주암호는 전라남도와 광주광역시에 약 1,180,000톤/일의 생활용수와 공업용수를 공급하는 상수원이다. 상수원수계의 생활하수, 축산폐수, 숙박업소, 식당 등 점오염원과 주거지, 농경지, 산림지역에서 우수와 함께 유출되는 비점오염원으로부터 발생하는 오염부하량으로 이들 상수원의 수질은 점점 악화되어 3급수로 전락할 우려가 높아지고 있다. 이들 상수원의 수질관리에 있어 중요한 인자의 파악과 인자들간 상호작용의 이해를 용이하게 해주는 수계수질관리 부분생태계모형을 제시하였으며 지리정보체계를 응용하여 수계의 점오염원과 비점오염원을 데이터베이스화하는 방법, 오염부하량 산출방법, 점원 및 비점오염원의 공간분석, 상수원 보호구역으로부터 완충구역분석, 위성자료 분석을통한 상수원 수계 토지이용분석과 비점오염원 부하량산출 응용 방법등을 연구하였다 분석결과 주암호수계의 BOD 부하량은 주거지. 생활하수, 축산폐수, 경작지, 식당이 차지하는 비율이 높으며 총질소 부하량은 경작지, 산림, 생활하수, 추간폐수가 높으며 그리고 총인 부하량은 생활하수, 축산폐수, 경작지가 높은 것으로 나타났다. 점오염원인 생활하수, 축산폐수, 식당 뿐만 아니라 비점오염원인 경작지도 수질오염에 상당한 영향을 미치고 있다.

For the development of flow duration curves for the management of 41 Total Maximum Daily Load (TMDL) units of the Nakdong River basin, first, an equation for estimating daily flow rates as well as the level of correlation (correlation and determination coefficients) was extrapolated through regression analysis of discrete (Ministry of Environment) and continuous (Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transportation) measurement data. The equation derived from the analysis was used to estimate daily flow rates in order to develop flow duration curves for each TMDL unit. By using the equation, the annual flow duration curves and flow curves, for the entire period and for each TMDL unit of the basin, were developed to be demonstrated in this research. Standard flow rates (abundant-, ordinary-, low- and drought flows) for major flow duration periods were calculated based on the annual flow duration curves. Then, the flow rates, based on percentile ranks of exceedance probabilities (5, 25, 50, 75, and 95%), were calculated according to the flow duration curves for the entire period and are suggested in this research. These results can be used for feasibility assessment of the set values of primary and secondary standard flow rates for each river system, which are derived from complicated models. In addition, they will also be useful for the process of implementing TMDL management, including evaluation of the target level of water purity based on load duration curves.

The Ministry of Environment (MOE) has made more effort in managing point source pollution rather than in nonpoint source pollution in order to improve water quality of the four major rivers. However, it would be difficult to meet water quality targets solely by managing the point source pollution. As a result of the comprehensive measures established in 2004 under the leadership of the Prime Minister’s Office, a variety of policies such as the designation of control areas to manage nonpoint source pollution are now in place. Various action plans to manage nonpoint source pollution have been implemented in the Soyang-dam watershed as one of the control areas designed in 2007. However, there are no tools to comprehensively assess the effectiveness of the action plans. Therefore, this study would assess the action plans (especially, BMPs) designed to manage Soyang-dam watershed with the WinHSPF and the CE-QUAL-W2. To this end, we simulated the rainfall-runoff and the water quality (SS) of the watershed and the reservoir after conducting model calibration and the model validation. As the results of the calibration for the WinHSPF, the determination coefficient (R2) for the flow (Q, m3/s) was 0.87 and the R2 for the SS was 0.78. As the results of the validation, the former was 0.78 and the latter was 0.67. The results seem to be acceptable. Similarly, the calibration results of the CE-QUAL-W2 showed that the RMSE for the water level was 1.08 and the RMSE for the SS was 1.11. The validation results(RMSE) of the water level was 1.86 and the SS was 1.86. Based on the daily simulation results, the water quality target (turbidity 50 NTU) was not exceeded for 2009∼2011, as results of maximum turbidity in '09, '10, and '11 were 3.1, 2.5, 5.6 NTU, respectively. The maximum turbidity in the years with the maximum, the minimum, and the average of yearly precipitation (1982∼2011) were 15.5, 7.8, and 9.0, respectively, and therefore the water quality target was satisfied. It was discharged high turbidity at Inbuk, Gaa, Naerin, Gwidun, Woogak, Jeongja watershed resulting of the maximum turbidity by sub-basins in 3years(2009∼2011). The results indicated that the water quality target for the nonpoint source pollution management should be changed and management area should be adjusted and reduced.

This study tried to investigate and analyze the actual state such as the regional, classified, and material characteristics of the water quality in order to research the several factors by which the filtrated water of the total 250 cases can be polluted in the water tank. The 215 points (86%) clean the water tanks twice a year regularly and J-city has done the best job of cleaning the water tanks. The fifty points (20%) of the total 250 investigation points examine the water quality of the water tanks every year, however, the 175 investigation points (70%) do not execute the inspection of water quality. In the case of the regional characteristics in the water quality, the 23 points (46%) in H-county, the 17 points (34%) in S-county, and the 16 points (32%) in G-city are incongruent in the standard, and the incongruity ratio of the water quality in J-city is the lowest. The result of the classified incongruity shows that total coliforms were found at the 61 investigation points, mesophilic bacteria were found at the 27 points, and turbidity was found at the 12 points. In the case of the material incongruity, concrete was found at the 63 investigation points as the most distinguished factor, and FRP (fiberglass reinforced plastic) at the 23 points, SMC (sheet molding compound) at the 12 points, and stainless steel was found at the 2 points.

본 연구에서는 지표흐름 습지의 수질관리를 위하여 습지 내 오염물질을 적절히 모의할 수 있는 연속교반탱크반응기(CSTR) 모델을 구축하였다. 이 모델은 4차 Runge-Kutta법을 사용하고, 실측치와 계산치의 차이를 최소화 하는 최적화 기법으로 해를 구하며, 미국 EPA 습지 데이터베이스에 수록된 자료중 수질 및 수리자료가 충분하며, 분석이 용이한 하나의 수생대를 갖는 습지를 선택하여, 수질항목중 관심도가 높은 BOD, TSS (Total Suspend

The mechanism of water pollution in Lake Shihwa, one of highly eutrophicated artificial lakes in Korea, has been studied using a numerical 3D physical-biochemical coupled model. In this study, the model was applied to estimate the contribution of land-based pollutant load to water quality of heavily polluted Lake Shihwa. The chemical oxygen demand(COD) was adopted as an index of the lake water quality, and the spatial distribution of an average COD concentration during the summer from 1999 to 2000 was simulated by the model. The simulated COD showed a good agreement with the observed data. According to reproducibility of COD, the highest levels between 8 and 9 mg/L were shown at the inner site of the lake with inflow of many rivers and ditches, while the lowest was found to be about 5 mg/L at the southwestern site near to dike gate. In the prediction of water quality of Lake Shihwa, COD showed still higher levels than 3 mg/L in case of reduction of 95% for land-based pollutant load. This suggests that the curtailment of land-based pollutant load is not only sufficient but the improvement of sediment quality or the increase of seawater exchange should be considered together to improve a water quality in Lake Shihwa.

This study estimated response of water quality and pollutant behavior according to the discharge and reuse of treated wastewater by three-dimensional eco-hydrodynamic model, and suggest plan that water quality management and environmental restoration in the coastal area including urban stream of Yeosu, Korea. Dispersions of low-saline water and COD by treated wastewater loads (design facility capacity, about 110,000 m3/d) were very limited in near of effluent site. Nutrients, however, increase compared to the other water quality factors, especially total nitrogen was very sensitive to input loads. When reuse some of treated wastewater to Yeondeung stream, nitrogen was big influence on estuarine water quality. Although current characteristics of treated wastewater such as discharge and water quality were negligible to the change of marine environment, effluent concentration of COD, TN and TP, especially 40% of TN, are reduced within the allowable pollutant loads for satisfy environmental capacity and recommended water quality criteria. Also, controls of input point/non-point sources to Yeondeung stream and base concentration of pollutants in coastal sea itself are very necessary.

Water pollution in enclosed water bodies such as lake and river has become a serious problem over the world. Domestic wastewater is responsible for more than 60 % pollution load in public water area in Korea. Effluent of the treated domestic wastewater at low removal level is abundantly fed rivers and lakes and thus be an serious cause of lake pollution. Therefore, effective implement of domestic wastewater treatment in basin of lake and river must be prepared. The septic tank is one of the effective domestic wastewater treatment equipment and used in individual treatment for a unit of household. The purpose of septic tank as biological treatment system is simultaneously to remove BOD, T-N, T-P and reduce turbidity from influent. Accordingly, the appropriate control of functional microorganisms is important subject for the establishment of stability and economy of the biological treatment method. Especially, microanimals as a high-ranked microorganisms of food-chain are important, because microanimals control the other microorganisms especially various bacteria and effect on function of treatment. Therefore, it is necessary that functional predator like rotifers are attached in wastewater treatment process. In this study, the methods for attachment high density the rotifer to and improvement of transparency in the effluence by a dense rotifer was examined using laboratory scale biological treatment reactor simulated septic tank and real one.

In this study, the material cycle model was applied to suggest alternative management of water quality for Jeju Harbor. The distribution of COD, DIN (dissolved inorganic nitrogen) and DIP (dissolved inorganic phosphorus) concentrations was reasonably reproduced by simulations on the model area of the Jeju Harbor using a material cycle model. The simulations of COD, DIN and DIP concentrations were performed under the conditions of 20～100% pollution loadings reductions from pollution sources. In case of the 100% reduction of the input loads from Sanzi river, concentrations of COD, DIN and DIP were reduced to 39%, 78% and 52%, respectively at Jeju harbor. In contrast, in case of the pollutant loadings reductions from sediment, the effect of DIN and DIP reduction relatively seemed to increase around the center of study area. The 95% reduction of the pollutant loadings from river and sediment is required to meet the COD and nutrients concentration of second grade of ocean water quality criteria.

The purpose of this study is to investigate the characteristics of water quality in Jeju harbor and to estimate pollutant loadings discharged into Jeju Harbor. To know characteristics of water quality in Jeju harbor and pollutant loadings of Sanzi river, we have investigated from August, 2000 to May, 2001. The results showed that the concentrations of COD, DIN and DIP were in the range of 1.00～4.85㎎/L (mean 2.15㎎/L), 2.14～74.0㎍-at/L(mean 12.20㎍-at/L) and 0.52～4.00㎍-at/L(mean 1.18㎍-at/L), respectively. These values were under Ⅲ class of seawater quality criteria. The ratio of nitrogen to phosphorus was lower than 16 except for Station 1 in Jeju harbor. Therefore, nitrogen was playing an important role in phytoplankton growth as limiting factor in Jeju harbor. The mean values of eutrophication index were exceeding 1, which was the eutrophication criteria. The results of estimating pollutant loadings at Sanzi river are 0.30 ton/day for COD, 300㎏/day for DIN and 18.0㎏/day for DIP, respectively.

하천에서 동수역학적 흐름해석 및 오염물질의 이송-확산 해석을 수행하고, 불확실도 해석기법을 이용하여 신뢰도 해석을 수행할 수 있는 2차원 수질관리모형인 UUWQM(Unsteady/Uncertainty Water Quality Model) 모형을 개발하였다. 본 모형의 실제 적용을 위해 낙동강 중류부의 성주에서 현풍까지 35km 구간에 대하여 2차원 동역학적 흐름해석과 수질해석이 실시되었다. 민감도 분석을 통해 수질모형에 기여도가 큰 입력변수들을 결정하였

옥정호에 대한 수질변화 조사 자료를 토대로 수질모의를 실시하였으며, 그 결과 바탕으로 효율적인 댐저수지 수질관리 방안을 제시하였다. 옥정호의 수질은 계절에 다라 중영양상태와 부영양상태를 나타내는 것으로 평가되었으며 이러한 수질상태는 외부로부터 유입되는 오염원에 많은 영향을 받게 되므로 우선 유역으로부터 유입되는 오염부하의 정확한 산정이 필요한 것으로 평가되었다. 1999년에 조사한 7차례의 강우기간 중 총 부하와 일년간 발생한 총 부하를 비교하면 강우량

도시유역의 수자원 개발 및 재해예방을 위해서는 정확한 입력정보의 생성방안을 개발하였고, 급속한 도시화의 영향에 따른 수자원 및 환경문제를 보다 효율적으로 해결하기 위하여 전문가시스템의 개발 및 적용방안을 제안하였다. ARC/INFO를 사용한 지리정보체계의 적용과 인공위성 관측자료를 사용함으로써 넓은 공간에서 시간적 변화가 큰 안양천 유역의 자료들을 합리적으로 획득하였으며, CLIPS 6.0을 적용하여 전문가시스템 ESPE를 개발하였다. 재현결과가 측정자