본 연구는 순응 잔여효과 패러다임을 이용하여, 아기도식 속성을 담고 있는 여러 시각 자극들(얼굴, 신체실루엣, 손)이 공통의 처리 기제를 통해 나이 지각에 영향을 주는지 확인하고자 하였다. 실험 1에서는 아기 얼굴 혹은 성인 얼굴에 순응시킨 후 아기와 성인 얼굴을 합성(morphing)한 얼굴 자극에 대해 “아기”로 지각되는지 혹은 “성인”으로 지각되는지 판단하도록 하였다. 실험 결과, 아기 순응 조건보다 성인 순응 조건에서 합성 자극을 아기로 지각하는 비율이 더 우세한, 얼굴 나이 순응 잔여효과(age adaptation aftereffect)를 확인하였다. 실험 2와 3에서는 각각 아기와 성인의 신체 실루엣과 손 이미지를 순응자극으로 사용하여 실험 1과 동일한 나이 판단 과제를 실시하였다. 실험 결 과, 신체 실루엣과 손에 대한 순응은 순응자극과 같은 방향의 잔여효과(assimilative aftereffect)를 유발하거나, 순응 후에 제시되는 얼굴에 대한 나이 지각을 편향시키지 않았다. 본 연구는 성인 연령대의 얼굴 자극만을 사용한 선행 연구와 달리, 아기-성인 간 얼굴 나이 순응 잔여효과를 통해 아기와 성인 얼굴의 나이 속성이 지각적 얼굴 공간 상에 서 대조적인 방향으로 부호화된다는 것을 확인하였으나, 여러 아기도식 속성들이 공통된 처리를 통해 나이 표상에 기여한다는 증거를 확인하지는 못하였다.

1990년대 중국의 개혁개방과 더불어 국영기업의 민영화가 가져온 下崗, 사회 배급시스템의 중지, 도농간의 빈부격차 등의 부작용은 수많은 하위계층을 양산해내면서, 그들을 사회의 주변으로 내몰고 압박하였다. 그리고 지배이데올로기의 부작용에 노출된 하위계층의 삶과 일상을 재현하는 영화들이 등장하면서 중국 사회의 구조가 안고 있는 모순과 문제점을 포착하였다. 그리고 지배이데올로기의 순기능을 확산하는 영화도 나타나기 시작하였다. 본 연구는 이러한 구도를 저항과 순응의 측면에서 파악하고 있다. <안양의 고아>, <인재경도>, <삼협호 인> 등의 영화를 중심으로 저항과 순응의 관점을 제시하고자 한다.

Background:Limitation of hamstring extensibility is often associated with various musculoskeletal problems such as alterations in posture and walking patterns. Thus, certain appropriate strategies need to be established for its management.Objects:The aim of this study was to compare the effects of the neural mobilization technique and static stretching exercises on popliteal angle and hamstring compliance in young women with short hamstring syndrome (SHS).Methods:Thirty-three women with SHS were randomly assigned to either group-1 (n1=17) that underwent the neural mobilization technique or group-2 (n2=16) that underwent the static stretching exercises. Outcome measures included the active popliteal angle (APA) and a hamstring’s electromyographic (EMG) activity at a maximum popliteal angle of the baseline. Intervention for each group was performed for a total time of 3-min (6 sets of a 30-sec application).Results:There were significant interactions between time and group in the APA [group-1 (pre-test to post-test): 69.70±8.14° to 74.14±8.07° and group-2: 68.66±7.42° to 70.52±7.92°] (F1,31=6.678, p=.015) and the EMG activity of the hamstring (group-1: 1.12±.30μV to .69±.31μV and group-2: 1.19±.49μV to 1.13±.47 μV)(F1,31=6.678, p=.015). Between-group comparison revealed that the EMG activity of the hamstring was significantly different at post-test between the groups (p<.05). Furthermore, in within-group comparison, group-1 appeared to be significantly different for both variables between pre- and post-test (p<.05); however, group-2 showed significant difference in only the APA between pre- and post-test (p<.05).Conclusion:These findings suggest that the neural mobilization technique and static stretching exercises may be advantageous to improve hamstring compliance in young women with SHS, resulting in a more favorable outcome in the neural mobilization technique.

PURPOSES : While driving, drivers are usually limited in communicating with others except for using the horn. Excessive use of the horn may cause noise pollution, quarrels between drivers and pedestrians, damage, etc. This study developed a methodology for environmental adaptation and improvements of vehicle horns. METHODS: In this study, we performed a literature review of previous studies and related technologies regarding the overuse and damage of the horn. The proposed methodology employed the paired comparison method, as well as the semantic differential method. These methods can consider various vehicle horns, such as the Sport Utility Vehicle(SUV) Horn, Van Horn, and Buzzer. In addition, we conducted a factor analysis in order to provide a direction for improvement of future horns. This research provides a means of complimenting existing intellectual property related to vehicle horns. RESULTS: As a result, the most preferred of the selected horns were the Buzzer at 86.7%. In addition, based on the factor analysis, the horns could be classified into pleasantness and comfort factors. The results indicate a positive reaction for various vehicle horns. The horn type and size of the process control have been properly developed considering the position of the vehicle and the surrounding noise measurements. CONCLUSIONS : Based on the proposed methodology, public and private sectors can use fundamental data for reasonable traffic-noise control policies.

The characteristics of aquatic light fields are generally reflected in the visual systems of fishes inhabiting them. Therefore, research on light sensitivity of fish is useful to explain the correlation between the visual function and habitat, behavior and distribution of fish. Rockfish is an important species in coastal ecology and also one of the main species for culturing in Korea. To make a contribution on the maintenance of the fish resources and understanding the ecology of the rockfish, the visual spectral sensitivities of the dark-adapted rockfishes were measured in the range of visible light (405~660 nm) using a light source of light-emitting diodes (LEDs). In order to assess electrophysiological response of the fish, the ERGs (electroretinograms) of the dark-adapted rockfishes were recorded on a data logger (12 bits) and a laptop computer. Juvenile (n=5; weight: 20.3±5.2 g; total length: 10.3±0.7 cm) and adult (n=5; weight: 87.8±21.8 g; total length: 18.1±1.3 cm) rockfishes were used in experiment. The visual threshold of juvenile and adult rockfish were 11.66 (log quanta/cm2/s) and 11.81 (log quanta/cm²/s) in 574 nm, respectively. The peak wavelength of the spectral sensitivity in the dark-adapted juvenile and adult rockfish was commonly 551 nm (series of green color). Collectively, these results demonstrate that the rockfish has suitable visual capabilities for inhabiting coastal water in Korea.

도로 터널은 주간에도 조명이 필요한 구간이며, 특히 비교적 밝은 야외 환경과 접한 터널 경계부는 시각환 경의 복잡함을 고려 시 조명 설계에 특히 주의를 기울여야 한다. 터널 경계부는 터널 입구, 혹은 태양에 의한 입구 그림자 선으로부터 터널 안쪽으로 정지거리만큼까지의 구역으로, 터널 경계부의 조명은 설계속도로 주 행 중인 운전자가 터널 입구 경계로부터 정지거리만큼 떨어진 위치에서부터 터널 입구 경계에 도달할 때까지 지속적으로 터널 경계부의 장해물을 확인할 수 있도록 휘도 수준이 확보되어야 한다. 따라서 터널 경계부의 휘도는 운전자의 시각적인 특성과 더불어 설계속도 및 이에 상응하는 정지거리에 의해 영향을 받는다. 조원범, 정준화(2014)는 설계속도 100km/h인 도로를 대상으로 터널로 접근하는 운전자의 시야를 축소하 여 묘사한 조명 시뮬레이터를 활용하여 터널로 접근하는 운전자 시야 내 휘도분포를 묘사하기 위한 시나리 오를 구성하고, 피험자 21명 대상 실험을 수행하여 정지거리에서 터널 입구 경계에 위치한 장해물을 발견하 기 위해 필요한 경계부 휘도를 안전율별로 산정하였다. 안전율은 특정 순응 휘도와 경계부 휘도 조건에서 장해물을 확인할 수 있는 운전자의 비율 또는 특정 운전자가 장해물을 확인할 수 있는 확률을 의미한다. 본 연구는 설계속도에 따른 터널 경계부 휘도의 변화를 비교하기 위해 설계속도 80km/h인 도로를 대상으로 피험자 19명을 대상으로 터널 경계부 휘도 도출을 위한 실험을 수행하였으며, 이 결과를 조원범, 정준화 (2014)의 연구에서 도출한 설계속도 100km/h인 도로의 경계부 휘도 도출 결과와 비교하였다. 본 연구는 조 원범, 정준화(2014)와 동일한 실험조건을 적용하였으며, 단, 조명 시뮬레이터는 연구대상 도로의 설계속도 80km/h에 상응하는 최소 정지거리 110m에 맞춰 수정․활용하였다. 본 연구와 조원범, 정준화(2014)의 비교 결과는 표 1 및 그림 1과 같다. 설계속도 80km/h 대비 설계속도 100km/h 도로의 필요 경계부 휘도의 비율(이하 ʻ경계부 휘도비ʼ)은 안전율 75%의 경우 1.3~3.0, 안전율 50%의 경우 1.3~2.8에 분포하며, 순응휘도가 증가할수록 경계부 휘도비는 감소하는 것으로 분석되었다. 경 계부 휘도비는 80km/h 도로에서 필요한 특정 안전율을 확보하기 위해 필요한 경계부 휘도와 비교하였을 때, 동일한 안전율을 확보하기 위한 필요한 100km/h 도로의 경계부 휘도의 비율이다.

PURPOSES : This study has been performed with the objective to determine threshold zone luminance of adaptation luminance by target safety level in a vehicular traffic tunnel with design speed set at 100km/h . METHODS: The study made a miniature capable of portraying changes in luminance distribution within 2×10。conical field of view of the driver approaching to the tunnel for the test. Test conditions were set based on justifications for CIE 88-1990's threshold zone luminance used as a reference by domestic tunnel light standards (KS C 3703 : 2010). Luminance contrast of object background and object is 23%, object presentation duration is 0.5 seconds, and size of the object background is 7.3×11.5m2 RESULTS: Threshold zone luminance was set within adaptation luminance of 100~3,000cd/m2. Adaptation luminance and threshold zone luminance based on 50%, 75% and 90% target safety level all showed a relatively high linear relationship. According to findings in the study, it is not appropriate to specify the relationship between adaptation luminance and threshold zone luminance as luminance ratio. Rather, direct utilization of the linear relationship gained from the study findings appears to be the better solution. CONCLUSIONS : Findings of this study may be used to determine operation of threshold zone luminance based on target safety level. However, a proper verification and validity of test results are required. Furthermore, a study to determine proper threshold zone luminance level considering target safety level reviewed in this study and various decision-making factors such as economic conditions in Korea and energyrelated policies should be carried out in addition. Additional tests on adaptation luminance greater than 3,000cd/m2 will be performed, through which application scope of the test findings will be broadened.

This paper reviewed the relationship between job demands/resources and safety compliance, and the mediating effect of job burnout. Based on the responses from 247 employees, the results of multiple regression analysis appeared as follow; 1) two demands factors(role ambiguity and role overload) effect positively on safety compliance. 2) job resources factors(autonomy and social support) effect negatively on safety compliance. 3)job burnout effects negatively on safety compliance. 4) job burnout mediates between 4 job demands/resources(role ambiguity and role overload, autonomy, social support) and safety compliance.

OSHMS(Occupational Safety and Health Management System) is able to define as a typical convergence of all kinds of activities and elements that support maintaining safety at workplace and protecting employee's health. In particular, fundamental function of OSHMS is preventing diverse hazards at workplace through high level of regulation compliance. Furthermore, insuring safety in workplace, protecting employee's health and increasing effectiveness in manufacture are OSHMS's additional functions. Based on the division of manufacture in 2009 Survey on Current Status of Occupational Health & Safety data, the study analyses certain relation between OSHMS and level of regulation compliance. The main finding is that most activities and elements which formed by OSHMS are being affected by regulation clauses.

OSHA(Occupational Safety and Health Act) generally regulates employer's business principles in the workplace to maintain safety environment. This act has the fundamental purpose to protect employee's safety and health in the workplace by reducing industrial accidents. Authors tried to investigate the correlation between 'occupational injuries and illnesses' and level of regulation compliance using Survey on Current Status of Occupational Safety & Health data by the various statistical methods, such as generalized regression analysis, logistic regression analysis and poison regression analysis in order to compare the results of those methods. The results have shown that the significant affecting compliance factors were different among those statistical methods. This means that specific interpretation should be considered based on each statistical method. In the future, relevant statistical technique will be developed considering the distribution type of occupational injuries.

◉ 목적 : 본 연구는 감각통합치료를 자폐 스펙트럼 장애아동에게 적용하여 적응행동 중에서 눈 맞춤, 지시 순응 및 요구하기에 영향을 미치는지를 검증하는데 그 목적이 있다. 본 연구는 대학병원 소아정신과에서 자폐 스펙트럼 장애 진단을 받은 만 3세 8개월의 아동을 대상으로 적응행동 중 눈 맞춤, 지시 순응, 요구하기의 증가에 대한 연구를 하였다. ◉ 연구방법 : 총 20회기, 주 3회, 40분, 1:1 감각통합치료를 통한 문제행동을 다중기초선 설계(multiple-based line)로 A-B설계를 사용하였으며 사건기록법으로 측정하고 분석하였다. ◉ 결과 : 대상아동은 감각통합치료를 통해서 눈 맞춤은 6회에서 39.43회로 33.43회 증가하였고, 지시 순응은 6.5회에서 20.84회로 14.34회 증가하였고, 요구하기는 1회에서 1.5회로 0.5회 증가하였다. ◉ 결론 : 본 연구는 감각통합치료가 자폐 스펙트럼 장애아동의 눈 맞춤, 지시 순응 및 요구하기에 효과가 있는 것으로 나타났다.

In order to obtain the fundamental data for the marine ranch, this paper was carried out to investigate cortisol variation in blood according to adapted time in the measurement of auditory threshold. The groups were adapted at the experimental tanks for 0.5, 1, 3 and 6 hours, respectively. At the results, cortisol concentration had a deep connection with adapted time. In particular, cortisol concentration in the experimental group of 1 hour was significantly increased, whereas others showed no difference comparing with the control group. When classical conditioning method with the sound coupled with a delayed electric shock was given after the adapted time of 1 hour and 6 hours, the rate of the conditioning completion for 6 hours was higher than that of 1 hour. Therefore, this suggests that the sufficient adapted time was required for the accurate auditory threshold.

This paper reviewed the relationship among safety education/managerial factors, safety motivation and safety appliance, and the moderating effect of safety motivation. Based on the responses from 225 employees in small & medium manufacturing and construction industry, hierarchical regressional analysis showed that all education/managerial factors have positive relationships with safety motivation. Also, safety motivation has mediating effect between education/managerial factors(safety education, communication, system, precautionary activity) and safety appliance.