산업화를 위한 지구자 및 12가지 식물성 원료 추출물의 생리학적 효과를 평가하기 위하여, 만성 에탄 올을 투여한 마우스 혈청 내에서의 생리학적 지표 및 간과 뇌 조직 내에서의 산화적 스트레스에 대한 보호효과를 확인하였다. 에탄올을 투여한 마우스의 혈당은 정상 대조군 그룹(NG)과 에탄올 투여 그룹 (EG)에서 각각 119.43mg/dL, 305.25mg/dL로 나타났고, 에탄올과 혼합 추출물을 동시에 투여한 그룹 (100, 200mg/kg body weight + 25% ethanol 5g/kg body weight, ME100, ME200)에서 각각 272.76mg/dL, 234.60mg/dL로 감소하였다. 혈중 에탄올 함량은 EG에서 4.08mg/dL를 나타내었고 ME100, 200에서 각각 3.85mg/dL, 3.08mg/dL로 감소하였으며, 혈중 아세트알데하이드 함량은 18.72mg/dL에서 각각 15.76mg/dL, 15.16mg/dL로 감소하였다. 또한 ME100, ME200은 혈청 내의 생 리학적 지표에서 간 독성 지표인 glutamine pyruvic transaminase(GPT), glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase(GOT)와 신장 독성 지표인 blood urea nitrogen(BUN), creatine(CRE), 혈중 total cholesterol(TCHO), triglyceride(TG)의 함량이 유의하게 감소하였다. 뇌 조직에서 에탄올에 의해 acetylcholinesterase(AChE)가 EG(116.10%)에서 NG(100.00%)와 비교하였을 때 증가된 활성을 나타냈 으나, ME에서 각각 109.00%와 108.47%로 유의적으로 감소하였다. ME에서 EG에 비해 간과 뇌 조직에 서 superoxide dismutase(SOD)의 함량이 증가하였고, oxidized glutathione(GSH)/total GSH 비율과 malondialdehyde(MDA)의 함량이 감소하였다. 이러한 결과들을 통해 지구자를 포함한 혼합 추출물은 간, 뇌 조직 및 혈액 등에서 만성 에탄올 섭취에 의해 유발된 산화적 스트레스를 효과적으로 보호할 수 있는 제품으로의 개발이 가능할 것으로 판단된다.

This study was performed to investigate the effects of aluminum sulfate administration on the brain tissues of old rats, when given at different concentrations. The experiment attempted to further ascertain whether aluminum exposure cause Alzheimer's disease. Seventy-five aged Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into five groups; a control group, 2 ppm aluminum sulfate group, 20 ppm aluminum sulfate group, 40 ppm aluminum sulfate group, and 200 ppm aluminum sulfate group, and were kept on the respective diets for 12 weeks. In order to understand the influence of aluminum on the brain, serum aluminum concentrations, phospholipid composition, and catecholamine concentrations were compared between the aluminum-treated groups and the normal group. According to the results, serum aluminum was higher in the aluminum sulfate-treated groups than in the normal group. Within the cortex, catecholamine concentrationes were significantly increased but cerebellum and brainstem tissue were significantly decreased, in the aluminum sulfate-treated groups compared to the normal group. For phospholipid composition, phosphatidyl inositol was significantly increased wherase phosphatidyl choline, phosphatidyl ethanolamine, and phosphatidyl serine were significantly decreased in the aluminum sulfate-treated groups versus the normal group. Based on the data, increased aluminum consumption in experimental animals causes increased serum aluminum levels and catecholamine variation. These phenomena are very similar to conditions of Alzherimer's disease. Therfore, the results of this experiment further suggest that aluminum cause Alzherimer's disease, coinciding with reports that aluminum is a cause of neurofibrilly tangles in the brain.

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) has been reported as multipotent progenitor cells that can be expanded rapidly in vitro and differentiated into multiple mesodermal cell type. Human MSCs have been reported to be associated with neural differentiation especially in the cholinergic phenotype in several neural system. In this study, We investigated the ability of MSCs derived human aipose tissue to differentiation into neural cells expressing Islet-1 and further differentiates into cholinergic neurons in cholinergic differentiation media. Immunocytochemistry was performed to detect the expression of Islet-1 and demonstrate characteristic of neurons and cholinergic neurons. Islet-1 was massively detected in the induction stage. Following cholinergic differentiation from Islet-1-expressing MSCs, Cholinergic neuron marker ChAT was higly expressed. Also we examined the neuroprotective effects and neural differentiation of transplanted human adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells (AT-MSCs) in ischemic stroke. For transplantation, after 3days after MCAO. animal were divided into 2 group: Group A : injected phosphate buffered saline (PBS;5 ㎕ n=10), Group B: transplanted AT-MSCs (5×105 cells, n=10). Each animal received an injection into the right penumbra region (from bregma : AP;－1.3 ㎜, ML;－4.0 ㎜, DV;－5.9 ㎜). In all animals, behavior test were performed at 1, 3, 6, 9, 12, 15 days after MCAO, that was conducted by investigators who were blined to the experimental groups. mNSS test demonstrated that motor, sensory, and balance behavior were impaired after MCAO ischemic insult. Ischemic rats that received AT-MSCs exhibited significantly improved functional performance compared with PBS injected animals and histological analysis revealed that transplanted AT-MSCs expressed marker for neuron. These results suggest that AT-MSCs can be differentiated into neuron especially in cholinergic neuron and may be a potential source of treatment for neurodegenerative disease such as stroke.

인삼, 목과 혼합추출액이 βA로 유도된 AD 병태 모델에 미치는 영향을 관찰한 결과, 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 1. 인삼, 목과 혼합추출액은 AD 병변 뇌조직의 허혈(虛血) 상태를 유의성 있게 개선하였고 허혈(虛血)로 인한 뇌조직 손상을 억제하였다. 2. 인삼, 목과 혼합추출액은 AD 병변 뇌조직의 면역조직화학 염색법으로 Tau 단백질, GFAP 단백질, presenilin 1/presenilin 2 단백질의 발현 억제를 확인하였다. 이상의 결과로 미루어 보아 인삼, 목과 추출액은 AD의 예방과 치료에 사용될 수 있을 것으로 판단되며 정확한 기전에 대한 연구와 AD 치료에 있어서 인삼, 목과 혼합추출액의 임상적 활용에 대한 연구가 향후 지속적으로 이루어져야 할 것으로 사료된다.