This study aims to investigate and reveal the spatial structure of Boryeonghyeon by examining the geographical status of its Eupchi (Local administrative center:邑治) through an analysis of the location, tracing locations of governemnt offices including Dongheon(東軒) and Kaeksa(客舍) in the walled town, and checking the lot numbers of Sajikdan(社稷壇), Yeodan(厲壇), and Cheongyeonyeok(靑淵驛) outside it. Buildings of Boryeonghyeon in the walled town in the Joseon Dynasty were almost lost and now, part of the city wall and Haesanru(海山樓) just remains as relic. The walled town consisted of several buildings of government offices as well as Dongheon and Kaeksa which are government organs. Altar and shrine(壇廟) facilities including Shrine of Confucius(文廟), Altar of Land and Grain, and Preceptor's Shrine were placed outside the walled town and Cheongyeonyeok were operated as the facilities for transmission of royal orders. Therefore, the government office facilities in the walled town, altar and shrine facilities outside the fortress, and the location of the post station were required to trace and check each of them. For the checking method, the lot numbers could be checked by checking the original cadastral maps and the then land categories and owners, analyzing the records and circumstances of the relevant township annals(邑誌), and examining analyses on the locations by using a numerical map of one to 5 thousands. The study estimated the locations of government facilities including Dongheon and Kaesa placed in the walled town and was grasped to be the east and west gates with the south gate which remains now in the fortress. And the lot numbers of Sajikdan, Yeodan, Cheongyeonyeok.

공주는 충청지역의 주요 역사도시로서 1930년대 도청이 대전으로 이전하기 전까지 충청의 수부도시로서 기능하였다. 조 선시대 충청도의 감영도시이자 읍치로서 각종 관아시설들이 입지하였다. 지역 중심지로서 일제강점기를 거치면서 상대적으 로 더 많은 훼손이 있었으며, 객사, 동헌 등의 읍치지 대부분이 이시기 훼손되었다. 공교롭게도 이시기에 제작된 자료들에 훼손 이전의 읍치 건축상황을 살필 수 있는 자료들이 남아 있어, 이를 근거로 고증복원해 보고자 한다.

조선시대 읍치는 전국 군⋅현 지역의 행정중심지인 동시에 교통의 결절지로서 소위 전통도시라고 할 수 있다. 또한 근대 이전 공유되어 온 전통적 공간인식체계이자 지리로서 풍수가 투영되어 있는 대표적 장소이기도 하다. 본 고에서는 조선후기 부평도호부를 사례로 읍치 상황을 확인할 수 있는 지리지, 고지도 등 관련 문헌과 현장답사를 병행하여 읍치의 풍수적 공간구성을 확인 하고 현재적 입장에서 특징적인 풍수 관련 경관의 복원 의미 및 방향성을 제시해보고자 하였다. 먼저 풍수 상 읍치 국면을 군⋅현 최고 명당으로 구성하는 근간이자 출발 로서 진산, 주산에 주목하였다. 읍치 복원과 관련해 진산, 주산이 지니는 의미는 단순히 읍치를 구성하는 주변 자연환경 중 하나가 아닌 읍치의 역사적 장소성 구성이나 경관배치를 위한 일종의 지표경관이 될 수 있다. 다음으로 진산, 주산과 읍치 내 중심 경관인 동헌, 객사 간 형성되는 공간 관계 즉 ‘공간구성을 위한 중심축’을 설정할 수 있다. 풍수적 공간구성에서 진산, 주산으로부터 동헌으로 이어지는 중심축은 읍치 경관 복원과 관련해 제반 요소 간의 중요도나 우선순위를 결정하고 또한 그것의 입지나 방위를 비정하 는데 있어서 시사하는 바가 크다. 마지막으로 지역 생태환경에 대한 통합적 인식과 장기적인 접근의 필요성 과 관련해 풍수 비보에 주목할 필요가 있다. 풍수 비보는 산과 물로 대변되는 생태환경을 하나의 생명체로 전제하고 인간과 교감, 공존하는 동기간(同氣間) 관계로 접근하는 생태중심적 환경관의 전통적 버전이라고 할 수 있다.

The purpose of this study lies on reinterpreting the geography books in Joseon dynasty as records of the cities and consequently suggesting directions for further urban research. Geography books of Joseon dynasty are valuable references to understand the national policy, and imply that the focus of the contents is on the system. Especially, military system is an important concept to understand city type in that period, relationships between cities, selection of location, etc. The results of review are as following: First, military system is not a permanent fixture and therefore reflects changes in urban policies along with the history. The system suggests valuable clues on urban development as it is state-run, and closely associated with national land development. Second, counties and prefectures under jurisdiction of district called Eupchi(邑治) had cities as important as or even more important than local government such as Yeong-a(營衙), Jinbo(鎭堡), Yeok(驛: administrative cities). Such special regions need to be studied as other type of cities in Joseon dynasty by defining their architectural characteristics and roles. Third, the relationship of cities such as Eupch, Yeong-a, and Jinbo, was reorganized according to the local military system. Eupchi, administrative city, along with Yeong-a and Jinbo evolved into a military city as it became systematically organized. The characteristics of Yeok needs to be reconsidered in the context of such new inter-city relationship. Fourth, considerations which should be reviewed in the geography based on this concept can be mainly classified into architecture and landscape. This will also lay the foundation, and suggest new directions for further research for Eupchi, Yeong-a, Jinbo, and Yeok. Fifth, description of the geography looks simple at first sight, but with thorough understating on the system, there are chances to interpret objective reasoning of position and landscape in the overall flow of region, area, etc. Bongsu(烽燧), signal-fire, can be an object of comparison with geographical features and position. Furthermore, advantageous position is a historical and geographical element showing the major context of the region.

This paper analyses the railroad trunk line constructed in the Korea since the end of the 19th century. The analysis consists of the following problematics. 1) The process of the decision of the railroad route 2) The relationship of the location of Eupchi and the stations By clarifying the above, the purpose of this paper is to clarify how the morphology of the city in Korea has been affected by the change in the relationship with Korea and Japan. The Empire of Japan has been reconnoitering the Korea since way before the formal contract for the railroad construction was signed. Therefore, the Empire of Japan had a very good understanding of the actual transportation system when it started the construction of the railroad. The railroad construction was used by the Empire of Japan to empower the control over the Korea. For this reason, the new railroad system was constructed as a different system from the former transportation system and the urban system was also affected. Also the relationship of the western powers and Japan around the turn of the 20th century defined the characteristic of the railway system as a pathway through the Korean peninsular to link Japan to the continent. Moreover, being apprehensive about the friction with the western, Japan located the railway stations to avoid the missionary land properties. This made it clear that the restraint relationship between Japan and the western affected the urban special structure.

The object of this research is to examine the planning principles of Sangju which has an old history The results of the investigation are as follow 1. Sangju placed on the plains in the castle, it is established in Korea Dynasty 2. The formation of Sangju is infruenced Feng-shui. They plants Chestnuts against centipede mountain 3. Sangju is similar to the configuration of the another city in Feng-shui and elements of Component. But, many buildings(jin-Young(Military site), Choong-Ui-Dan, Choong-Yeol-Sa) are associated with the war in Sangju. 4. The City hall is located on the west side of the hotel(Kaek-Sa). It is located on Wang-San which is a place where citizens with symbolism. So, the City hall is higher than Kaek-Sa 5. The cruciform style road which connected with 4 gates was formed in the castle.

This study is to analyze spatial structure of Eupchi(邑治) on Chungchong province with Chungchong-do regional maps(忠淸道地方地圖) and Eupjis(邑治) being compiled in the late Chosun dynasty. According to the analysis of it in this study, we make conclusions a follows; 1. Gunhyeon(郡縣) which had been Eupseong(邑城) on Changchong-do in Chosun dynasty was 13 provinces, and the construction of Eupseong was the coast Eupseong built for the purpose of defense and military Eusaeong built at Byeongyeong(兵營) and Geojin(巨鎭). And a measure used in the construction of a castle was Pobaekcheok(布帛尺) used to survey a frontier defence in Chosun dynasty, also Jucheok(周尺) or Yeongjocheok(營造尺) could be assumed to be wide use at that time. 2. Eupchi of Chungchong-do Gungyeon was almost disposed to the south direction. also had been Jinsan(鎭山) safeguarding it. With relation to Jwahyang(坐向) and Jinsan, its Jinsan and Myeongdang-cheon(明堂川) match each other in location of Eupchi, as it get Jinsan sat, and take main river in front of it. And provincial government office to be the center of a Eupchi is organized into Gaeksa(客舍), Dongheon(東軒), Naea(內衙), Hyangcheong(鄕廳), and practical business facilities, Jakcheong(作聽) or Jangcheong etc, the others is composed for the use of support of those. 3. In most Eupchi in Chougchong province, the layout Sajikdan(社稷壇) and Yeodan(?壇) was gone with a principle as they were disposed in the west and the north with Eupchi province. Jangsi(場市) of Eupchi was opened in front of government office of Gaeksa, and the Gunhyeon which had Eupseong was established in the inside and outside of Eupseong.