This study compared the use of health functional foods (HFF) by household composition—specifically the presence of minor children—and identified the factors associated with the level of purchase using data from the Food Consumption Behavior Survey 2023 by the Korea Rural Economic Institute. The responses from 3,176 household food purchasers were analyzed, using complex-sample design weights. The primary food purchasers in households with minors (HM) were characterized by a higher proportion of females and purchasers in their 40s–50s, whereas households without minors (HNM) were more often 1–2-person adult households with older purchasers. Both groups reported high rates of home cooking, but HM had a higher shopping frequency. HFF purchases were largely self-initiated rather than gift-driven. The motivations of HFF purchase differed by household type: HM more frequently reported growth/development, learning enhancement, and disease prevention, while HNM emphasized fatigue recovery, health promotion, and disease treatment. The non-use of HFF was most commonly attributed to the lack of perceived needs; information deficits were more salient in HM, whereas cost concerns were stronger in HNM. The average use was 2.2 products per household, with vitamins/minerals, probiotics, omega-3 fatty acids, and ginseng most common. Logistic regression analysis showed that income, interest in health, purchasing method, and product variety were significant predictors of increased HFF spending in HNM, but the explanatory power of the model was not statistically significant in HM. These findings suggest that consumer education and communication strategies regarding HFF should be tailored to the household life cycle and emphasize their safe use, particularly for HM.

This study assessed the feasibility of deploying mobile safety-sign robots to replace human flaggers in highway work zones and determined the optimal Dynamic Message Display (DMD) configurations. The study consisted of two phases. The first phase involved a pilot test on a test road in Yeoju, where the work zone conditions were replicated by following the highway work zone traffic management guidelines. Eight drivers participated in a pilot test. All four driving behavior indicators demonstrated improvements in driving safety under the robotbased scenario compared with the conventional human flagger scenario. The second phase adopted a Virtual Reality (VR)-integrated Driving Simulator (DS) to analyze the driver behavior across various DMD types. Six robot-based scenarios were designed by combining three DMD message types with two display sizes along with one baseline scenario based on existing guidelines for comparison. Twenty drivers participated in this experiment. A rank-based comparative analysis incorporating five evaluation indicators was performed to derive the optimal DMD display type. Scenario 3 (vertical ‘60’ display) and Scenario 6 (horizontal ‘감속60’ display, ‘Reduce speed to 60’ in English) were identified as the optimal DMD display types. These findings establish a foundation for the development of traffic management standards for safety sign robots in highway work zones.

목적 : 본 연구는 안경 착용자의 안경 사용 현황과 연령에 따른 구매 행태를 분석하여 안경원의 연령별 마케팅 전략 수립을 위한 실증적 기초 자료를 제공하고자 하였다. 방법 : 안경 착용자 97명을 대상으로 설문 조사를 실시하였으며, SPSS ver. 18.0을 사용하여 빈도 및 백분율 산출과 Spearman 상관분석을 수행하였다. 순위형 문항은 1순위=1, 2순위=2, 3순위=3으로 코딩하였으며, 값이 낮을수록 해당 요인의 중요도가 높음을 의미한다. 결과 : 착용 안경의 종류는 시력교정용 안경이 88.66%로 가장 높았으며, 안경 구매 목적 역시 시력 교정용이 78.35%로 가장 많았다. 안경 사용 기간 및 교체 주기는 1년 이상~2년 미만이 각각 31.96%, 34.02%로 가장 높았 으며, 최근 안경 구매 장소는 프랜차이즈 안경원이 48.45%로 가장 높은 비율을 차지하였다. 연령에 따른 구매처 선택 요인 분석 결과, 20~29세는 저렴한 가격 및 할인 행사를 가장 중요하게 고려한 반면, 30세 이상에서는 검안 및 피팅 전문성 신뢰를 우선시하는 경향이 나타났다. 상관관계 분석 결과, 연령은 향후 안경 구매 장소(ρ=−0.227, p<0.050)와 유의한 음의 상관관계를, 저렴한 가격 및 할인 행사(ρ=0.332, p<0.050)와 안경 구매 예산(ρ=0.330, p<0.010)과는 유의한 양의 상관관계를 보였다. 결론 : 연령에 따라 안경 소비자의 구매 행태와 선택 기준이 유의하게 달라지는 것으로 확인되었으며, 안경원의 경영 전략 수립 시 주요 고객층의 연령 특성을 반영한 차별화된 마케팅 전략이 필요할 것으로 판단된다.

This study analyzes the usage behavior and travel characteristics of shared micro-electric vehicle (micro-EV) mobility services using large-scale empirical data collected over three years (2023-2025) from three pilot regions in Korea: Daejeon, Mokpo, and Jeju Island. By integrating the location-based driving records, user information, trip surveys, and weather data, 66,843 valid trips were extracted, including 49,264 trips matched with user attributes. Usage behavior was first examined through statistical analyses of user demographics and surveybased information on trip purposes, multimodal connections, and user satisfaction. The results indicate that micro-EV services support diverse usage behaviors, ranging from commuting and campus travel to leisure, with distinct regional differences in user composition and service roles. A travel pattern analysis further revealed clear temporal and environmental characteristics, including pronounced seasonal peaks between July and October, higher weekday utilization associated with commuting demand, high concentration of trips during daytime hours, and a nonlinear response to weather conditions, in which usage increased under moderate temperatures but declined during extreme heat, cold, or precipitation. A distance-based analysis showed that micro-EV trips were generally short-distance in nature, while substantial regional variations existed. Daejeon was dominated by ultra-short campus-oriented trips, Mokpo exhibited a broader distribution of short urban trips linked to daily activities and tourism, and Jeju Island demonstrated a higher share of mid-distance trips reflecting industrial park commuting and inter-destination travel. A spatial origin-destination (OD) analysis further highlighted region-specific network structures, with Daejeon forming a compact hub-based network, Mokpo displaying a dispersed pattern centered on major transit facilities, and Jeju Island exhibiting a multipurpose network shaped by commuting and tourism mobility. These findings provide empirical evidence that shared micro-EV services function as flexible region-dependent mobility solutions, underscoring the need for differentiated operational strategies, station-based service planning, and integration with local transport systems to support sustainable urban mobility.

This study investigates the thermo-mechanical behavior and residual stress characteristics of friction stir welding (FSW) in an aluminum inverter housing using finite element analysis (FEA). FSW experiments were first conducted under various tool rotation and traverse speed conditions, and temperature histories were measured using K-type thermocouples. The optimal process condition was identified through tensile testing, and the heat input was estimated by comparing experimental and numerical results. The estimated heat source was incorporated into a transient thermal elasto-plastic analysis to evaluate deformation and residual stresses in an inverter housing model. The results indicated that residual stress distributions varied depending on the welding start position. In particular, when welding started at P3 (near thick ribs and bosses) residual stresses were reduced by approximately 30% compared to P1, owing to the higher local stiffness and enhanced heat dissipation that mitigated temperature gradients. Conversely, welding initiated at P1, a flat region with insufficient reinforcement, resulted in higher stress concentrations. These findings confirm that the welding start position significantly influences residual stress behavior in inverter housings and provide fundamental insights for developing residual stress control strategies in FSW of large-scale components.

Hydrogen embrittlement (HE) remains one of the most critical challenges in ensuring the structural integrity of steels for hydrogen energy infrastructures, including storage and transport systems. Despite decades of research, the underlying mechanism of HE is still not fully understood due to the complexity of hydrogen-microstructure interactions across multiple length scales. Cryogenic Atom Probe Tomography (Cryo-APT) has recently emerged as a unique method of providing near-atomic resolution and compositional sensitivity for hydrogen analysis, thereby enabling direct visualization of hydrogen distribution at defects, interfaces, and precipitates. This review summarizes recent progress in Cryo-APT-based investigations of hydrogen behavior in steels, with a focus on trapping mechanisms, the role of microstructural features, and the synergistic activation of multiple HE mechanisms. Key technical developments, such as cryogenic workflows and isotope tracing, have significantly advanced the reliability of Cryo-APT hydrogen quantification. Case studies on ferritic-martensitic steels, pearlitic steels, and advanced high-strength steels highlight the potential of Cryo-APT to reveal both diffusible and non-diffusible hydrogen trapping. While current limitations include local sampling bias, experimental complexity, and signal interpretation challenges, continuous improvements in methodology and integration with multiscale modeling are expected to establish Cryo-APT as a core approach for elucidating HE mechanisms. This review provides a comprehensive perspective on the current technical state and future directions of Cryo-APT in HE researches.

This study analyzed online food consumption behaviors by segmenting consumers based on their dietary lifestyles using the Consumer Behavior Survey for Food in 2024 of the Korea Rural Economic Institute. Factor analysis and cluster analysis classfied the dietary lifestyles of the respondents into the ‘convenience and experience-seeking group’, ‘low involvement group’, ‘health-seeking group’, and ‘plan-seeking group’. The highest frequency of online food purchases by respondents was ‘once every two weeks’, and the most common reason for purchasing food online was ‘because it is delivered’. The most frequently used channel for online food purchase was ‘online shopping malls’, with price, quality, and overall satisfaction remaining above average. The analysis of perceptions and behavioral patterns revealed that consumers primarily utilized online food services for their convenience and place significant importance on others’ experiences and verified brands. Among the dietary lifestyle groups, the ‘convenience and experience-seeking group’ showed the highest mean scores across most perceptions and behavioral items. These results confirm that online food consumption varied significantly depending on dietary lifestyle groups, highlighting that dietary lifestyle is a crucial factor for market segmentation and the development of targeted marketing strategies.

본 연구는 금융교육의 궁극적인 목표인 합리적인 금융행위 실현 및 금융웰빙 달성을 위하여 금융교육이 금융행위에 영향을 미치는 경로를 실증적으로 분석하고자 하였다. 특히, 금융지 식과 금융태도를 매개변수로 설정하여 금융교육이 금융지식 수준을 높이고, 높은 수준의 금 융지식은 긍정적이고 올바른 금융태도를 형성하며, 그러한 금융태도는 곧 금융행위의 변화 를 유발할 것이라는 판단 하에 연구모형을 설정하고 경로분석을 실시하였다. 연구 결과, 금 융교육 경험은 금융지식에는 직접적인 영향을 미치지 않았지만, 금융태도와 금융행위에는 직접적 영향이 있는 것으로 나타났다. 나아가, 금융교육 경험과 금융행위의 관계에서 금융 태도의 매개효과를 통계적으로 검증하여, 교육이 결국 실천으로 이어지게 되는 중요한 경로 를 확인할 수 있었다. 본 연구를 통해 금융교육이 단순한 지식 전달에 머무르지 않고, 성인 의 정의적 영역인 금융태도를 함양하여 궁극적으로 행동의 긍정적인 변화를 유도할 수 있음 을 밝혀냄으로써 금융교육 효과의 검증과 추후 금융교육 프로그램 개발에서의 시사점을 제 공할 수 있을 것으로 기대한다.

하수 성상의 복잡성과 인구증가 그리고 빠른 도시화에 대응하기 위해 오염원에서 하수를 재이용하는 중수도 시스 템의 중요성이 부각되고 있다. 중수(greywater)는 가정 하수 중 변기를 제외한 세면대, 욕실, 싱크대, 세탁기 등에서 발생하는 하수를 의미한다. 본 연구는 가압식 한외여과(ultrafiltration) 분리막 시스템을 이용하여 중수의 직접 여과 및 주기적 역세척을 포함하는 분리막 여과 공정 수행을 통해 역세수의 성상에 따른 투과도 회복 효과를 분석하였다. 실험 결과, 세제에 일반적으 로 포함된 계면활성제 성분이 막 파울링(fouling) 완화에 지배적으로 기여하였고 계면활성제 부재 시 분리막 투과도는 여과 시작 15 min 만에 초기 투과도 대비 90%가 감소한 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 또한, 기존 연구 결과와 달리 분리막에서 생산되 는 투과수를 역세척수로 사용했을 때 수돗물을 적용하였을 때보다 투과도 회복률이 약 16% 더 높음을 확인할 수 있었다. 특 히, 투과수를 이용한 화학적 강화 역세척(chemical enhanced backwash, CEB)을 수행하였을 때 투과수의 성분과 첨가된 차아 염소산나트륨(NaOCl)의 시너지 효과로 인해 분리막 파울링을 효과적으로 감소시킬 수 있었다.

In the present study, to investigate the seismic behavior of a cabinet under earthquakes, three types of mass blocks (top load, center load, and bottom load) were selected as the cabinet's internal structure, and the vibration characteristics according to the load arrangement were studied. The internal structure simulates the device modules installed inside the cabinet. The cabinet's modal characteristics and response spectrum were evaluated under the three types of loads. Six modes, displacement, and acceleration responses for each load were analyzed. The analysis results showed that mode 1 had the lowest frequency, and that the frequency increased by approximately two times as the mode increased. The change in natural frequency according to load placement was confirmed through modal analysis of the cabinet. The cabinet's displacement and acceleration were greatest in the x-axis and lowest in the y-axis. Displacement and acceleration according to the load distribution at the top, center, and bottom were within a certain range, so the vibration characteristics of the internal structure of the cabinet were limitedly affected.

본 연구는 20·30대 MZ세대의 친환경 행동의도에 영향을 미치는 환경 동기요인을 실증적으로 분석하고, 기후변화 심각성 인식이 이들 동기와 친환경 행동의도 간에 매개효과를 갖는지 실증적으로 분석하는데 목적이 있다. 2024년 국민환경의식조사에 참여한 968명의 청년층을 대상으로, 환경 동기요인(규범적, 쾌락적, 이익, 이타적, 생태적, 이기적 동기)과 기 후변화 심각성인식, 친환경 행동의도 간의 관계를 PROCESS Macro 4.2 를 활용해 분석하였다. 분석 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 규범적 동기가 친환경 행동의도에 가장 큰 영향을 미쳤으며, 쾌락적 동기 역시 유의미 한 영향을 보였다. 둘째, 이익 동기와 이타적 동기는 친환경 행동의도에 직접효과만 있었고, 기후변화 심각성 인식을 통한 간접효과는 없는 것으 로 나타났다. 셋째, 생태적 동기와 이기적 동기는 기후변화 심각성 인식 을 매개로 한 간접효과만 나타났다. 이러한 결과는 MZ세대의 친환경 행 동을 촉진하기 위해 규범적·쾌락적 동기 강화와 기후변화 심각성 인식 제고가 중요함을 시사한다.

이 논문은 소비자 설문조사를 통해 여름철 대표 과일인 수박과 참외의 소비자 구매 행태와 구매 빈도에 영향을 미치는 요인을 분석하여 수박·참외 산업의 지속 가능한 발전 방향을 탐구하고자 하였다. 소비자 구매 행태를 분석하고, 구매 빈도에 영향을 미치는 주요 요인을 규명하기 위해 순위형 로짓 분석을 실시하였다. 연구 결과에 따르면 수박은 맛, 외형이 가격보다 더 중요한 요소로 나타나, 고당도 수박 생산, 품종 개선 및 유통 방식 개선의 필요성이 제기되었다. 참외는 맛, 신선도, 외형이 구매시 중요한 요소로 분석되었으며, 고령층 소비자에 비해 젊은층 선호도가 상대적으로 낮아 참외 시장 확대를 위해서는 다양한 소비 계층이 관심을 가질 수 있는 차별화된 판매 전략이 필요하다는 점을 시사하였다.

The purpose of this study is to investigate the dynamic behavior of the internal cabinet of a nuclear power plant due to an earthquake and the characteristics of cabinet vibration reduction by TMD(tuned mass damper). For this purpose, the experimental device was constructed and numerical analysis was performed. The experimental device for the dynamic behavior of the cabinet consists of a cabinet, sliding base, mount, actuator, exciter, and measuring system, and the frequency response function of the cabinet was obtained. In addition, the time history of the cabinet was analyzed for acceleration and displacement through TMD design and cabinet 3D modeling. The natural frequency and response of the cabinet were lowered by approximately 26% due to the structural rigidity of the cabinet under the conditions of door opening and sliding base strong excitation. The acceleration and displacement characteristics of the cabinet varied depending on the TMD mass, and the cabinet vibration reduction effect was the best when the TMD mass was 60kg. The reduction in acceleration and displacement of the cabinet was approximately 12.1–16.2% and 10.1–19.1%, respectively.