Recently, most underground structures are used parking lot and artificial ground greening is growing on the top of the structures also. Various waterproofing-root resistance materials and methods has been developing to artificial ground greening system based on concrete structures. However, It is hard to confirm proper quality control standard of waterproofing-root resistance materials because of complicated environment and conditions of special site which is artificial ground greening. This study goals to develop a evaluaion techniques to mak sure of the long term stability waterproofing-root resistance material on artificial ground greening system.

By using non-destructive inspection equipment, ultrasonic and schmidt hammer, this research performed non-destructive inspection of underwater concrete for more efficient management in underwater concrete structures. And based on instrumented rebound hardness and ultrasonic pulse velocity, we developed the underwater concrete structures-strength estimation models using artificial neural network.

This paper aims at featuring dynamic characteristic of cable-stayed bridge by means of an artificial filter bank(AFB), for the purpose of effective acquirement of real-time valid dynamic(acceleration) responses. The AFB was embedded into a wireless sensing system. Also, through modal testings performed on a model of cable-stayed bridge, its dynamic characteristics were featured on natural frequency. They were evaluated in comparison to wired measurement responses and FE analysis. Finally, the dynamic wireless measurement system on the basis of AFB were found technologically and economically effective by obtaining valid dynamic(acceleration) responses whose size was compressed over the frequency range of interest.

This study was conducted for determining the influence of artificial structures on benthic macroinvertebrate communities in stream. Sampling was taken at upper(pool), down(riffle) and control(riffle) from two check dams, two weirs, one agricultural reservoir, and one multipurpose dam in northern part of Gyeongsangbuk-do. The benthic macroinvertebrate communities of these structures were surveyed during 2009 to 2011. The simple habitat of benthic macroinvertebrates occurred at the upper sites due to pooling effects from artificial structures. Specifically, Check dam1, Jusanji, Imha dam showed very low biological attribute values compared to the down and control sites, which have greater difference in substrate characteristics. However, in the upper sites of Check dam2, Weir1 and Weir2, the difference of values of biological attributes was relatively smaller. Also, proportion of functional feeding groups and functional habit groups were relatively simpler at upper stream and the degree of community differences was greater between upper and down, control sites. Spearman’s correlation between biological attributes and substrate characteristics, water quality parameters had significant correlations; particularly, the substrate characteristics were more significantly related. In conclusion, the pool caused by artificial structures had negative effects on benthic macroinvertebrate communities thus leading to simplified stream habitats at upper stream ecosystems.

This study presents the comparison or distribution of the dynamic responses with or without soil-structure interaction. As a result, the maximum dynamic displacements and member forces of the suspension bridge with the soil-structure interaction (SSI) are larger than those without SSI. Therefore, the SSI analysis of suspension bridge must be performed more exactly to represent its dynamic responses.

현재 국내 연안에 시공된 호안구조물은 불투수성 콘크리트 재료로 이루어진 급경사 또는 직립의 획일적인 형식으로 파랑에너지 저감 효과가 미비하며 저면 세굴로 인한 구조물 붕괴 및 반사파에 의한 주변해빈 침식의 문제점을 발생시키고 있다. 이러한 파랑에너지에 의한 연안의 침식 및 자갈화 문제를 해결하고자 많은 연구가 선행되었지만 특정 구조물을 개발하여 효율성을 검증하는데 한정되어있는 실정으로 호안구조물의 물리적 특성(마찰면적, 공극률, 배열)이 파랑에너지에 미치는 영향에 대한 연구는 미비한 실정이다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 다양한 마찰면적과 공극률 그리고 배열을 가지는 인공사석들을 제작하여 호안구조물의 물리적 특성이 파랑에너지에 미치는 영향을 수리모형실험을 통하여 분석하였다. 12가지 사석형상에 대한 1차 규칙파 수리모형실험 결과 공극률이 같을 때 마찰면적이 증가할 경우 마찰면적이 가장 큰 구조물이 전체 주기와 파고에 대해서 최대처오름과 반사율이 가장 낮게 측정되어 마찰면적이 증가는 파랑에너지 감소에 효과적인 것으로 평가되었으며 마찰면적이 같을 때 공극률의 증가는 공극률이 가장 큰 구조물이 파랑에너지 감소가 가장 잘되는 것으로 평가되었으나 짧은 주기에서는 큰 공극률에 저류된 물이 처오름을 가중시켜 최대처오름을 증가시키는 것으로 분석되었다. 또한 마찰면적과 공극률이 증가할수록 파랑에너지에 효과적이나 마찰면적과 공극이 작더라도 파도의 진행방향과 연직방향으로 접촉면적이 작은 사석 배열이 마찰면적과 공극이 크지만 파도의 진행방향과 연직방향으로 접촉면적이 큰 사석 배열보다 파랑에너지 감소에 효과적인 것으로 분석되어 사석의 배열이 파랑에너지 감소에 중요한 인자로 평가되었다. 2차 불규칙파 수리모형실험 결과 동일한 마찰면적과 공극률을 가진 호안구조물의 경우 파도의 진행방향과 연직방향으로 접촉면이 클수록 처오름 및 반사율이 크게 측정되었다. 2차원 유속측정 결과 X방향 유속은 처오름과 반사율 측정 결과의 경향과 비슷한 결과를 보였으며 Y방향 유속은 파의 흐름을 인위적으로 바꾼 배열이 크게 측정되었다. 또한 1:1.5 경사와 1:2.0 경사에 따른 흐름특성 분석 결과 처오름 및 반사율이 1:2.0 경사가 낮게 측정되었으며 유속 저감 효율도 1:2.0 경사가 높은 것으로 측정되었다. 해안 침식 방지를 위한 호안구조물은 물리적 특성과 배열이 파랑에너지 저감에 중요하다.

In mid-August 2002, under clear summer pressure patterns, we carried out an intensive meteorological observation to examine the warming effects due to artificial constructions in a large housing complex. We set an automatic weather system(AWS) at two places in a bare soil surface within a limited development district and an asphalt surface within a large apartment residence area, respectively. As a result of observation, it became clear that the difference of the surface air(ground) temperature between the bare soil surface and its peripheral asphalt area reached about 4℃(13℃) at the maximum from diurnal variation of surface temperatures on AWS data. Through the heat balance analysis using measurement data, it became clear that the thermal conditions at two places are dependent on the properties of surface material. The latent heat flux over the bare soil surface reached to about 300, which is more than a half of net radiation during the daytime. On the other hand, it was nearly zero over the asphalt surface. Hence, the sensible heat flux over the asphalt surface was far more than that of the bare soil surface. The sensible heat flux over the asphalt surface showed about 20～30 during the night. It was released from asphalt surface which have far more heat capacity than that of bare soil surface.