우리나라에서는 최근 아동 돌봄서비스에 대한 사회적 요구에 따라 다양한 서비스의 확대를 통해 사각지대를 해소하고자 노력해 왔지만, 공간적 관점은 부족하였다. 이 연구의 주된 목적은 아동의 생애주기를 고려하여 돌봄서비스들의 공간적 접근성을 종합적으로 분석함으로써 돌봄 사막과 같은 사각지대의 공간적 패턴을 탐색하는 것이다. 이를 위해 먼저 아동 돌봄서비스의 공간적 접근성에 대한 이론적 논의와 선행연구를 검토하였다. 이어 2SFCA를 이용해 생애주기에 따른 돌봄서비스의 공간적 접근성을 측정하고, 이를 종합해 돌봄서비스의 사각지대를 파악하기 위한 방법을 제시하였다. 경상북도의 시군을 사례로 분석한 주요 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 돌봄 사각지대는 크게 거리와 공급의 부족으로 구분될 수 있으며, 두 경우 모두 중학생 돌봄시설 에 대하여 가장 접근성이 취약한 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 모든 시기에 있어서 도시지역이 농촌지역보다 접근성이 우수하였고, 읍･면 지역의 돌봄의 사각지대가 두드러졌다. 셋째, 접근성이 취약한 지역, 이른바 돌봄 사막은 영유아 시설에서 중학생시설에 이르기까지 공간적으로 유사한 패턴을 보였다. 생애주기를 고려하여 아동 돌봄서비스의 사각지대가 공간적 패턴을 이루고 있음을 파악한 본 연구의 결과는 향후 돌봄서비스 제공에 있어 중요한 정책적 시사점을 제공한다.

PURPOSES : The study aims to establish a comprehensive life cycle assessment model for bridges in South Korea considering domestic carbon emission factors. The main aims are to evaluate the carbon emission of bridge construction, focusing on the Seong-ri Bridge as a case study, and to improve national environmental policies and management strategies. METHODS : We utilized the life cycle assessment (LCA) methodology, adhering to standards set by ISO, to categorize each phase of the bridge's life cycle. The process involved selecting the bridge type based on the compilation of a detailed analysis range. The analysis covered various stages from raw material supply (A1-A3) to construction (A4-A5) and maintenance (B2-B5), excluding certain stages due to data unavailability. Carbon emission factors were then applied to quantify emissions at each stage. RESULTS : The findings indicate that the raw material production phase (A1-A3) contributes to approximately 96% of the total carbon emissions, highlighting its significant impact. We report detailed calculations of emissions using domestically developed emission factors for materials such as steel and concrete and establish a carbon emission per unit length measure for comparative analysis with other infrastructure. CONCLUSIONS : We leveraged LCA ISO standards to analyze each stage of the Seong-ri bridge, calculating its carbon emissions based on domestic factors for CO2, CH4, and N2O. By tailoring the study to Korea-specific emission factors, we develop a greenhouse gas model closely aligned with the nation’s environmental conditions. The results contribute to improving environmental impact assessments and strategically aiding national policy and management decisions.

본 연구는 소량 다품종의 화학물질을 다루는 연구실의 안전관리를 강화하기 위해 전과정관리 체계 알고리즘을 제안하는데 그 목적이 있다. 이를 위해 최근 10년간의 연구실 사고 사례, 관련 법규, 선행 연구 및 FGI (Focus Group Interview) 연구실 현황 분석을 통해 요구사항을 도출하고 전과정 관리체계를 개발하였으며, 이를 기반으로 전과정관리체계 알고리즘을 설계, 개발하여 연구실에 적용 및 검증하였다. 연구실 화학물질 사고 예방을 위한 안전관리는 우선 연구실 내 화학물질의 종류와 양을 정확히 파악하는 것부터 시작해야 한다. 이를 위해 화학물질관리의 전 과정을 단계별로 나누어 관리체계를 수립하고, 각 단계에서 활용되는 물질 정보, 법규 정보, 화학물질 성상별 분리 정보를 다루는 데이터베이스 항목 추출 및 알고리즘 개발 방안을 제시하였다. 본 알고리즘을 세 개의 기관에서 적용한 결과, 사고 예방 및 법규 준수 측면에서 높은 효과를 보인 것으로 평가되었으나 사고 발생률에 미치는 유의한 영향에 대해 알기 위해서는 더 많은 적용 연구가 필요하다. 본 연구에서 개발한 전과정관리체계 알고리즘의 활용은 실험실 안전과 사회적 안전을 도모하는 동시에 기업의 ESG 경영의 중요한 요소 중 하나인 기업활동의 리스크 관리와 책임경영에 도움이 될 것으로 기대한다.

PURPOSES : This study is aimed to economic analysis of the ferronickel slag pavement method carried out to suggest the necessity of developing ferronickel slag pavement technology. METHODS : A life cycle cost analysis of the application of the Ferronickel Slag pavement method and the cutting + overlay pavement method was performed to compare the economic indicators and greenhouse gas emissions for each pavement method. RESULTS : As a result of the analysis, regardless of the Ferronickel Slag mixing rate, if the common performance of the Ferronickel Slag pavement method is the same or superior to the existing pavement method, it is more economical than the existing pavement method. Furthermore, the lower the maintenance cost of the Ferronickel Slag pavement method, the higher the economic feasibility due to the high Ferronickel Slag mixing rate. Greenhouse gas emissions can be reduced from at least 9% to up to 53% through the application of the Ferronickel Slag pavement method, except for some scenario analysis results. CONCLUSIONS : This study provided that the Ferronickel Slag pavement method was superior to the existing pavement method in terms of economic and environmental aspects. Therefore, it was found that the objective justification of developing road pavement technology using Ferronickel Slag was secured.

This study examines the persistent decline of the motorcycle industry despite governmental interventions, using the perspective of path dependency. Drawing from W. B. Arthur's concept of 'Lock-in by insignificant historical events', the research delves into the lock-in phenomena within the industry's life cycle. We identified path dependency lock-in categories: contingency, historicity, and technological lock-in. The industry's licensing production method during its embryonic phase led to limited technological capabilities, establishing a technological path dependency. During the currency crisis and in alignment with China's open-door policy, the industry chose to import cheaper components, opting for economies of scale over technological innovation, intensifying the lock-in. Furthermore, the classification of motorcycle as a free industry before the currency crisis resulted in a lack of governmental support. This neglect has continued, with even modern electric motorcycle facing regulation. In conclusion, to overcome this entrenched path dependency and lock-in, significant governmental policy restructuring is essential.

In the context of the 4th Industrial Revolution, the rise of electric vehicles and personal mobility is evident. However, regulatory authorities seem to overlook vast opportunities, placing two-wheelers in a deregulated category and focusing mainly on regulations. This paper addresses a notable trend in e-mobility, emphasizing aspects often overlooked in traditional motorcycle regulatory research. Using the industrial life cycle theory as a basis, we identify challenges that have affected traditional combustion-engine two-wheelers and offer insights to navigate similar obstacles in the future. Consequently, the domestic two-wheeler market experienced a brief surge but lacked sustainable growth prospects. However, considering Japan's success in establishing global standards and design dominance in the two-wheeler industry despite its late entry, there appears to be potential for a rebound in the domestic market.

본 연구는 유럽 음악의 영향을 크게 받은 영국 예술가곡의 역사적 흐름과 발전을 정리하고 이를 바탕으로 영국 작곡가들 을 특정된 20세기에는 작곡한 예술가곡에서 나타난 고유한 문 화적, 음악적 특징, 내면적 감정 그리고 시적 운율 등을 제시하 고자 한다. 이러한 연구 목적을 달성하기 위해 먼저, 영국 가곡 의 역사적인 흐름을 다섯 개 시기로 나누어 정리하여 설명하였 다. 20세기 영국 유명한 작곡가들은 자기 나라의 시인을 선호 하는 배경으로 인해 음악을 시와 연결하여 작곡하는 사실을 제 시하고 당시 예술가곡의 일반적인 특징을 파악하는 동시에 연 가곡 <A Cycle of Life>을 예로 들어 20세기 영국 예술가곡에 나타난 선율, 조성 등 음악적 특징을 구체적으로 파악하였다. 마지막으로 이를 통해, 20세기 영국 예술가곡의 특징을 조합적 으로 정리하였다. 이로 도출된 결과는 연가곡 <A Cycle of Life>를 연주하고 표현하는 데에 유용한 참고자료로 된 것으로 판단된다. 음악연구자 또는 성악연주자로서, 20세기 영국 예술 가곡에 관한 이해를 넓히며, 이를 비롯한 다른 20세기 영국 예 술가곡을 연구하는 데에 도움 되길 바란다.

In Korea, additional regulatory requirements are increasing due to the full-scale decommissioning of nuclear power plants following the permanent shutdown of Kori Unit 1 and Wolseong Unit 1. Accordingly, it is necessary to preemptively expand the scope of physical protection regulations from design, construction, and operation stage to back-end nuclear fuel cycle such as cessation of operation and decommissioning. According to Article 2, Paragraph 24 of the Nuclear Safety Act, the decommissioning of nuclear facilities is defined as all activities to exclude them from the application of the Nuclear Safety Act by permanently suspending the operation of nuclear facilities, demolishing the facilities and sites, or removing radioactive contamination. In other words, it refers to a series of technologies or activities to safely and efficiently dismantle nuclear power plant and remove radioactive contamination and restore them to their original state after permanently shut down of nuclear power plant. Security changes during decommissioning and decontamination since removing fuel from the reactor alters the plant’s safety status, some of the systems or components considered as vital equipment during plant operation will no longer be needed. The vital areas may be reduced as fewer buildings, equipment and systems need to be protected, which means access controls, surveillance and so on can be reduced. And also, decommissioning will probably require more workers than operation would, although this might not be the case at all times. From a security point of view, this might require more personnel or additional access points. Changing operating require changed security measures, to ensure that the required security level will be maintained while at the same time work proceeds efficiently. Once all of the fuel is removed from the plant, radiological release risk is much lower. The lower risk requires a lower level of security measures. Even during the removal of nuclear material and contaminated equipment from nuclear facilities, lower level of security measures should meet regulatory requirements based on a graded approach. Therefore, this study intends to examine the responsibilities and obligations of regulatory authorities, regulator, and nuclear operators in terms of protection after permanent shutdown and decommissioning.

Recently, the construction of tall buildings utilized by high strength-concrete in the whole world is tending to be on the rise. The application of high-rise structural system in buildings results in the excellent cut-down effect in construction materials due to section reduction. Therefore, in order to investigate the CO2 and resource reduction effect for the high-rise structural system, comparisons of GWP and ADP in embodied energy of structural materlais between 4 type of high-rise structural system have been performed. As a result, GWP emission increased in the order of steel structure outrigger system, RC shear wall system, and RC outrigger system. On the other hand, ADP emissions increased in the order of RC shear wall system, RC outrigger system, and steel structure outrigger system.

PURPOSES : In this study, emissions from asphalt mixture production and construction processes are calculated and used to estimate the emission from each asphalt pavement layer. The calculated emissions for the processes are used as fundamental data to estimate the total emission from the entire life cycle of pavement engineering in South Korea. METHODS : A design proposal and the Korean standard, which provide quantitative information for activities, were used to estimate the amount of construction materials and energy consumption. Subsequently, the LCI DB from NAPA and the LCIA DB from EPA were utilized in conjunction with the estimated quantity to assess the effect of the emissions to determine their environmental impact categories. RESULTS : Calculation results show that 5.84 million ton of CO2eq is discharged from production and construction processes, whereas 3.24 million ton of CO2eq is discharged from operation processes in the pavement engineering sector. The total GHG emission, i.e., 9.08 million ton of CO2eq, is approximately 1.25% of the national GHG emission in 2018. The asphalt mixture production process results in the highest GHG emission in the life cycle of asphalt pavements. CONCLUSIONS : An LCI DB that accounts for the industrial characteristics of South Korea must be established to provide more reliable emission data to be used for national GHG reduction plans, including those for the pavement engineering sector.

Most of automobile steering parts are manufactured through the multi-stage cold forging process using round-bar drawn materials. The same process is applied to the ball stud parts of the outer ball joint, and various research activities are being carried out to reduce the extreme manufacturing cost in order to survive in the limitless competition. In this paper, we present a quantitative prediction method for the limiting life of the die as a method for cost reduction in the multi-stage cold forging process. The load on the die was minimized by distributing the forming load based on process optimization through finite element analysis. In addition, based on the quantitative prediction algorithm of the limiting life of the die, the application of the split die and the optimization of the phosphate treatment of the material surface are presented as a conclusion as a method to improve the limiting life of the die.

농림축산검역본부는 해외해충 연구를 위해 밀폐능력을 갖춘 검역해충실험동을 구축하였다. 연구실험실로써 검역해충실험동의 적합성을 확인하기 위해 파밤나방을 이용하여 해충사육, 연구, 밀폐기능을 검증하였다. 해충사육 기능검증에서 한 세대의 파밤나방 완성에 필요한 온도별 생활사는 25°C에서 32.2일이 소요되었으며, 알 부화율은 80%, 유충 용화율은 86.6%, 번데기 우화율은 90%로 조사되었다. 연구기능 검증에서 살포법과 침지법을 이용하여 2종의 살충제(풀룩사메타마이드와 히드라메칠론)에 대한 고도의 유충 감수성을 확인하였다. 밀폐기능 검증에서는 겨울 동안 수행된 검역해충실험동의 유출시험에서 외부에 설치된 성페로몬 트랩에 파밤나방 수컷성충이 포획되지 않아 성충 유출은 없었다. 본 연구결과를 바탕으로 해외해충에 대한 다양한 연구가 검역해충실험동에서 가능할 것으로 판단된다.

이 논문에서는 인간의 삶에 관한 예이츠의 비전을 살펴본다. 인간의 삶은 과거에서 현재로, 그리고 미래로 시간을 이어주는 가교 역할을 한다. 예이츠에 따 르면, 과거는 보고 들은 것, 현재는 이미지, 그리고 미래는 영혼의 시간대이며 존재의 합일화가 이루어지는 시간대이기도 하다. 여기까지 보면 예이츠는 인간의 삶 자체에는 의미를 두지 않는 것처럼 보인다. 하지만 선택을 통해 영혼의 자유로운 시간은 다시 보고 들을 준비를 한다. 이렇게 인간의 삶은 과거와 현재를 미래로 연결해 나아가면서 세상을 구성해간다. 즉, 인간의 삶은 커다란 의미를 갖는다.