This study aimed to quantitatively analyze the risk using data from 329 safety accidents that occurred in aquaculture fisheries management vessels over the recent five years (2018-2022). For quantitative risk analysis, the Bayesian network proposed by the International Maritime Organization (IMO) was used to analyze the risk level according to the fishing process and cause of safety accidents. Among the work processes, the fishing process was analyzed to have the highest risk, being 12.5 times that of the navigation, 2.7 times that of the maintenance, and 8.8 times that of the loading and unloading. Among the causes of accidents, the hull and working environment showed the highest risk, being 1.7 times that of fishing gear and equipment, 4.7 times that of machinery and equipment, and 9.4 times that of external environment. By quantitatively analyzing the safety accident risks for 64 combinations of these four work processes and four accident causes, this study provided fundamental data to reduce safety accidents occurring in aquaculture fisheries management vessels.

정부(해양수산부) 및 관계기관에서는 안전관리 취약선박의 해양안전 증진을 위한 많은 정책을 시행하고 있으나, 선박의 안전관리에 대한 위험성평가 부재로 각 제도의 효과성에 다소 아쉬움이 확인되었다. 선박의 위험성평가에 대한 국내 선행연구는 대부분 개별적 해양사고 위험성에 대한 단편적 위험성만을 취급하고 있어 포괄적 해양사고 위험성평가를 위한 새로운 방식이 필요하다. 선박의 안전관 리에 대한 포괄적 위험성평가 적용사례로 항만국통제와 노르웨이 해사국의 점검대상 선정방법이 있다. 본 연구에서는 국내 해양사고 및 등록현황의 높은 비중을 차지하고 있는 연근해어선을 대상으로 포괄적 선박안전관리 위험성평가를 위한 지표를 개발하고 적용하였다. 그 결과, 각 선박별 위험성을 계량적 수치로 확인하였고, 개별적 안전관리 취약요소의 순위를 식별하였다.

This study analyzed the condition of marine accident and disaster rate of crew of Korean fishing vessels by vessel type, and checked the Australian safety management system and relevant regulation in Korea to suggest measures to build coastal/offshore fishing vessel safety management system in Korean coastal/offshore fishery. As a result, the power and production amount of Korean coastal/offshore fishing vessel is consistently decreasing while marine accident is increasing. Disaster rate of crew was higher than land industry, especially, the disaster rate of coastal/offshore fishing vessel was very high (100.0‰). Australia applies safety management system differed by vessel type and operation waters which fully considers the characteristics of pertinent vessel. The average accident rate of fishing vessels with gross tonnage over 20 tons among the Korean coastal/offshore fishing vessel was 13.6%, which was significantly higher than fishing vessels with gross tonnage below 20 tons (1.4%). Such result indicates it is urgent to implement safety management system to fishing vessel with gross tonnage over 20 tons and introduce fishing vessel safety supervisor. Establishing safety management system of coastal/offshore fishing vessel will contribute to consistent industrial development by achieving the general goal of reducing marine accident and spreading safety culture.

The analysis on the international safety management code (ISM Code) and case of foreign national safety management for fishing vessel was conducted to serve as a basic data on the introduction of safety management system (SMS) for a deep-sea fishing vessel in Korea. As a result, Maritime New Zealand (MNZ) has managed operations of SMS in the maritime rules according to the Maritime Transport Act since 1994. MNZ underwent a safe ship management (SSM), which includes elements applied to shipping companies, ship and verification of the ISM Code for ships, except ISM Code application since 1998. In 2014 the introduction of the advanced maritime operator safety system (MOSS) superior to the SSM by MNZ was promoted actively switch and enforcement. Meanwhile, the safe operation manual of Japanese fishing vessel includes large part of the contents of the ISM Code, and voluntary implementation to fit the realities of the fishing vessel. The law application of SMS for a deep-sea fishing vessel after the newly establishment of the Ocean Industry Development Act to SMS would be advantageous to the schematic management, supervision, maintenance and application and, in 2016 from the implementation of maritime safety supervisor for a deep-sea fishing vessel that the management and supervision through the fishing vessel will be the efficient operation. The configuration of the safety management system in a deep-sea fishing vessel should be included as an element of ISM Code. The introduction of such a system is gradually applicable, such as nationality overseas vessel case study of the ISM Code, and vessels that are excluded from the application will be implemented as autonomous as Japan. The results are expected to contribute to sustainable development in the ocean industry safety culture spread throughout the ocean industry through the enhancement of safety fishing competency and safety management responsibility of fisher.

우리나라에는 약 9만여척의 어선이 등록되어 있고, 항·포구를 중심으로 수산물 생산활동과 도서민교통수단, 례져활동수단 등 다양한 기능을 하고 있다, 그러나 어선중 원양어선을 제외한 소형 연근해 어업을 중심으로 하는 어선은 다른 대형 선박과 달리 체계적인 안전관리시스 템이 모듈이 없으며, 어업인 중심의 자율적인 안전관리를 하고 있어 전문지식 부족과 안전의식 결여로 많은 해양안전사고가 발생되고 있으며 , 정부의 어선 안전관련 업무를 살펴 보면 기능과 역활이 여러 부․처 및 지자체로 분산되어 있어 효율적인 어선안전관리시스템 부재로 인명과 재산 피해가 많이 발생 되고 있어 개선방안으로 통합어선안전관리시스템구축을 제시하고자 하였다

원양어선을 제외한 대부분의 국내 어선은 체계적인 안전관리시스템 없이 어업인 중심의 자율적인 안전관리가 이루어지고 있어 자연, 항로, 선박, 교통, 운항자 관련된 사고 리스크를 저감하는 데는 한계가 있다. 또한 정부의 어선 안전관련 업무는 여러 부처 와 지자체로 분산 되어 있어 통합적인 안전기반 정책 실현에 장애요소가 되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 어선안전관리 실태를 분석하여 문제점을 도출하고 개선방안으 로 통합어선 안전관리시스템구축을 제시하였다.