공동체정원은 급격한 산업화와 도시화로 상실되었던 공동체성을 회복하기 위한 생활형 녹색복지이며, 기후변화에 대응한 그린인프라의 재생과 국민들의 사회적 요구 증대에 의해 발전하고 있다. 이는 정부차원의 정원 산업과 정원문화, 교육의 다양화와 전문화로 이어지고 있다. 본 연구의 목적은 우리나라의 실정에 맞는 실천적 공동체정원의 유형별 모델정원을 계획 및 조성함으로써 정원조성의 과정을 실증적으로 설명하고 있다. 첫째, 공동체정원의 정의와 효과, 개괄적인 내용, 기본적인 준비과정과 고려사항을 제시한다. 둘째, 모델정원의 조성과 정원별 상세 자료를 제공함으로써 장소 선정부터 참여를 통한 계획부터 설계, 시공과 관리까지의 전 과정을 설명하고자 한다. 본 연구를 통해 국민들이 기존의 정원조성자료와 함께 사회통합형 공동체정원 만들기의 기초자료로 활용하는 데 의의가 있다.

Yesan-gun was selected to receive a “Village Community Garden Project” in 2018 to foster a sense of community and improve the urban landscape by working with neighbors to create a happy living space for residents. Yesan-gun selected Sapti Park, located in Yesan-eup, as the project site. The project was carried out through the design charrette method (an intense period of collaborative creativity) to allow residents to propose and design park concepts themselves for the community garden construction project to ensure that that the park facilities would provide something for everyone to enjoy. This study followed the actual design project that actively introduced the design charrette in planning the community garden, describing the entire design process from planning to construction and revealing how the opinions of residents were projected onto the design drawings. The purpose of the project was to advance user-participation design methods by reviewing the progress of the design charrette process and to examine how storytelling, the act of conveying ideas through a fun and persuasive story, transformed the plans for the community garden.

The purpose of this study is to establish how community garden spaces should be used to restore communities engaged in village-rehabilitation projects. To achieve this purpose, we have analyzed the perceptions of local residents conducting a town-development project. The community reviewed the benefits of having a garden to improve the residents’ quality of life and comfort. Given the role of gardens in revitalizing communities, it is necessary to build spaces where residents can relax and enjoy community life. Those who participated in this study hoped that their community garden would provide shade and relaxation, a children’s play area, green spaces, and places for conversation. The space and facilities provided by community gardens vary, in accordance with the expectations and needs of each community. It is therefore inappropriate to apply uniform garden designs to all community gardens. Between 20% and 25% of a community garden should be allocated to each of the following: community space, ornamental space, and space for relaxation. As plants that provide shade and help to maintain the ecosystem are strongly preferred in community gardens, all plants should be chosen for their environmental benefits and functionality, rather than aesthetics. Residents may be willing to participate in a range of activities, including community events, the cultivation of plants, and garden management. Towns must therefore set up programs to support these activities. It is essential to continue studying and investigating the formation of community spaces and facilities, reflecting the characteristics of each community.

도시 텃밭에서 재배되는 농산물의 대부분은 식탁에 바로 오르는 채소류로 안전성 확보가 요구되나 아직 이에 대한 자료가 없다. 본 연구는 도시 텃밭에서 재배되는 채소류의 생물학적 안전성을 평가하기 위한 기초 자료를 확 보하기 위하여, 2012년 9월부터 10월 사이에 서울시내 11 곳의 도시텃밭에서 채취한 9종 채소류(배추, 상추, 무잎, 시금치, 겨자잎, 쑥갓, 파, 양배추와 치커리) 530 표본을 대상으로 총호기성균(일반세균), 대장균/대장균군, Salmonella spp. Listeria monocytogenes 및 E. coli O157:H7 오염 수준을 정량적으로 혹은 정성적으로 평가하였다. 조사한 농산물에 존재하는 총호기성 세균과 대장균군의 평균 수는 각각 6.3 log CFU/g (범위, 3.8-8.1 log CFU/g) 및 4.3 log CFU/g (범위, 2.1-6.4 log CFU/g) 이었다. 대장균군은 전체 표본의 67%에서 발견되었다. 치커리에서 가장 많은 수의 총호기성 세균과 대장균군이 검출되었고, 부추에서 가장 적은 수의 대장균군 오염을 보였다. 대장균은 전체 채소류의 2.3%에서 발견되었으나, 농산물별로는 상추, 무잎, 갓과 치커리에서 발견되었다. 그렇지만, 조사한 농 산물에서 식중독 유발 세균인 Salmonella spp., L. monocytogenes 및 E. coli O157:H7은 검출되지 않았다. 이상의 결과로 보아, 서울시내 도시텃밭에서 재배되는 채소류에서 식중독 유발 세균은 발견되지 않았으나, 재배 과정중 대장균군 및 대장균의 오염을 줄이기 위한 노력이 요구된다.

Many community gardens in large cities worldwide grow vegetables; however, no information regarding the levels of sanitary indicator bacteria and prevalence of foodborne pathogens in vegetables grown in urban community gardens is available. To evaluate the microbiological quality of vegetables from urban community gardens in Korea, 530 samples (nine types of vegetable, including Chinese cabbage, lettuce, radish leaves, spinach, mustard leaves, crown daisy, leek, Korean cabbage, and chicory) were collected at 11 urban community gardens in Seoul, Korea from September through October 2012. The levels of total aerobic bacteria, Escherichia coli, total coliforms, Salmonella spp. Listeria monocytogenes, and E. coli O157:H7 were evaluated quantitatively and/or qualitatively. The mean numbers of total aerobic bacteria and coliforms were 6.3 log CFU/g (range 3.8-8.1 log CFU/g) and 4.3 log CFU/g (range 2.1-6.4 log CFU/g), respectively. Total coliforms were detected on 67% of whole vegetables. Chicory showed the highest number of total aerobic bacteria and coliforms, whereas the lowest number of coliforms was detected on leeks. E. coli was detected on 2.3% of whole vegetables, including lettuce, radish leaves, mustard leaves, and chicory; however, foodborne pathogenic bacteria were not detected on any of the vegetable samples using this highly sensitive and validated procedure. Based on these findings, the presence of coliforms and E. coli demonstrates that opportunity for improvement of microbiological safety exists throughout the produce production chain, although no major foodborne pathogens were present in vegetables grown in urban community gardens.

최근 공동체 활성화 및 도시경관 향상을 위해 공동체정원을 조성하는 움직임이 활발히 진행되고 있으며 다양한 공모사업이 추진되고 있다. 공동체정원 조성은 지속적으로 증가하고 있으나 조성 방향 및 기능에 관한 연구와 고찰은 미진한 편이다. 이에 따라 본 연구는 공동체정원 조성을 위한 기본방향 설정에 필요한 기초자료를 제시하기 위하여 실시하였다. 연구는 도시민 320명을 대상으로 거주유형에 따라 공동체 정원의 조성방향 및 기대효과, 참여도 등을 조사하였다. 도시민은 공동체정원의 필요성을 높게 인식하고 있으며, 공동주택에 비하여 단독 주택 거주민의 요구도가 높다. 공동체정원의 쾌적성과 심미성 측면의 기능을 중요하게 평가하며 단독주택 거주민은 어린이의 생태체험 제 공의 교육적 효과를 우선하였으나 공동주택 거주민은 녹지공간 확보의 쾌적성과 심리적 안정감을 중요하게 인식한다. 공동체정원의 조성 으로 생활환경개선과 주민의 신체적/정신적 건강 증진을 기대하고 있다. 단독주택에서는 지역 공동체성 향상에 대한 기대도가, 공동주택 에서는 삶의 질 향상에 대한 기대도가 높다. 도시민은 공동체정원 계획, 시공, 유지관리에 참여할 의사가 있으며 특히 공동체정원의 조성 및 유지관리를 위해 연평균 79,000원을 기부할 의사가 있다. 공동체정원의 조성으로 다양한 효과를 기대할 수 있고 필요성 또한 높게 인식 되고 있으나 거주 유형에 따라 조성 방향과 기대효과가 다르기 때문에 입지하는 지역의 특성에 따라 조성 방향과 도입기능이 결정되어야 할 것이다.

During recent decades, considerable amount of attention and resources have been invested to promote community vitalization and develop areas that are suitable for gardening in close proximities to cities. Frequent occurrences and wide-spread public events based on the gardening theme today such as garden show are prominent examples of such social tendencies. However contrarily to popular beliefs, such efforts have been very marginally realized in rural areas, in which tools and natural elements necessary for growing and cultivating plants are already in place. In reality, production-oriented life-style in modern rural society has degraded recreational aspects of living standards of rural habitants. And thus, implementation of the gardening space holds important merit and is a necessity to vitalize community in rural areas. In this work, we performed an extensive survey on rural community resting area garden elements that were previously established since 1990s. In particular, we look into garden elements of whether functionalities of such facilities are adequate to provide suitable gardening spaces. This manuscript consists of two major parts (1) identifying constituent elements for gardens and (2) analysis of garden elements in existing community resting areas for its conversion to a community garden. Ultimately, identifying necessities for gardening and finding proper locales are two of the most important steps in implementation community garden in rural areas. As the result, rural community resting area is proper to community garden because most of them has a good accessibility. But garden elements improvement such as flower bed except for convenience facilities and plants planning for four season garden is needed for improving the resting area.

The objective of the study is to establish principles of space planning required to create community gardens for improving self-support capability of vulnerable groups. The characteristics of community garden users and the purposes of community gardens were considered when setting these principles. The target users are vulnerable groups. In considering the circumstance of the homeless who have difficulties in overcoming physical, mental, social and financial risks, 13 universal design principles were applied: Equitable use, flexibility in use, simple and intuitive use, perceptible information, tolerance for error, low physical effort, size and space for approach and use, self-supporting, aesthetics, economic feasibility, environment friendly, healthiness, and sustainability. As the space planning principles based on the community garden purposes are set to achieve mental, social and financial self-support, healing garden and urban agriculture were combined in the principles. Maximally efficient division of space where various programs are available, privacy-protected space, rest areas for strengthening resilience and health, pleasant and beautiful spaces with plants, easily accessible and safe space, and easy maintenance and sustainability are required factors for community gardens. As the ultimate goal, financial self-support, a space where they can develop acquired skills and then proceed with productive activities was included in the space planning principles. Additionally, ecological aspects such as cycle of materials, efficient energy use and expanded biodiversity were combined and supported by local communities to secure sustainability of the use of space.

The study aims to examine preferences between community residents and visitors in designing a rural community garden. It analyzed diverse aspects of a garden design including garden’s function, location, management subject, components and so on. The survey was conducted on residents or visitors participants with a self-administered survey questionnaire. The results revealed that both residents and visitors highly preferred a rural community garden as a role of relaxation, appreciation, and healing. Meanwhile, there were differences of preference for location and garden components between residents and visitors. The results implicated that residents’ preference and characteristics of a community are essential in designing a rural community garden, which will lead to sustainable garden construction.

본 연구는 노숙인들의 자활증진을 위한 커뮤니티가든 프로그램 시행을 위해 노숙인에 대한 이해와 실태를 정확히 파악하고자 관련 연구동향을 분석하였다. 우리나라 노숙인은 IMF라는 외환위기를 계기로 사회의 관심을 받게 되었으며 경제상황이 좋아지면 사회에 복귀할 것이라는 예상과 달리 노숙인의 수는 줄지 않고 있다. 노숙 인은 일반인에 비해 신체적, 정신적 장애의 유병률이 높은데, 건강 은 자활의지와도 연관이 있어 노숙인의 건강관리는 자활을 위해 매 우 중요하다. 노숙인의 지원 목적은 사회로부터의 격리가 아닌 사 회복귀이며 가장 효과적인 방법은 일자리의 제공과 직업훈련이다. 노숙인에게는 생존권의 보장이라는 측면에서 기초생활유지와 사 회통합을 위한 각종 서비스가 지원되고 있다. 최근 노숙의 근본 원 인을 해결하고자 주거지원 정책이 시행되고 있는 가운데 지원주택 에 지속적인 서비스의 결합이 시도되고 있다. 이와 같은 지원주택에 커뮤티니가든을 도입하는 것은 노숙인들의 자활 증진을 위한 신체 적, 정신적 건강관리와 소통의 공간을 통한 사회성 향상, 직업교육 의 공간 제공 등 종합적인 서비스를 가능하게 할 것으로 기대된다.

The purpose of this study is to identify effect in how urban garden is run by different operators in Korea, and consequently how it determines the level of community formation among urban garden users. Based on this analysis, the study is intended to present some points as to how to better manage urban garden. The operators are divided into three types: public, public-private partnership and private. The study interviewed each operating entity and surveyed garden users to gauge the extent to which communities are developed. After the ANOVA analysis and Scheffe post-hoc analysis, it was found that the levels of community formation among users of public and public-private partnership urban gardens were similar (so can be grouped together), whereas that of private urban garden users was higher (separated as another group). However, this study found no meaningful differences in the level of community formation among all types of urban garden in a local community. Some key suggestions are made as a result. First, as for the public and public-private partnership types of urban garden, it is necessary to foster leaders to build a community. Next, it is worth noting the potential of public-private partnership in realizing community revival through urban garden. The last suggestion is that, generally, the urban garden has only little influence on community formation in a local area so far, thus more practical consideration needs to be given to enhance the role of urban garden in a local community.

Contemporary society gave birth to pollution environment, family collapse, estrangement human-being, and serious disequilibrium. Sustainability and community are core issue of developmental 21st developmental society. As the alternative plan came up needs of the times, community garden is able to make practical application of elevating life quality for residents as well as get various beneficial effect. Community garden was attempted to settlement, failed it in Korea, while made good use from old times in Germany, U.K., and U.S.A. Participation and conversation intrapopulation are a key factor to use, maintain, and preserve. Consequently, This study was performed to develop leader training program that took charge of primary role in activating community garden. Organization which deduce outcome and motivate, as the core competence of leadership, was composed of horticultural information and actual experience to horticulture.

This study was conducted to apply practically community garden program which elevating quality of life through making, using, and keeping of it, that was helped rental housing residents improve life of oneself and environment of village independently. So far, a rental housing for a low-income group was a good way in solving lack of housing, reforming circumstance of house, but it gave rise to problems like breaking neighborship, and deprivation. Community garden program was composed to 16 session divided 1st and 2nd step program during March 29~July 26, 2005. 1st step was responsible for cultivating one's ability through observation plant culture, understanding, rule of the life, 2nd step was growing practical ability helped residents participate in community garden, effective management garden, development profitable business. This program got elevation of participant's self-esteem and life desire.

This study examines the development and management of the Herb Island in Japan, and explores influences of the herb garden on a rural community. The result suggested that the development of a herb garden can make a major impact on a rural community's econmoic stability and growth, and low-input cultivation of herbs serves to the ecosystem and soil conservation. In order to foster the herb industry in Korea, three aspcets should be considered. These are as follows. 1. Selection of suitable kinds of herbs and sites for Korean natural environment,and planning for proper landuse should be carried out first. 2. Proper policies for a herb garden to help local economy should be established. 3. Development of programs and experts on environmental education should be included in planning herb gardens in order to contribute to natural environment preservation.