본 연구에서는 소수성 다공성 막의 투과 성능을 향상시키기 위하여 친수성 고분자를 염석법으로 코팅하였다. 코팅된 소수성 막의 코팅유무는 접촉각과 SEM을 이용하여 확인하였다. 막의 내구성을 향상시키기 위하여 Glutaric aldehyde(GA)를 이용하여 코팅용액과 함께 가교하였다. 가장 좋은 친수성 고분자로는 poly(styrere-sulfonic acid-co-maleic acid) (PSSA_MA)이었으며, 이를 이 용하여 코팅하였을 때 투과도 측면에서 80% 향상된 결과를 나타내었다. 또한 가장 좋은 코팅 조건은 코팅용액의 농도 150-300ppm, 이온세기는 0.15, 코팅시 간은 20분으로 도출되었다.

압력지연삼투(pressure retarded osmosis; PRO) 공정은 염도차가 있는 두 종류의 물과 에너지 변환을 위한 멤브레인과 터빈을 이용하여 에너지를 생산하는 공정이다. PRO용 멤브레인의 전력밀도(W/m2)가 에너지 생산을 위해 가장 중요 하지만, PRO공정에는 멤브레인 외에도 여러 핵심 장비가 존재한다. 따라서, 본 연구에서는 시스템의 경계를 펌프와 터빈 등을 포함하는 영역으로 확장하여 여러 영향 요소들에 따른 순 에너지의 크기를 비교 분석하였다. 결과에 따르면 멤 브레인을 통한 저염도수의 투과율, 저염도수의 유량 분율, 멤브레인 양측의 압력차, 멤브레인 모듈에서 저염도수 측의 압력강하, 모듈의 멤브레인 면적, 에너 지회수장치의 효율 등의 변화에 따라 PRO공정의 순 에너지가 크게 영향을 받았다.

Cellulose acetate-graft-(glycidylmethacrylate-g-polyethylene glycol) (CA-g- (GMA-g-PEG) was synthesized and incorporated into acetylated methyl cellulose (AMC) to prepare high rejection performance ultrafiltration membranes. H1-NMR and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy study confirmed the successful synthesis of CA-g-(GMA-g-PEG) and utilized for hydrophilic modification agent. Polyethyleneimine(PEI), HumicAcid(HA) and Citric Acid(CA) ligands was used to bind the metal ions in aqueous solution.The rejection efficiency of AMC/CA-g-(GMA-g-PEG) blend membranes was studied in terms of pH, concentration and time. The successful developments would allow the safe and economical advancement in the fabrication of AMC blend membranes for ultrafiltration applications.

To overcome recent emission regulation, various hybrid systems are being developed. In the E-4WD(electric four wheel drive) system, the engine and transmission drive the front wheel, electric motor and single reduction gear drive the rear wheel. As the gear ratio of the reduction gear set determines the electric motor's operating point, the gear ratio is important to enhancement efficiency of hybrid system. This study is to analyze motor reduction gear ratio's influence on E-4WD hybrid system for optimized efficiency and driving performance. Fuel economy, operating point of power source and hybrid mode are analyzed using simulation developed with dynamic programming method.

Isroaniso matrix precursor synthesized from commercially available petroleum pitch was stabilized in air. The influence of oxygen mass gain during stabilization on the yield of matrix precursor was studied. Additionally, the influence of pressure on the yield of the stabilized matrix precursor in a real system was studied. The fourier transform infrared spectrometry (FTIR), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), yield, yield rate, and yield impact were used to check the effect of stabilization and pressure on the yield of the matrix precursor and the end properties of the composite thereafter. The results showed that the yield increased with stabilization duration up to 20 h whereas it decreased for stabilization duration beyond 20 h. Further results showed that the stabilized matrix precursor for a duration of 5 h could withstand almost two-fold greater hot-pressing pressure without resulting in exudation as compared to that of a 1 h stabilized matrix precursor. The enhanced hot-pressing pressure significantly improved the yield of the matrix precursor. As a consequence, the densification and mechanical properties were increased significantly. Further, the matrix precursor stabilized for a duration of 20 h or more failed to provide proper and uniform binding of the reinforcement.

플라즈마토치 용융로에 있어서 내화물의 보수를 최소화하고 용융물의 배출을 원활하게 하기 위해서는 처리대상 폐기물의 물 성을 충분히 고려하여야 한다. 원전에서 발생되는 비가연성 방사성폐기물 중 많은 비중을 차지하고 있는 콘크리트 조각, 유 리, 모래 등에 대한 화학적 조성비를 조사하여 보면 산성산화물이 염기성산화물에 비해 압도적으로 많은 비중을 차지하고 있 으므로 용융 시 염기도가 매우 낮은 산성 슬래그가 된다. 이 용융슬래그는 유동도가 낮아서 용융물의 배출특성이 좋지 않으 며 내화물에 침식을 유발시키는 주된 요인이 된다. 경사형 구조의 측면 출탕구를 가진 플라즈마토치 용융로의 경우, 구조상 출탕 후 일정량의 금속성 용융물이 항상 용융로 내부 바닥과 출탕구에 남게 된다. 비중차에 의해 비금속 용융슬래그는 금속 성 용융물 상부에 위치하게 되며 혼합형 플라즈마토치를 이행형 운전모드로 가동하게 되면 금속성 용융물과 비금속 용융물 이 동시에 용융되므로 비금속 용융슬래그의 온도는 금속 용융온도 이상으로 유지가 된다. 내화물의 수명 향상을 위해 용융로 내부의 온도와 용융물과 접촉하는 부위와 접촉되지 않는 부위를 구별하여 내화물의 특성을 주지하고 가장 적합한 내화물을 부위별로 선정하였다. 산성 내화물과 염기성 내화물이 인접하지 않도록 하고 용융슬래그에 대한 저항성을 높이도록 하였다.

Cochlodinium polykrikoides is a harmful algae that in Korea, has caused red tide in the southern and eastern coastal water of Korea from summer to early autumn since 1990, triggering fishing damage each year. To reduce and prevent this damage, loess is generally sprayed in the field conditions, but in recent years, the red tide coverage is becoming extensive, and thus there is a need to secure the removal materials for the long-term ocean environment changes. This study sought to confirm the use of kaolin with low trace metal content and the organism-extracted chitooligosaccharide as a C. polykrikoides removal material. The kaolin's removal efficiency by its concentration, using C. polykrikoides cultures, was measured, showing that there was no change to pH, and that, within 30 minutes, the removal effect stood at 21~62%. The test of chitooligosaccharide by its concentration showed that, with the pH change range (5.58~8.88), the removal effect was low at 9~30%. But, the successive injection of the mixture of kaolin and chitooligosaccharide into the cultures revealed that, while the kaolin concentration was irrelevant to the removal efficiency, upon the supply of over 2mL chitooligosaccharide, the removal efficiency increased to 62?91% with normal pH values (7.01~7.34) being measured. To ensure easy onsite spray of the kaolin and chitooligosaccharide mixture, its dry crashed substance was tested, revealing that, when the ratio of kaolin : chitooligosaccharide was 1:10, the removal efficiency was higher than 85%, and that there is a need for boosting cost-efficiency considering the easiness of spraying, drying time and the supply amount.

Lithium-ion-batteries (LIBs)는 최근 에너지저장 시스템(EESs) 분야에서 새롭게 large-scale battery를 중점으로 관심이 집중되고 있다. 이를 위해서는 battery의 수명, 에너지 밀도, 용량, 안정성, 가격 등 더 높은 기준이 요구되며, polyolefin 계 separators가 우수한 성능을 나타낸다. 본 연구에서는 다공성 분리막을 이용 하여 liquid electrolute batteries에 사용되는 separator 분리막에 친수성 고분자인 PVA, EVOH, Pluronic 등의 코팅 효과를 나타내었다. Separator는 두 종류를 사용하였으며, 각각 높은 porosity를 가진 16 H와 낮은 porosity를 가진 16 L로 구분하여 간단한 집 코팅 방법으로 코팅을 진행하였다. 특성평가로는 SEM을 통하여 물성을 평가하였고, 접촉각 및 이온 전도도를 측정하여 친수성 고분자의 친수화 효과를 알아보았다.

A cost-effective, easy method for enhancing the CO2 permeance and CO2/N2 selectivity of mixed matrix membranes (MMMs) was fabricated using commercially available MgCO3 crystals. The MgCO3 crystals were homogenously dispersed in polymer matrices via mechanical stirring to prepare MMMs. In particular, an amphiphilic comb polymer (CP) consisting of poly(ethylene glycol) behenyl ether methacrylate (PEGBEM) and poly(oxyethylene methacrylate) (POEM) was shown to be ideal matrix because of the interactions between its carbonyl oxygen atoms and MgCO3. Through SEM, HR-TEM, WAXS, DSC, FT-IR, N2 adsorption-desorption isotherm measurements and Raman spectroscopies, the MgCO3 and CP/MgCO3 hybrids were characterized. The CP/MgCO3 MMM with 45 wt% MgCO3 exhibited the highest CO2/N2 selectivity of 93.8 and CO2 permeance of 30.9 GPU.

고분자막이 가진 수투과능 한계와 비가역적 막오염에 의한 효율 저하는 막기반 수처리공정의 추가적인 경쟁력 확보를 위해 해결해야 하는 문제이다. 본 연구에서는 초고속 물투과 특성과 뛰어난 선택성을 지닌 Graphene oxide (GO)막 에 뛰어난 항균성을 가진 은나노(nAg)가 코팅된 막을 제작, 평가하였다. GO막 은 막오염 저감에 효과적일 수 있는 높은 친수성과 음표면전하와 같은 특성과 막오염에 취약할 수 있는 높은 비표면적과 뛰어난 흡착능력과 같은 특성을 동 시에 가진다. 따라서, 논란의 부분이 있는 GO막의 막오염에 대한 저항성의 확실한 향상을 위해 nAg를 적용하였다.

Even though plant protections using chemical pesticides have several advantages, non-specific toxicities to other beneficial insects and humans and rapid development of tolerance and/or resistance of target pests to chemicals are major disadvantages. Recent researches suggested that using double stranded RNA (dsRNA) could be species specific and environmental friendly pest management protocols. However, efficiency of dsRNA treatments are known to be variable according to its application methods. For example, injections of dsRNAs to pests were known to be effective in all species. However, efficiencies of oral application of dsRNAs were known to be dependent on species. Thus, development of tools that could enhance the efficacy of orally treated dsRNAs are utmost important for widening usages of dsRNAs in plant protection. Recently, we found that the efficacy of oral treated dsRNAs to target pests could be enhanced by nano-technologies. I will show how applying nano-technology to dsRNAs enhance the efficiency of dsRNAs. (This work was carried out with the support of the Cooperative Research Program for Agriculture Science & Technology Development (Project title: Studies for biological characteristics of and control methods against the migratory locust, Locusta migratoria, Project No: PJ011630042016), Rural Development Administration).

The validity of landfill gas models is an important problem considering that they are frequently used for landfill-site-related policy making and energy recovery planning. In this study, the Monte Carlo method was applied to an landfill gas generation model in order to enhance conformity. Results show that the relative mean deviation between measured data and modeled results (MD) decreased from 19.8% to 11.7% after applying the uncertainty range of Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) to the methane-generation potential and reaction constants. Additionally, when let reaction constant adjust derived errors from all other modeling components, such as model logic, gauging waste, and measured methane data, MD decreased to 6.6% and the disparity in total methane generation quantity to 2.1%.

This study was performed to develop a new process technology for advanced wastewater treatment using a modified Rotating Activated Bacillus Contactor (RABC) process that adopts anoxic-oxic suspended biomass tanks to enhance nutrients removal. A modified lab-scale RABC process was applied to examine its applicability and to obtain the design factors for the optimum operation of the system. The modified RABC process showed a little more stable and high nutrients removal efficiency than the prototype RABC process: about 70% of nitrogen and 55% of phosphorous removal when the low organic loading (influent COD 200mg/L). However, the processing efficiency of nutrients removal rates was enhanced to great extent when high organic loading: nitrogen 90% and phosphorous 85% (influent COD 500mg/L). High organic loading stimulated extremely good biomass attachment on the reticular carrier RABC stage and the excellent nutrients removal, nevertheless with almost no offensive odor.