기 별 상승추세를 비교하기 위하여 지질학적 대리기 록과 기기관측 자료를 통합하여 분석하였다. 홀로세 동안 황해의 해수면은 초기에 약 10 mm/yr의 속도로 빠르게 상승 하고 중기를 거쳐 후기로 갈수록 해수면 상승률은 1 mm/yr 정도로 둔화되며, 20세기 해수면은 홀로세 후기보다 다소 빠르게 상승하였다. 빠른 상승으로 알려진 현재 해수면 상승률은 홀로세 초기와 중기의 상승추세와 비교할 때 사실 훨씬 낮거나 비슷하게 나타난다. 최근 조위계 자료는 황해 해수면이 21세기로 갈수록 상승률이 높아지고 있음을 나타낸 다. 이러한 상승 추세는 전 지구적 해수면 변화와 일치한다. 추가적으로, 연구지역에서 현재의 해수면 상승 추세는 이 산화탄소 농도와 해수표층온도의 증가율과 대비되며, 이는 인간활동에 수반된 지구온난화의 신호이다. 그러므로 황해 동부와 전세계의 해양에서 관찰되는 현 지구온난화에 의해 야기된 해수면 변화를 ‘인류세’ 해수면 변화라고 제안한다. 이 해수면변화는 조위계와 인공위성 고도계 같은 기기관측을 기반으로 하며, 계측시대를 의미한다. 이와 같이, 황해의 홀로세 해수면 변동은 대리기록으로, ‘인류세’ 해수면은 기기관측을 기반으로 한다.

The genus of Cinara (Aphididae: Lachninae) live on the roots, trunk, branches, twigs, shoots or foliage of Coniferae and can be easily distinguished in having the very big body, apterae up to 5-6 ㎜ in length and short antennae which are shorter than half the body length. Most of species are monoecious without host alternation and attended by ants. Based on body appearance and COI gene sequence, we report Cinara cuneomaculata (Del Guercio) on Larix kaempferi, C. largirostris Zhang G. & W. Zhang on Pinus thunbergii and P. dnesiflora, C. smaragdina (Pashtshenko) on Abies holophylla and C. piceae on Juniperus rigida, for the first time in Korea.

Family Tineidae belongs to the superfamily Tineoidea, with about 2,500 species belonging to 450 genera all over the world (Robinson, 2009). Adult are usually very small to medium-size, 5-20 mm in the wingspan. Larvae feed on fern, lichens, fungi, animal detritus such as feathers, skin and fur and on vegetable matter. In Korea, family Tineidae is reported 7 subfamilies, 26 species (Korean Checklist, 2009), while in Japan reported 13 subfamilies, about 60 species (Hirowatari et al., 2013). In the present study, the species of Korean tineidae are reviewed, with their life cycle, habitat, and food-sources such as keratin materials. We collect that and rear in the rearing cage. Main target of this research is subfamily Tineinae, and is larvae feed on a variety of substrates that contain either keratin or chitin sources such as feathers, fur, pellets, arthropod remains, guano, and wool. In this study we recognized 36 species including 4 newly recorded from Korea for the first time.

The bdelloids collected from various terrestrial habitats such as mosses, lichens, mushrooms on tree trunks, leaf litter and soil at four different locations in Korea were investigated. Five bdelloids new to Korea were identified: Macrotrachella inermis Donner, 1965, Macrotrachela magna Schulte, 1954, Macrotrachela oblita Donner, 1949, Habrotrocha eremita (Bryce, 1894) and Habrotrocha schultei Donner, 1965. All these rotifers except M. inermis are new to Asia as well. Remarkably, these five Korean new records included four rare species with poorly known distributions. M. magna and H. schultei are recorded outside their type localities for the first time. M. oblita has been reported only from five European countries, and M. inermis has been known from three European countries and Eastern Turkey before the present study. The taxonomy and distribution of each rare bdelloid are discussed here.

각진장미흰깍지벌레, 참식나무흰깍지벌레와 후박나무굴깍지벌레로부터 채집된 Encarsia explorata (Silvestri) [후박굴깍지좀벌 (신칭)] 및 담배가루이로부터 채집된 Encarsia lutea (Masi) [가루이좀벌 (신칭)] 을 국내분포로 처음 보고한다. 또한 이들 종들의 검색표, 식별형질, 사진자료, 분포 및 기주 정보도 함께 제공하였다.

본 연구에서는 검정꼬마자루맵시벌속 (Cremastus Gravenhorst, 1829)과 가시자루맵시벌속 (Pristomerus Curtis, 1836)의 3미기록종 (Cremastus crassitibialis Uchida, 1940, Pristomerus rufiabdominalis Uchida, 1928 and P. scutellaris Uchida, 1932)을 우리나라에 처음으로 보고 한다. 이 중 검정꼬마자루맵시벌속은 국내에서 처음으로 기록되는 속이다. 본 연구결과인 3 미기록종을 포함하여 현재 배자루맵시벌아과는 국내에 4속 11종이 기록되어있다. 본 논문에서는 한국산 배자루맵시벌아과의 속 검색표, 미기록종의 재기재문 및 이미지를 제공하였다.

We verified three ciliates - Dysteria brasiliensis Faria et al., 1922, Dysteria lanceolata Claparède and Lachmann, 1859, and Dysteria ovalis (Gourret and Roeser, 1886) Kahl, 1931 - as previously unrecorded species in Korea. These three ciliates were collected from Incheon Harbor and Geojin Harbor in Korea. We describe the three species based on live observations, protargolimpregnated specimens, and silver nitrate-impregnated specimens.

The oligochaete worms in the genus Nais are common to freshwater habitats. These worms have a highly-developed prostomium and pigmented eye spots. All species have hair chaetae, bifid or single pointed needle chaetae on the dorsal side and ventral chaetae beginning in II with bifid crotchets. Most species of Nais genus live in areas where bottom is covered by sand, gravel or organic matter in aquatic plants. Currently, 26 species of Nais have been recorded worldwide. From the recent faunal studies, 3 species of Nais have been newly reported in Korea. Here, we newly report 6 species of Nais with diagnosis, illustrations and identification keys to Korean Nais species: N. behningi, N. pseudobtusa, N. simplex, N. bretscheri, N. stolci and N. elinguis.

The rotifers collected from various terrestrial habitats such as mosses, lichens and mushrooms on tree trunks at four different locations in Korea were investigated. Five species and one subspecies belonging to four genera in three families of monogonont and bdelloid rotifers were identified: Adineta cuneata Milne, 1916, Macrotrachela insolita De Koning, 1947, Macrotrachela musculosa Milne, 1886, Macrotrachela nana nana (Bryce, 1912), Mniobia bredensis De Koning, 1947 and Bryceella stylata (Milne, 1886). All these rotifers are new to Korea, and A. cuneata, M. bredensis and B. stylata are new to Asia as well. Here diagnostic characteristics and illustrations are provided for each Korean new record.

본 연구에서는 기생성 맵시벌과의 4종에 대하여 새로운 숙주를 보고하고자 한다. 4종의 맵시벌과는 황오색나비 (나비목: 네발나비과), 밤색하 늘소 (딱정벌레목: 하늘소과), 황다리독나방 (나비목: 독나방과)의 번데기에서 각각 발견되었다. 본 논문에서는 맵시벌과 4종의 간략한 식별형질과 사진정보, 황다리독나방에 기생하는 맵시벌과의 목록을 제시 하였다.

Pogonini Laporte, 1834 is one of the tribes in Trechinae Bonelli, 1810 (Coleoptera: Carabidae). This tribe is morphologically similar to Trechini, Benbidiini, Zolini and Patrobini of the subfamily. However, Pogonini can be distinguished from the other tribes by having a combination of the following characters: apical maxillary palpomere fusiform; umbilical series of setae on elytron more or less contiguous (though sparse in middle); each tarsomeres with a median sulcus on dorsal side. Pogonini includes about 85 species of 12 genera worldwide and is found in all zoogeographical regions of the world. Many species inhabit along the sea coasts or near salt lakes, and are recognized as halobiont. In Korea, Paik (1998) reported Pogonus (Pogonus) itoshimaensis Habu, 1954. However, he added only the species name in the checklist without description or illustration although few specimens were examined. After Paik’s study, any studies on taxonomic status and distribution of Korean Pogonini have not been carried out. The genus Pogonus Dejean is the largest group in Pogonini with two subgenera: P. (Pogonoidius Carret, 1903) and P. (Pogonus Dejean, 1821). These two subgenera share very similar external morphological characters; Pogonoidius has setae on anterior angles of pronotum and setae at 7th interval of elytra while Pogonus does not have them. In the present study, two species, Pogonus (Pogonus) japonicus Putzeys, 1875 and P. (Pogonoidius) punctulatus Dejean, 1828, are newly recognized from Korea. A key to the Korean Pogonini species, redescription, distribution, photos of diagnostic characters, and illustrations of male and female genitalia are provided.

Arboridia(두점박이애매미충) 속(노린재목: 매미아목: 매미충과: 매미충아과)의 국내 미기록 2종인 Arboridia lunula Song & Li, 2013 와 Arboridia agrillacea (Anufriev, 1969)을 기록한다. 성충의 사진과 함께 수컷의 생식기와 복부, 날개의 그림과 채집기록을 기재한다. 또한 국내 Arboridia 속의 검색표를 제공한다.

직접적인 기주식물 조사와 기존 문헌자료의 기록을 재검토하여, 한국산 하늘소과(딱정벌레목: 잎벌레상과) 6아과 103속 181종의 기주식물 목록을 작성하였다. 유리알락하늘소의 새로운 기주식물로 산겨릅나무가 확인된 것을 포함하여 총 14종의 하늘소와 기주식물 관계를 구명하였다. 기주식물로 44과 107속 170종 이상이 정리되었다. 이 중, 네 과(느릅나무과, 소나무과, 참나무과, 자작나무과)가 주요 기주식물 과(하늘소 기록 종수의 23% 이상 차지)인 것으로 확인되었다. 기존 문헌들에서 기주식물과 하늘소류의 무효한 학명과 국명들은 현재 통용하고 있는 유효한 학명과 국명으로 수정하였다.

The aim of the study is to report Radopholus similis detected from Agathis dammara in Thailand as new host plant. Existing host of R. similis was known as coffee, pepper, sugarcane and banana etc. This nematode in this study was observed morphologic character using Carl Zeiss Axioimager M2 and Axiovision Rel. 4.8 program. The result shows that a and b of the female was distorted toward maximum value of original description of species, and b′, c and stylet length was distorted toward minimum value of original description of species. This nematode was morphologically distinguished from originally detected R. similis, but measured value was similar in range of original description of species. For more information, molecular assay was also confirmed the R. similis with 98% homology with the sequence of the internal transcribed spacer region (ITS) of ribosomal DNA. We provided PCR-amplified ITS nucleotide sequence.

Caloptilia Hübner, 1825 is one of the largest group in Gracillariidae. 314 species have been known around the world. To date, 15 species were known from Korea. In the present study, four species of Caloptilia are newly recognized from Korean insect fauna: C. fidella (Reutti), C. hidakensis Kumata, C. illicii Kumata, and C. pulverea Kumata. All of 19 Korean species, including four newly recognized species, are redescribed with illustrations of adults and genitalic structures.

Phoretic mites were collected from Copris ochus and C. tripartitus (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae). These beetles were collected from Holoce Ecosystem Conservation Research Institution, Gangwon-do. Five unrecorded species of Eviphis hastatellus Berlese, 1910 (Eviphididae), Holostaspella scatophila Takaku, 1994 (Macrochelidae), Macrocheles japonicus Evans & Hyatt, 1963 (Macrochelidae), Pachylaelaps siculus Berlese, 1921 (Pachylaelapidae) and Parasitus consanguineus Oudemans & Voigts, 1904 (Parasitidae) were recorded from Korea for the first time. However, Parasitus consanguineus Oudemans & Voigts (Parasitidae) was already recorded by Oudemans & Voigts in 1904 but since then no one has recorded. We have rerecorded this species in Korea.

본 연구는 향후 정재춤사위의 실연을 위한 이론적 근거를 마련하는 방안을 마련하는데 의의를 두고『악학궤범』에 세주(細註)로 기록된 정재춤사위를 살펴보았을 때 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 『악학궤범』에 세주(細註)로 기록된 정재춤사위는 30종이다. 종류로는 광수․광수무․광수환장무․광 염․금전락무․금척무․농구무․도약무․무릎디피무․발바딧무․발바딧작대무․사수무․수보록무․지선무․수양수무․ 수양수무릎디피무․수양수오방무․오양선무․인무․입무․절화무․정읍무․첨염․칠무․퇴수무․파자무․팔수무․협 수무․홍정도돔무․환장무이다. 이들 용어들은 정재 종목의 명칭을 인용한 용어, 신체를 중심으로 한 용어, 비유적인 표현을 강조한 용어, 상징적인 용어, 음악 제목을 인용한 용어, 춤의 진행을 설명 한 용어로 구분되어 있었다. 세주로 기록된 정재춤사위는 당악정재와 향악정재 구분 없이 정재마다 중복 및 반복되어 사용 되었고, 특정 용어가 특정 정재에만 집중적으로 사용되기도 하였다. 정재춤사위는 대부분 진행부 에 기록되었지만, 특정용어가 도입부와 종결부에만 기록되는 특징을 갖고 있었다. 주요어 악학궤범,

그동안 우리나라에서도 하급심 판례를 포함하 여 판결문을 공개하여야 한다는 요구가 꾸준히 제 기되어 왔고, 그와 같은 요구에 부응하여 민사소송 법과 형사소송법의 개정으로 확정된 사건의 판결 문 등은 전자적 방법을 포함하여 판결문 등을 자유 롭게 열람 및 복사할 수 있게 되었다. 그러나 현재 인터넷을 통하여 형사소송 판결문 등을 열람 및 복사하기 위해서는 법원명과 사건번 호, 그리고 당사자를 입력하여야 하는데 이는 유사 판결을 검색하여 국민들에게 도움을 주기 위한 취 지를 무색하게 하므로 핵심단어를 입력하여 판례 를검색할수있도록하는것이타당하다고생각한다 그리고판결문을공개하는경우개인을식별할수있는개인정보는 기술적방법등으로삭제, 변경하는 것이 타당하다고 할 것이다

Aquatic oligochaetes were investigated from a small amount of sediment sampled from the Jung-nang Stream, an urban stream in Seoul, Korea, in November 2012. Sorted oligochaetes were observed under alight microscope in a drop of carbonated water, and then preserved in 70% ethanol. Some specimens were slidemounted using glycerin and Eupharal. As a result, the following 12 species were identified including 8 newKorean records, Bothrioneurum vejdoskyanumStolc, Branchiodrilus hortensis(Stephenson), ChaetogastercristalinusVejdosky, Nais communisPiguet, Nais pardalisPiguet, Dero obtusad’Udekem, PiguetielladenticulataLiang, and Haemonais waldvogeli Brescher and 4 additional known species, Limnodrilus hoffmeisteriCleparéde, Branchiura sowerbyi Beddard, Chaetogaster diastrophus(Gruithuisen), and Stylaria fossularisLeidy.This study shows how freshwater oligochaetes are diverse even in urban streams in Korea, if a propersamplingand examining method is employed.

During the Joseon Dynasty, medicinal foods derived from herbs were often more effective than traditional medicines. In addition, the royal family of the Joseon Dynasty believed that foods could be used as various disease treatments. Grain-based foods, especially medicinal porridges (藥粥), were most frequently used for diet therapy. We investigated various types of diet-related diseases suffered by King Injo (仁祖) as well as how the diseases were treated using medicinal porridges based on information in the SeungjeongwonIlgi (承政院日記), which is the daily record of the Royal Secretariat of the Joseon Dynasty. This study examined the SeungjeongwonIlgi of King Injo from his1st year (1623) to 27th year (1649) on a website database maintained by the National Institute of Korean History. According to the records, King Injo suffered from severe diarrhea several times due mainly to febrile disease (煩熱症) as well as abdominal dropsy (脹滿) throughout his entire life. Major diseases affecting King Injo were due to his unhealthy eating habits and psychological factors. For treatment, royal doctors prescribed around 15 medicinal porridges, including nelumbo (seed) porridge (Yeonja-juk), milk porridge (Tarak-juk), Chinese dioscorea porridge (Sanyak-juk), mungbean porridge (Nokdu-juk), perilla seed porridge (Imja-juk), adzuki-bean porridge (Pat-juk), soybean porridge (Kong-juk), Korean-leek porridge (Buchu-juk), and so on, in addition to other medical treatments. Diet therapy using medicinal porridges has been used throughout history since the Joseon Dynasty period. However, knowledge of traditional diet therapy and medicinal porridges used by monarchs in the Joseon Dynasty is insufficient. Therefore, in-depth study is needed to understand the theory of traditional medicinal foods as well as explore their application to patients in the context of modern medicine.