본 연구에서는 하구 염습지 생태계 복원 및 조성을 위한 기초적 연구로서, 낙동강 하구 사주섬인 진우도에 서식하는 갈대의 서식환경 특성을 파악하기 위하여 저질의 함수량, 입도분포, pH, 영양염 농도(NH₄-N, PO₄-P), 지하수위, 지반고, 갈대 개체수 및 최대 높이 등의 조사를 실시하였다. 조사결과 연구대상 지역의 저질 입경 및 함수량이 갈대 서식환경에 미치는 영향은 적은 것으로 나타났으며, pH는 식생대와 비식생대 정점의 차이가 없었고, NH₄-N와 PO₄-P 농도도 정점별 차이가 없었다. 식생대 영역에서 해안선 쪽으로 갈수록 지반고가 낮으며 개체수는 감소하였고, 지하수위는 높게 나타났다. 따라서 낙동강 하구 염습지의 갈대서식 환경에 영향을 미치는 주요인자는 지반고와 지하수위가 크게 기여하는 것으로 나타났다.

만경강 하구역 염습지에서 조사된 관속식물은 10과 25속 29종 3변종으로 총32종류(taxa)가 조사되었으며, 귀화식물은 5과 6속 6종 1변종 총7종류(taxa)이 조사되었다. 식물의 생활형에서 휴면형은 반지중식물(H)이 10종, 31.3%로서 1년생식물의 10종과 동일하게 분포하고 있으며 번식형에서는 중력산포형이 23종으로 71.9%로 나타났다. 생육형을 보면 직립형이 9종, 총생형이 9종, 후직립형이 5종으로 조사되었다. 식생의 특징은 조간대가 넓게 펼쳐져 있어서 조수의 영향을 강하게 받고 있다. 식생의 구성종으로는 칠면초가 가장 높은 우점도를 보이고 있으며, 갯개미취, 모새달, 갈대, 비쑥, 천일사초 등이 주로 나타난다. 표조작법에 따라 식물군락을 분류한 결과 칠면초 군락, 갯개미취-비쑥 군락, 해홍나물 군락, 해홍나물-칠면초 군락, 천일사초 군락, 갈대 군락, 털물참새피 군락, 갯개미취 군락, 칠면초-갯개미취 군락, 갯개미취-칠면초 군락, 모새달 군락의 11개 군락으로 구분되어졌으며, 염습지내 식생의 분포는 저위염습지와 고위염습지의 지형적 차이에 큰 영향을 받고 있는 것으로 보인다. 칠면초 군락은 우리나라 서남해안 갯벌 염습지의 우점종으로서 본 조사지역내 저위염습지에서는 순군락을 이루고 있다. 염습지의 수로, 습지, 해안하구 주변에서는 주로 갈대가 군락을 이루고 있으며, 기수지 역, 염습지내 토사가 퇴적된 곳 등에서는 천일사초가 집중반상으로 군락을 이루고 있다.

해안생태공원 조성이 추진중인 인천광역시 논현동 일대 염습지의 식물상 및 식생을 1999년 6월부터 2000년 6월까지 조사하였다. 이 지역에는 소래포구의 조간대를 따라 발달한 자연염습지와 함께 조수가 차단된 폐염전이 있다. 이 지역에서 14종의 염생식물이 조사되었는데, 그중 해흥나물이 가장 많이 분포하고 있었으며, 그밖에 퉁퉁마디, 비쑥, 갯개미취 등도 많이 관찰되었다. 폐염전에서 관찰된 염생식물의 종류는 자연염습지에서 조사된 것과 매우 유사하였다. 그

Harvesting of marshfire glasswort (Salicornia europaea) by local people has been increased recently since this plant was known for a well-being food. Even though some harvesting sites are facing high risk of environmental pollution, Salicornia europaea is still harvested on a large scale. Therefore, to investigate safety of Salicornia europaea as a food resource, salt marsh environment, potential harvestable biomass, element and heavy metal accumulations in Salicornia europaea has been studied in three salt marshes, west-coast of Korea. Salicornia europaea showed 150 – 230g/㎡/yr harvestable biomass. Biomass and nitrogen contents of Salicornia europaea were closely related to soil nitrogen and carbon concentrations. Average Na, Zn, Fe, Cr accumulations in Salicornia europaea were 41479, 18, 297, 1.5 (mg/kg), indicating valuable trace element contents. However, average heavy metal accumulations such as As, Cd, Cu, Pb, Hg accumulations were 1.5, 7.1, 4.2, 1.5, 0.1 (mg/kg), which were even or higher than national standards (0.5, 0.5, 2, 2, 0.1) of salts. These results imply that harvesting and eating of Salicornia europaea in west-coast research sites would be harmful because the contents would be much higher if it is calculated as only considering salts and minerals. Therefore, harvesting of Salicornia europaea from some salt marsh in west-coast of Korea should be done cautiously.

A study on vegetation in the Mangyeong River and Dongjin River basins and the surrounding regions of the Saemangeum Reclaimed Land was conducted in a series of efforts to determine the expected ecological changes in the salt marshes, to restore their vegetation, to explore the restoring force of halophyte, to examine the community mechanism and, ultimately, to rehabilitate marshy land vegetation along the lakeside, coastal dune and salt marshes of the Saemangeum Project Area. The findings of the study may be summed up as follows: Five species such as Suaeda japonica, Salicornia herbacea, Atriplex gmelini, Aster tripolium and Suaeda asparagoides that are mostly distributed in the estuary of the Saemangeum Reclaimed Land were analyzed to examine the mechanism of halophyte to maintain their community. To find out the strategies of plants for survival and the cause of forming community structure, a research was made as for appearance ratio of biomass, root lengths and germination. With regard to biomasses of halophyte, the biomass of Suaeda japonica increases rapidly, while Salicornia herbacea adopts a strategy of unstable growth pattern by which the biomass increases slowly in parallel with its slow speed of growth since initial appearance of young sapling. In contrast, Suaeda asparagoides, Atriplex gmelini and Aster tripolium choose to adapt themselves to environment promptly by being transformed into life form of annual or biennial plant, a pattern that is presumed to be favorable and stable for survival in the later stage of growth. In short, there is a sharp distinction among the 5 species: i.e. Suaeda japonica that begins to grow fast in the length of surface and underground section but slows down from the mid-stage on; Salicornia herbacea that grows slowly in the beginning step but starts to step up from the middle onward; Atriplex gmelini and Aster tripolium growing slowly in the initial stage but fast later on; and Suaeda asparagoides that turns from the constant growth in the beginning to rapid growth in the later period. The outcomes of the analysis into status of growth and influencing factors of Suaeda japonica in the sowing field that is most widely prevalent in the Saemangeum Reclaimed Land as a sort of ecological pioneer in the salt marshes showed that the average size of grass lands, density and number of individuals increase in the natural sowing field as well as in the plowing field regardless of their physical as well as physico-chemical features of the soil as the season progresses from June to October of a year.

A study on vegetation in the Mangyeong River and Dongjin River basins and the surrounding regions of the Saemangeum Reclaimed Land was conducted in a series of efforts to determine the expected ecological changes in the salt marshes, to restore their vegetation, to explore the restoring force of halophyte, to examine the community mechanism and, ultimately, to rehabilitate marshy land vegetation along the lakeside, coastal dune and salt marshes of the Saemangeum Project Area. The findings of the study may be summed up as follows: Five species such as Suaeda japonica, Salicornia herbacea, Atriplex gmelini, Aster tripolium and Suaeda asparagoides that are mostly distributed in the estuary of the Saemangeum Reclaimed Land were analyzed to examine the mechanism of halophyte to maintain their community. To find out the strategies of plants for survival and the cause of forming community structure, a research was made as for appearance ratio of young sapling. From the results of laboratory analysis into dynamics of the saplings of halophyte, it was revealed that the germination ratio of the dry area and submerged area decreases in the order of Suaeda asparagoides, Suaeda japonica, Salicornia herbacea, Atriplex gmelini and Aster tripolium.

본 연구는 2006년 7월부터 2008년 4월까지 한국 서남해안의 대표적인 18개 해안 염습지에서 생육지와 토양특성을 조사하여 서남해안 염습지 식생복원을 위한 기초자료를 제시하였다. 조사지역은 염습지의 생육지 유형에 따라 1차적으로 해안성 염습지와 하구성 염습지로 구분하고, 2차적으로 해안성 염습지는 점토성 염습지, 사질성 염습지, 사구성 염습지, 하구성 염습지는 염소택지와 기수성 염습지로 구분하였다. 생육지 유형별 주요 식물군락은 점토성 염습지에서는 갈대군락, 천일사초군락, 칠면초군락, 사질성 염습지에서는 갈대군락, 갯잔디군락, 천일사초군락, 퉁퉁마디군락, 큰비쑥군락, 해홍나물군락, 사구성 염습지에서는 갯그령군락, 통보리사초군락, 순비기나무군락, 염소택지에서는 갈대군락, 갯잔디군락, 해홍나물군락, 천일사초군락, 하구 염습지에서는 칠면초군락, 갈대군락, 천일사초군락, 나문재군락으로 나타났다. 염생식물 군락분포지역의 토양 환경은 염생식물의 생육지 특성에 따른 염생식물군락과 토양의 차이가 나타났다. 따라서 해안 염습지를 복원할 경우, 염습지를 대상으로 생육지 토양의 물리적 특성, 이화학적특성을 파악하여 생육지 조건에 맞는 염생식물을 선정하고, 이식한 후 자연식생이 형성된 지역을 중심으로 점차 확장시킴으로써 염생식물이 안정적으로 정착, 발아, 생장하는데 유리할 것이다.

The purpose of this study was to research about salt marsh flora and vegetation in the Dongjin-river estuary area where has a project for Sea Man Geum Reclaimed Land so that we can foster foundation on restoration of an ecological habitat, development of applicable plant and establishment of a conservation policy after deceloping the reclaimed land for salt marsh vegetation which has great value ecologically. In conclusion, we was distributed that there are 7 families 21 genera, 25 species, 2 varieties of vascular plant at the Dongjin-river estuary area which have 27 taxa in total and are 0.64% among 4,191 of korean vascular plant. There are also 2 family, 2 genus, 2 species of a naturalized plant which are 1.1% of indicator of a naturalized plant salt marsh vegetation of the downstream are very much affected by the time of inundation, tidal water so that a low degree of salt marsh has frequent flooding by sea water and has a pure group of Suaeda japonica. A Phragmites communis, Carex scabrifolia are distributed mainly around a waterway of salt marsh and Zoysia sinica, Atriplex subcordata, Phragmites communis are living in stock as forming into patch around medium salt marsh. Suaeda asparagoides, Phacelurus latifolius are living around a little high ground and a Phragmites communis is a behind vegetation of Phacelurus latifolius and a part of the Phragmites communis are living along with waterway in a salt marsh as a community. By the Z-M method twelve plant communities were recognized ; Suaeda japonica, Carex scabrifolia, Zoysia sinica, Artemisia scoparia, Phacelurus latifolius, Phragmites communis, Suaeda maritima, Suaeda japonica-Atriplex gmelini, Phragmites communis-Suaeda japonica, Suaeda japonica-Salicornia herbacea, Salicornia herbacea-Suaeda asparagoides and Scirpus planiculmis community. The actual vegetation map was constructed on the grounds of the communities classified and other data.