본 연구는 겨울철 토마토 펄라이트경에서 야간 근권온도를 10℃, 15℃, 20℃, 25℃ 및 대구조로 설정하여 생육과 근활력 및 양분의 흡수 특성을 조사코자 수행하였다. 터널 피복내 온도는 근권온도가 높을수록 다소 증가하였으나 대구조에 비해 3℃ 이상 증가되지 않았다. 초장, 엽장, 엽폭 등의 생육은 20℃ 처리구에서 가장 좋았다. 경엽의 생체중 및 건물중은 20℃ 처리구에서 가장 높았으나, 뿌리의 생체중 및 건물중은 대조구에서 가장 낮았다. 근활력은 제 1화방 개화기에는 근권온도가 높을수록 증가하는 경향이었으나, 과실 수확기에는 20℃ 처리구가 가장 높았고 15℃, 25℃, 10℃ 및 대조구 순으로 높았다. 칼륨 함량은 경엽과 뿌리 모두 근권온도가 높을수록 많았으나, 질소와 마그네슘 함량은 처리간에 차이가 없었다. 인산과 칼슘 함량은 경엽에서는 근권온도가 높을수록 증가하였으나, 뿌리에서는 감소하는 경향을 나타냈다. 주당 착과수와 평균과중은 온도가 높을수록 많고 무거운 경향이었으나 25℃ 처리구에서는 15℃ 또는 20℃ 처리구에서보다 적고 가벼웠다. 이러한 결과로 10a당 수량은 20℃ 처리구가 6.960 kg으로 가장 많았으며 15℃, 25℃, 10℃, 대조구 순으로 많았다. 20℃ 처리구보다 낮은 온도에서의 수량감소는 기형과의 발생의 많은 것에, 그리고 25℃ 처리구에서의 수량감소는 착과수가 적은 것에 기인되었다.

Background : The licorice (Glycyrrhiza uralensis) is one of the Mongolian traditional useful medicinal plants. The roots and rhizomes are rich in triterpenoids, flavonoids and glycosides. It is have been employed clinically for their antiinflammatory, antiulcer, antimicrobial and anxiolytic activities. In this study, we was undertaken to explore the phytochemical screening, antioxidant activity and total flavonoid content of G.uralensis. Methods and Results : In vitro culture related greenhouse, field growing G. uralensis and the wild type roots were dried in shade and grind in mechanical grinder. 1 g of powdered roots were extracted in 25 ㎖ of methanol with concentration of 40 ㎎/㎖. The antioxidant activity and total flavonoid contents were investigated by 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryldydrazyl (DPPH) radical-scavenging assay and aluminium trichloride method, respectively. The production of glycyrrhizic acid determined by thin layer chromatography. In the phytochemical screening showed presence of secondary metabolites flavonoids, saponins, alkaloids, terpenoids and tannin. The extract possessed potent antioxidant activity having IC50 value 2,000 ㎍/㎖ (59.97 ± 2.55) in wild type and 1,000 ㎍/㎖ (68.73 ± 3.99) in greenhouse samples. Field grown G.uralensis roots extract gave highest total flavonoid content with 30.21% compared with wild type and greenhouse grown samples (16.71% and 10.71%). Conclusion : Based on the results of investigations, G. uralensis is a potent source of novel bioactive compounds. Further investigations regarding more biological activities by high sensitive techniques such as HPLC and GC-MS need to be conducted.

Background : Recently, wild ginseng cultured ginseng cultured in a bioreactor is mass produced using biotechnological tissue culture technology. PgTRx1 gene which is involved in the production of useful substances in fermented wild ginseng cultured root was selected and introduced into a model plant (Nicotiana benthamiana) to investigate transformation useful gene expression and possible production of useful substances. Methods and Results : The PgTRx1 gene was amplified and isolated from fermented wild ginseng cultured root. Isolated PgTRx1 gene was ligated to the plant expression vector pMBP1. Overexpression genes were recombined and cloned into E. coli. Agrobacterium tumefaciens LBA4404 was transformed, cultured A. tumefaciens LBA4404 was agro-infiltrated into a model plant for transient assay. Agro-infiltration model plants were sampled on days 0, 1, 2, and 3, and cDNA synthesis was performed after total RNA extraction. The expression level of PgTRx1 gene increased with time, and NbNR, NbHSR, NbAPx, NbSIP, NbPAL, NbPR1a and NbNOA1 genes showed a decrease in the expression level. The samples were taken to determine antioxidant activity, acetylcholine hydrolase inhibitory activity and glutamate content at 0 h, 12 h, 14 h, and 36 h. The highest antioxidant activity was observed at 24 h of sample, acetylcholine hydrolase inhibitory activity at 12 h, and glutamate at 36 h. Conclusion : The possibility of introducing the model plant of the PgTRx1 gene derived from fermented wild ginseng cultured root was confirmed. The results showed that various activities were increased with time of agro-infiltration.

This study was performed to enhance contents of low molecular weight ginsenoside Rh2 and Rg3 using an ultra high pressure and steaming process in wild cultured-Root in wild ginseng. For selective increase in contents of Rg3 and Rh2 in cultured wild ginseng roots, an ultra high extraction was applied at 500MPa for 20 min which was followed by steaming process at 90℃ for 12 hr. It was revealed that contents of ginsenosides, Rb1, Rb2, Rc and Rd, were decreased with the complex process described above, whereas contents of ginsenoside Rh2 and Rg3 were increased up to 4.918 mg/g and 6.115 mg/g, respectively. In addition, concentration of benzo[α]pyrene in extracts of the cultured wild ginseng roots treated by the complex process was 0.64 ppm but it was 0.78 ppm when it was treated with the steaming process. From the results, it was strongly suggested that low molecular weight ginsenosides, Rh2 and Rg3, are converted from Rb1, Rb2, Rc, and Rd which are easily broken down by an ultra high pressure and steaming process. This results indicate that an ultra high pressure and steaming process can selectively increase in contents of Rg3 and Rh2 in cultured wild ginseng roots and this process might enhance the utilization and values of cultured wild ginseng roots.

Paeoniae radix has been widely used for its anti-allergic, anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects, and demonstrated to have anticonvulsant, memory enhancing and anxiolytic activities. The present study was performed to examine the protective effect of methanol extract of Paeoniae radix (PR) from Paeoniae Japonica Miyabe et Takeda (Paeoniaceae) on hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-induced neurotoxicity using cultured rat cerebral cortical neuron. H2O2 produced a concentration-dependent reduction of neuronal viability, PR, over a concentration range of 10 to 100 μg/ml showed concentration-dependent decrease of the H2O2(100 μM)-induced neuronal cell death, as assessed by a 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5-di-phenyl-tetrazolium bromide assay and the number of apoptotic nuclei, evidenced by Hoechst 33342 staining. PR (100 μg/ml inhibited 100 μM H2O2-induced elevation of the cytosolic Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]c), which was measured by a fluorescent dye, flue-4 AM. PR (50 μg/ml inhibited glutamate release into medium induced by 100 μM H2O2, which was measured by HPLC, and generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). These results suggest that PR may mitigate the H2O2-induced neurotoxiciy by interfering with the increase of [Ca2+]c, and then inhibiting glutamate release and generation of ROS in cultured neurons.

Sanguisorbae radix (SR) from Sanguisorba officinalis L. (Losaceae) is widely used in Korea and China due to its various pharmacological activity. The present study aims to investigate the effect of the methanol extract of SR on amyloid β Protein(25-35) (Aβ (25-35)), a synthetic 25-35 amyloid peptide, -induced neurotoxicity using cultured rat cortical neurons. SR, over a concentration range of 10-50 μg/ml, inhibited the Aβ (25-35) (10 μM)-induced neuronal cell death, as assessed by a 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazole-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyl-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay and the number of apoptotic nuclei, evidenced by Hoechst 33342 staining. Pretreatment of SR (50 μg/ml) inhibited 10 μM Aβ (25-35)-induced elevation of cytosolic calcium concentration ([Ca2+]c), which was measured by a fluorescent dye, fluo-4 AM. SR (10 and 50 μg/ml) inhibited glutamate release into medium induced by 10 μM Aβ(25-35), which was measured by HPLC, and generation of reactive oxygen species. These results suggest that SR prevents Aβ (25-35)-induced neuronal cell damage in vitro.

화성억제재배한 참당귀(Angelica gigas Nakai)의 근에서 약효성분함량을 구명하기 위하여 주요약효성분인 조추출물(엑스), Decursin 및 Decursinol angelate 등을 정량분석하여 연근ㆍ부위 및 생육단계별로 비료하였고, 또한 추대와 개화에 따른 근의 본질화 진행특성을 조사하기 위하여 목질 화세포, 중심주의 무게와 반경 및 피층부의 무게와 두께에 대하여 조사하였던 바 얻어진 일련의 겨과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 년근에 따라 엑스함량은 1, 2, 3년근이 모두 50% 내외로 큰 차이가 없었으나 Decursin과 Decursinol angelate 함량은 각각 8.20%와 5.01%로서 3년근이 가장 높은 함량을 보였다. 2. 근의 부위별 약효성분함량은 세근이 가장 많았고, 다음은 기근, 주근순으로 적어졌으며, 함량은 피층부가 중심계보다 엑스, Decursin, Decursinol angelate 모두 월등히 많았다. 또한 수확시기가 늦어질수록 약효성분함량이 증가하였다. 3. 생육단계가 진행됨에 따라 약효성분함량은 감소하였고, 목질화세포가 중심계의 무게와 반년이 증가하는 반면에 피층부의 무게와 두게는 상대적으로 감소하였다.