This study was accomplished to investigate the effects of the night temperatures on the dark respiration and fruit quality of ‘Heukgoosul’ grape at ripening time. The weight of cluster and berry increased significantly at 20oC than 30oC in night temperature. The length and diameter of berry harvested from the 20oC and 25°C treatments also increased significantly. But there were no differences in the cluster length and diameter as well as the number of berries per cluster. When the amount of CO2 uptake was examined, the dark respiration decreased at 20°C in comparison with 30°C. On the other hand, the anthocyanin content of fruits harvested from the 20°C treatment was higher 38.8 μg·cm-2 than that of 30°C 27.7 μg·cm-2. Hunter’s value such as L(brightness), a(red chromaticity) and b(yellow chromaticity) showed the significance between 20°C and 30°C treatments. Soluble solid content and acidity of berry fruits harvested from the 20°C treatment increased respectively by 3.4 °Brix and 1.6 times. With consideration of the main characteristics of fruit harvested at 30°C, the sugar-acid ratio 72.6% was lowered and the color chart showed the low value 7.1, therefore, the overall fruit quality was deteriorated. When the production yield rates of first harvest 23.6% and second harvest 44.7% were compared, the 20°C treatment could move up the harvest time earlier.

Background: The leaf temperature (TLEAF) is one of the most important physical parameters governing water and carbon flux, including evapotranspiration, photosynthesis and respiration. Cnidium officinale is one of the important folk medicines for counteracting a variety of diseases, and is particularly used as a traditional medicinal crop in the treatment of female genital inflammatory diseases. In this study, we developed a model to estimate TLeaf of Cnidium officinale Makino based on black globe temperature (TBGT). Methods and Results: This study was performed from April to July 2018 in field characterized by a valley and alluvial fan topography. Databases of TLEAF were curated by infrared thermometry, along with meteorological instruments, including a thermometer, a pyranometer, and an anemometer. Linear regression analysis and Student’s t-test were performed to evaluate the performance of the model and significance of the parameters. The correlation coefficient between observed TLEAF and calculated TBGT obtained using an equation, developed to predict TLEAF based on TBGT was very high (r2 = 0.9500, p < 0.0001). There was a positive relationship between TBGT and solar radiation (r2 = 0.8556, p < 0.0001), but a negative relationship between TBGT and wind speed (r2 = 0.9707, p < 0.0001). These results imply that heat exchange in leaves seems to be mainly controlled by solar radiation and wind speed. The correlation coefficient between actual and estimated TBGT was 0.9710 (p < 0.0001). Conclusions: The developed model can be used to accurately estimate the TLeaf of Cnidium officinale Makino and has the potential to become a practical alternative to assessing cold and heat stress.

최근 도시는 지구온난화와 도시열섬효과의 가중으로 기온상승이 뚜렷하며, 지표면의 대부분이 아스팔트나 콘크리트 재질의 불투수층으로 녹지에 비해 많은 열을 흡수 및 방출하므로 도시에 거주하는 대다수의 시민은 고온 환경에 노출될 가능성이 증가하고 있다. 하지만 현재 국내는 고온 환경에서 인체가 받는 열부하량에 대한 연구가 활발하지 않은 실정이다. 이에 본 연구에서는 고온 환경에서 발생할 수 있는 인명피해를 저감하고자 하는 방재적인 측면에서 인체가 받을 수 있는 열부하량을 간접적으로 평가할 수 있는 흑구온도 관측을 실시하였다. 2012년 하계 집중관측을 통해 흑구온도의 특성 및 표준흑구온도계와 자동관측장비로 개발된 WBGT-K200에서 관측된 흑구온도를 비교분석함으로써 방재적인 측면에서 효율성이 높은 장비를 파악하고자 하였다. 본 연구의 주요결과는 다음과 같다. 첫 번째, 흑구온도는 일사량이 강할수록 강수량이 적을수록 풍속이 약할수록 증가하는 특성을 보였으며, 그 중에서도 일사량에 가장 민감하게 반응하였다. 두 번째, 관측 장비의 특성 상 흑구 내에 물을 채우지 않는 WBGT-K200은 흑구 내에 물을 채우는 표준흑구온도계에 비해 열전도율이 높으며, 비열이 낮은 특성을 보였다. 세 번째, 일사량이 급증하는 11～14 LST사이에 WBGT-K200의 흑구온도가 비교적 높게 나타났다. 이와 같은 결과를 바탕으로 하계 고온 환경에서 발생할 수 있는 인명피해를 저감하기 위한 방재적인 측면에서 흑구 내에 물을 채우지 않고, 일사량이 증가하는 시간대에 흑구온도가 상대적으로 높게 나타난 WBGT-K200을 사용하는 것이 적합하다고 판단된다.

In order to monitor the impact of high temperature which is seen frequently with climate change, we investigated the monthly change in globe temperature, air temperature, mean radiant temperature and effective radiant heat flow, because the four well reflect thermal radiation from bio-meteorological aspect. Both globe temperature and air temperature showed an increasing trend every month. Compared to air temperature, globe temperature had a wider range of temperature change and was more influenced by meteorological element such as precipitation. Diurnal trends of air temperature, globe temperature and the difference between their temperature had the lowest value before the sunrise and the highest around 1300～1500 LST, showing the typical diurnal trends. Globe temperature and the difference between their temperature had a sharp increase around 1000～1100 LST, maintained high value until 1700 LST and then reclined, though varied by month. The difference between globe temperature and air temperature was highly dependent on the amount of precipitation and clouds. The duration in which globe temperature was higher than air temperature was the lowest in July. Therefore the amount of precipitation was the most affecting, followed by the amount of clouds and wind. In order to find out the diurnal trends of temperature in city center and city outskirts, we assumed the roof of a concrete building as a city center, and the grass-covered observatory of the Gimhae International Airport as city outskirts. The diurnal trends of temperature in the two sites showed a strong correlation. The highest and lowest temperature also had the same trend.