본 연구에서는 감국 꽃 추출물의 항산화 및 항염활성을 검색하고 유효성분을 분리하여 화학구조를 규명하였다. 감국 꽃 에탄올 추출물의 DPPH 및 ABTS+ 라디칼 소거 활성을 측정한 결과 우수한 라디칼 소거 활성이 있음을 확인하였다. 또한 LPS로 유도된 RAW264.7 대식세포에서 세포독성 없이 우수한 nitric oxide (NO) 저해 활성을 나타내었다. 감국 꽃 에탄올 추출물의 유효성분을 찾고자 medium pressure liquid chromatography (MPLC)를 실시하여 2개의 화합물을 분리하였으며 1H 및 13C NMR 데이터 분석 및 문헌 비교를 통하여 화학구조를 동정하였다; Cynaroside (1), Apigetrin (2). 분리된 화합물을 HPLC를 통하여 정량분석을 수행하였으며 감국 꽃 추출물의 주요 성분으로 확인되었다. 화합물 1, 2의 항염활성을 확인한 결과 모두 농도의존적으로 우수한 NO 저해활성을 나타내었다. 이러한 연구 결과를 바탕으로 감국 꽃 추출물은 천연 항산화 및 항염 소재로써 활용 가능할 것으로 사료된다.

감국(Dendranthema indicum)의 환경조건에 따른 개화기의 초장, 개화소요일수, 카로티노이드 함량 및 peroxidase 활성을 고랭지(대관령, 표고 800m)와 평난 지(강릉, 표고 20m)의 노지와 온실에서 각각 비교하여 원예화 개발 가능성을 검토하였다. 환경조건에 따른 광 량은 고랭지 노지 > 평난지 노지 > 고랭지 온실 > 평난지 온실 순으로 감소하였다. 고랭지의 노지에서는 UV A와 UV B의 세기가 22.4, 3.02W·m-2로 평난지 노지의 19.9, 2.24W·m-2보다 각각 12.6, 34.8% 더 강했다. 감국의 초장은 평난지의 온실조건에서 가장 컸 으나 개화는 고랭지의 노지에서 가장 빨랐다. 감국 꽃 의 주요 색소인 카로티노이드는 고랭지의 온실에서 60.9OD·g-1으로 가장 많았다. 그러나 peroxidase 활성 은 평난지의 온실에서 자란 식물체에서 5.72unit·mg-1 protein 가장 높았다.

Background : Matricaria recutita and Dendranthema indicum are known to have effects such as antioxidant and antihypertensive effects, and they are used as processed food materials. Therefore, it is necessary to examine the possibilities as a natural material for cosmetics. This study was carried out to analyze the volatile flavor components of flowers during cultivation in order to examine the possibility of cosmetics using M. recutita and D. indicum. Methods and Results : This experiment was carried out from April to October, 2017 at Unbong-eup (500 m above sea level) in Namwon, Jeollabuk-do. M. recutita and D. indicum were planted in late May. Then, flowers were collected in October and volatile flavor components were analyzed by Solid Phase Micro Extraction (SPME) method. Samples of flowers for component analysis were weighed in 0.4 g each and placed in a 20 ㎖ vial. GC/MS was used with Agilent Technologies 7890A/5975C (Agilent, USA). Column and carrier gas were DB-5MS (30 m × 0.25 ㎜ × 0.25 ㎛) and helium gas, respectively. As a result of the analysis of M. recutita flowers, we identified a total of 24 components. The major flavor components were mono terpenes and ketones. The main compounds were β-ocimene (24.08%), artemisia ketone (22.82%), γ-terpinene (16.65%), cis-3-hexenyl isovalerate (3.92%), artemisiatriene (3.72%) and O-cymene (3.44%). As a result of analyzing the composition of D. indicum flower, we identified 33 kinds of ingredients. The major flavor components were monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes. The main compounds were sabinene (19.67%), trans-oiperitol (13.22%), α-phellandrene (10.05%), myrcene (7.53%), cineole (4.36%), α-terpinene (3.60%) and trans-ocimene (3.57%). Conclusion : We identified 24 flavor components and 33 flavor components in flower of M. recutita and D. indicum, respectively. Eight of the identified or estimated compounds were common to both samples. The reason why the flavor components kinds of M. recutita flowers were few was thought to be due to the influence of collection time. The main flowering period of M. recutita and D. indicum were May and October, respectively, but the use of the samples collected in October seemed to have influenced.

This study compared the differences between the Dendranthema boreale and Dendranthema indicum in their habitat, soil adaptability, species composition and community structure in Korea. More D. boreale distributed than D. indicum to in the place where high elevation and on the surface of low degree slope. Both D. boreale and D. indicum growed well in south-east direction of the slope. The soil pH of D. boreale and D. indicum was 6.1 and 7.1, respectively. Ca, Mg, Na and organic matter content of the soil of D. boreale habitat was significantly lower than that of the D. indicum habitat. There were 102 and 88 taxa, in D. boreale and D. indicum habitat, respectively. Both species generally distributed along with herbs than along with trees. The important species found in D. boreale habitat were Artemisia princeps (57.1%) and Humulus japonicus (33.3%), and the D. indicum habitat were Miscanthus sinensis (42.9%) and Lonicera japonica (38.1%). The D. boreale group was classified into Artemisia princeps, Crepidiastrum denticulatum, Miscanthus sinensis, Humulus japonicus, Pueraria lobata, Lespedeza bicolor, Lonicera japonica and Rubus crataegifolius community. The D. indicum group was classified into Artemisia capillaris, Peucedanum japonicum, Boehmeria pannosa, Pinus thunbergii, Lonicera japonica, Quercus acutissima and Robinia pseudoacacia community. There is a large difference bewteen D. boreale and D. indicum in their habitat, soil adaptability, species composition and community structure.