Four types of metal oxide semiconductor gas sensor arrays were used to observe the aroma and spoilage odor emitted during the ripening process of plum & banana fruits. All gas sensors showed a high correlation (R=0.82~0.90) with the olfactory. The TGS 2603 sensor showed a high correlation of 0.90 between the odor generated and sensory perception of smell in the process of ripening and decaying fruits. In addition, it showed a very high correlation of 0.91 with the decay rate of the plum sample, and the significance probability through one-way ANOVA was also less than 0.05, which confirmed it as an optimal gas sensor (TGS 2603). Principal component analysis was performed using all the data. The cumulative variability was 99.54%, which could be explained only by two principal components, and the first principal component was 95.11%, which was related to the freshness of the fruit. It was analyzed as fresh fruit in the negative(-) direction and decayed fruit in the positive(+) direction.

The stench of various sources has become a complex issue that all governments must face and solve. n-Butanol is often used as an odor intensity reference for daily air quality monitoring and evaluation. However, its odor space, including odor sensation and odor effect, is still not fully understood, especially in wide concentration ranges. This study described n-butanol odor character profiles with objective descriptors. They are mostly presented as “odorless” or “offensive” at low concentrations, and frequently characterized as “chemical” or “medicinal” at high concentrations. The semantic differential shows that n-butanol odor is a negative emotional odor rather than a positive one. The principal component analysis shows that the representative factors of the n-butanol sensibility structure according to the sensibility evaluation are expressed with diverse sensibility vocabulary, and ‘esthetics’ represent its characterless nature. The good linearity between intensity and concentration, the near absence of gender difference, diverse odor types rather than a specific type, and ease with which to make a wide range of concentrations, makes n-butanol a candidate to be considered as a suitable standard odorant.

There has been growing concern over the emissions of formaldehyde and VOCs from automotive interior materials, as these could have an important impact on the in-vehicle air quality (IVAQ) of automotive vehicles. Odor, the components of which may include VOCs, refers to the automotive interior smell emitted directly or indirectly from any part of an automotive interior, based on human olfactory senses and a comfort evaluation of vehicle quality. The objective of this paper is to compare the instrument analysis with the sensory characteristics of an odor using GC/MS/Olfactometry. From the test, it was possible to identify the cause of odor, which can be difficult to distinguish among multiple odors, through the simultaneous performance of instrumental analysis and sensory evaluation.

지구온난화가 가중되고 도시가 고도화되면서 우리나라 대도시는 여름철 도시열섬이 빈번히 발생하고 있다. 특히 도심부 도로포장의 대부분을 차지하는 아스팔트 포장은 태양광을 흡수하여 노면온도를 상승시키고 야간에 복사열을 배출함으로써 열대야(최저기온이 25℃ 이상 지속)를 발생시키는 주요 원인이 된다. 이러한 도시 열환경 특성은 노약자 건강을 저해하고 시민의 생활불편을 야기하기 때문에 적극적인 개선방안이 필요하다. 이에 일본에서는 2003년부터 ‘환경포장 동경 프로젝트’ 일환으로 차열성 포장이 대안으로 검토되었다. 유럽의 경우 알베도(Albedo)가 높은 골재를 섞은 포장 재료에 대한 연구가 진행되고 있다. 국내에서도 2005년 정부 연구과제로 반사형 도료를 이용한 열섬저감 포장공법이 진행되었으며, 서울시에서는 2009∼2010년 아크릴계 반사형 도료를 이용한 차열성 포장을 개발하여 시험시공을 실시하였다. 일본과 국내에서 차도에 주로 사용하는 MMA(Methyl Methacrylate)계 반사형 도료는 독특한 냄새 때문에 도심 도로에서 넓은 공간 시공 시 주변 도로 이용자에게 불쾌감을 야기한다. 따라서 현장 적용 시 민원발생 우려가 많으므로 MMA와 같은 반사형 도료의 냄새를 저감하고, 이를 평가할 수 있는 방법에 대한 연구가 필요한 실정이다. 본 연구에서는 기존 MMA를 저취형으로 개량하기 위하여 벌크형 중합반응이 아닌 에멀전 중합반응(또는 수용성)으로 MMA를 형성하였다. 이로 인하여 기존 MMA에 비해 내구성과 내마모성이 낮아진 것을 보완하기 위하여 외부 환경에 따라 쉽게 구조가 파괴되는 단량체(Monomer)의 일부를 폴리머(Polymer)로 대체하였다. 다양한 구성비에 대하여 시험한 결과 단량체와 폴리머의 비율이 1 : 3인 경우 최적인 것으로 나타났다. 또한 환경부 악취물질 관련기준과 평가방안(공기희석 관능시험법, KS Q ISO 5496)을 반사형 도료에 대한 정량적 냄새평가 방안으로 제안하였다. 제안된 평가 방안으로 개발된 반사형 도료와 기존 미끄럼방지 포장용 도료를 비교평가 한 결과, 기존 미끄럼방지 포장용 도료의 경우 희석배수가 약 1,442인 반면 개발된 도료의 경우 희석배수가 10 이하로 무취에 가까운 저취형으로 확인되었다. 이를 토대로 향후 반사형 도료에 대한 냄새평가 및 현장적용 가능 여부 판단에 대한 기초자료로 활용될 것을 기대한다.

The changes in the aroma and spoilage odor emitted from eleven ‘Hongro’ apples during ten weeks’ storage were investigated using six types of metal oxide semiconductor gas sensor arrays. The gas sensors used in the evaluation were sensitive to apple-emitted aroma or spoilage odor, and a high reproducibility of 5% relative standard deviation or less was confirmed. Significantly, the change in apple-emitted aroma or spoilage odor was easily distinguished by the optimal gas sensor and a significant correlation (r=0.992) between decay rate and sensitivity change was observed. The results of a principal component analysis of the signal patterns obtained by data standardization using the optimal gas sensor showed a clear classification between decayed sampler groups and undecayed sampler groups.

This study was designed to assess the odor characteristics of paprika with metal oxide gas sensors. Non-decayed paprika and decayed paprika were assessed by sensor array system comprising 10 kinds of sensors. Three representative sensors were selected from among the 10. Selection was based on a correlation analysis between sensors from the results of the sensor array assessment on non-decayed paprika. It was found that the odor variation characteristics of paprika can be assessed by metal oxide gas sensors and that the odor variation characteristics of paprika are different depending on the type of gas sensors. The odor characteristics of paprika were different according to the color, the presence or absence of decay, the location of decay, the type of sensor, and the passage of time. Regardless of decay, the sensor response value of orange paprika was the highest, with the 2611 sensor yielding the highest response value. The SB-AQ1 sensor could not identify the difference in odor characteristics depending on the location of decay, while detection was possible by both SB-41 and 2611 sensors.

본 연구는 가축분뇨의 냄새 저감용 제제의 효율적 활용 및 관리를 위하여 국내에서 유통되고 있는 환경개선제의 동향 및 냄새제거 효능을 조사하고자 실시하였다. 사료첨가용 제제는 전체 제품의 80%를 차지하였고, 다음으로 분뇨살포용 제제 그리고 음수첨가용 제제 순이었다. 대부분의 제제들은 0.1-0.2% 사용을 권장하였으며, 전체 제품의 71%를 차지하였다. 환경개선제 유효성분 중 가장 많은 원 료는 생균으로 전체 제제의 85%를 차지하였고, 다음으로 규산염, 허브 그리고 유기산과 효소로 구성된 제제 순이었다. 환경개선제용 생균제로 이용되는 미생물들은 Bacillus coagulans, B. fermentum, B. thuringiensis, B. licheniformis, B. subtillis, Enterococcus faecium, Lactobacillus acidophilus, L. fermentum, L. lactis, L. plantarum, L. casei, L. brevis, Streptococcus faecium, Clostridium butyricum, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Aspergillus niger 및 A. oryzae 등이 사용되었다. 냄새제거 효능 평가에서 암모니아 발생 억제 효능을 가진 제품은 전체 제품의 71%이었으며, 48시간까지 효능을 발휘하는 제품은 29%이었다. 암모니아를 30%이상 감소시킨 제품은 암모니아 저감 효능을 나타낸 제품 중 44%를 차지하였고, 24%의 제품이 10% 미만 그리고 나머지 32%의 제품은 10-30% 수준의 저감 효 과를 나타냈다. 황화수소를 30%이상 감소시킨 제품이 32%로 가장 많았고, 8%의 제품이 10% 미만의 그리고 나머지 6%의 제품은 10-30% 수준의 저감 효과를 나타내었다. 이상의 연구 결과, 가축 분뇨의 냄새 방지와 관련하여 다양한 종류의 제제가 국내에 유통되고 있었으며, 앞으로 환경개선제의 효율적 활용 및 관리를 위해서는 정확한 효능분석이 지속적으로 이루어져야 한다.

This paper presented experimental results for circulation type UV-TiO₂ photocatalytic oxidation process. We have developed UV-TiO₂ photocatalytic oxidation process with activated carbon to control odor and VOCs in indoor and industrial applications. In this study, common indoor air pollutants, namely ammonia, formaldehyde, hydrogen disulfide, toluene were selected to investigate their efficiencies for UV-TiO₂ photocatalytic oxidation. In high concentration test, the decomposition efficiency was high in order as ammonia, toluene, formaldehyde, hydrogen disulfide. Three type of individual processes are tested for ability to increase decomposition efficiency. UV-TiO₂ photocatalytic oxidation combined process with activated carbon was excellent among the three type processes without reference to gas species. It was considered that this circulation type process will overcome short retention time for treatment for UV-TiO₂ photocatalytic oxidation. It will promise that this circulation type UV-TiO₂ photocatalytic oxidation combined process can apply indoor and industrial applications to remove odor and VOCs quickly.

In this study, odor active compounds, emitted from food waste composting facility, were analyzed and their contribution degree were evaluated. Sample gases were collected at the inlet and outlet of scrubbing tower and bio-filter, respectively. The odor active compounds were separated by GC/FID/Olfactometry (GC/FID/O) and identified by GC/MS. Odor intensity and SNIF (Surface of Nasal Impact frequency) were used to evaluate contribution of each odor active compound. It was possible to calculate contribution rate (%) and reduction rate (%) of odor active compounds using analysis and evaluation of contribution degree of odor active compounds. As a result, the compounds showing the high contribution degree were fatty acids, ketones at inlet and aldehydes, ketones at outlet. Deodoring equipment of food waste composting facility appeared effective for the reduction of aldehydes, ketones but appeared week for the reduction of aldehydes. Although scrubbing tower and bio-filter could reduce 7 times of odor level, the outlet gases had odor dillution ratio of 3000, which exceed the allowable levels of Korean guideline by 6 times.