재래흑염소는 다른 품종과의 유연관계, 기원 분석, 외래교잡염소와의 유전적 구조 및 평가 같은 유전학적 연구는 현재 부족한 실정이므로 본 연구는 재래흑염소와 외래교잡염소의 유전적 구조 및 혼합 양상 분석을 위해 실시하였다. 11개의 Microsatellite (MS) marker를 활용하여 재래흑염소 261두, 외래교잡염소 94두의 대립유전자형을 분석하였으며, 이를 통해 기초통계량 및 유전적 구조 및 혼합 양상 분석을 수행하였다. 그 결과 연구에 활용된 marker의 유전적 다양성 기초통계량 결과 재래흑염소의 observed heterozygosity, polymorphism information content (PIC) 수치가 각각 0.388 ~ 0.772, 0.362 ~ 0.754이며, 외래교잡염소 집단의 observed heterozygosity, PIC 수치는 각각 0.553 ~ 0.840, 0.664 ~ 0.915로 확인되어, 유전적 다양성 분석을 수행하기에 충분한 수치를 나타내었다. 또한, 재래흑염소 주요 대립유전자형 빈도와 외래교잡염소의 주요 대립유전자형 빈도를 비교하였을 때, marker별 대립유전자형의 빈도 분포에서 뚜렷한 차이를 보여, 두 집단 간, 재래흑염소 계통 간 대립유전자형 의 빈도 분포로 인한 유전적 구조의 차이를 확인하였다. 그리고 STRUCTURE 결과, K = 2가 최적의 K로 계산되었으며, 재래흑염소와 외래교잡염소 간의 유전적 혼합은 존재하지 않는 것으로 판단되었다. 따라서 본 연구 결과는 재래흑염소의 고유성을 제시할 수 있는 과학적 근거자료이며, 재래흑염 소 계통 간의 식별을 위한 기초 자료로 활용 가능할 것이다.

Environmental DNA (eDNA) has emerged as a promising tool for aquatic biodiversity monitoring, yet its collection in lentic ecosystems remains technically constrained by filtration capacity and field logistics. In this study, we applied a novel eDNA concentration system, QuickConcTM, to evaluate freshwater mussel diversity in lakes, and compared its performance with the conventional GF/F filtration method. Water samples were collected from four reservoirs at surface, mid, bottom, and waterside layers, and processed using both filtration techniques. Metabarcoding of mitochondrial 16S rDNA revealed that QuickConcTM captured a higher average number of amplicon sequence variants (ASVs) and exhibited greater species richness and diversity indices (Shannon and Simpson), although the differences were not statistically significant. QuickConcTM samples showed a greater capacity to detect rare taxa and to recover higher ASV richness in certain cases, suggesting its potential to enhance biodiversity resolution. Species composition remained consistent across methods, with Cristaria plicata and Sinanodonta lauta being dominant in both cases. However, slight spatial variations in species assemblages were observed between center and waterside sampling points, highlighting the influence of habitat heterogeneity on eDNA distribution. Overall, our results demonstrate that the QuickConcTM system offers a practical and efficient alternative to traditional filtration methods for eDNA-based freshwater mussel monitoring, particularly in environments with high suspended solids. The findings underline the need for adaptive sampling strategies that consider both methodological and ecological factors when designing eDNA surveys in lentic ecosystems.

The long-tailed goral (Naemorhedus caudatus) is classified as an endangered species in South Korea due to population declines driven by human development and habitat fragmentation. This study aimed to investigate genetic characteristics and microsatellite genotypes in long-tailed goral populations using fecal samples collected from Uljin and Samcheok regions, which are geographically important habitats for the distribution and dispersal of this species in South Korea. The mean expected heterozygosity (HE) and observed heterozygosity (HO) across 10 microsatellite loci were 0.600 and 0.461 for the Uljin population and 0.644 and 0.571 for the Samcheok population, respectively. These values indicate a moderate level of genetic diversity compared to other closely related species. Genetic differentiation between the two populations had a low level, while a moderate gene flow was observed. The genetic evidence obtained in this study suggests that these two populations share a similar genetic pool, resulting in a low level of genetic differentiation between them. Therefore, they should be considered as one continuous population. Results of this study provide fundamental data and valuable genetic insights for long-term management of the long-tailed goral population in Uljin and Samcheok regions.

Tricholoma matsutake is a commercially valuable fungus that produces gourmet mushrooms. The artificial cultivation method that is currently used to produce fruiting bodies involves the transplantation of pine trees infected with T. matsutake from their natural habitats and the successful infection of young pine trees and mushroom production have been reported in Hongcheon. In this study, T. matsutake genetic diversity and relationships in this region were investigated. A genotype analysis was conducted on 25 fruiting bodies collected from an area approximately 2.56 km2 in size using 10 simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers. The analysis revealed 25 genotypes and 23 alleles with mean observed (HO) and expected (HE) heterozygosities of 0.312 and 0.293, respectively. The average polymorphism information content (PIC), which indicates marker polymorphism, was 0.257. A phylogenetic analysis showed no clear correlation between collection location and genetic distance; a spatial autocorrelation analysis indicated no significant genetic structure within 1600 m; and the Mantel test showed no significant correlation between genetic and geographic distances. These results were consistent with previous reports on Japanese populations. This study provides insights into the genetic diversity and structure of T. matsutake at a local scale and highlights the need for further studies across broader geographical ranges.

The large copper butterfly Lycaena dispar (Haworth, 1803; Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae) has been categorized as a near-threatened species (NT) in South Korea from 2012 mainly due to limited distribution. In this study, we visited 36 sites spread across all South Korean provinces to verify the distributional range of the species and sequenced mitochondrial COI for 53 individuals from nine sites. We observed L. dispar at 15 sites in six provinces, including the two previously known provinces, indicating a southward range expansion. The in-field monitoring and genetic data collectively suggested that L. dispar does not have a limited distribution nor is it isolated, indicating that it should be reclassified as less vulnerable. Our study demonstrates that the combination of field and genetic data can provide a more reliable assessment of the stability of a species.

Ramulus mikado (Rehn, 1904) is an environmentally problematic species that has recently caused a severe outbreak on the mountainsides of the Seoul metropolitan area, resulting in significant damage to forests and causing inconvenience to people in the city centre vicinity. In this investigation, we analysed the genetic diversity through sampling in the outbreak region. The outcomes confirmed the efficiency of COI for species identification and the usefulness of haplotype analysis in examining regional variation.

Cucurbita is one of the crops with high demand in the world. Securing breeding sources is crucial and fundamental to any plant breeding program. This study was conducted to investigate the characterization of phenotypic traits and phylogenetic classification of germplasm provided by the National Agrobiodiversity Center of RDA. Fourteen phenotypic traits were measured in 199 accessions of Cucurbita germplasm. Among these germplasm, 92 accessions of C. moschata, 34 accessions of C. maxima, and 73 accessions of C. pepo were classified using the KASP marker from the Seed Industry Center. It was confirmed that there were five classifications in C. moschata, five in C. maxima and four in the C. pepo. The results of this study provide fundamental data on Cucurbita germplasm and are expected to be useful in breeding programs.

백한우는 한우에서 유래되었으며, 모색과 망막에 색소가 전혀 없는 전형적인 알비노 증상을 보인다. 본 연구는 mtDNA D-loop 영역 전체 서열에 기초하여 백한우의 모계유전특성을 분석하기 위해 수행하였다. 백한우에서 특이적으로 나타나는 TYR 유전자 exon 2 영역의 염기변이를 PCR-RFLP 분석을 통해 확인하였다. 이 결과를 통해서 본 연구에서 공시한 32두 모두 백한우임을 확인하였다. 백한우 32두에 대한 mtDNA D-loop 영역 전체 서열을 이용하여 염기변이 및 유전적 다양성을 확인하였다. A, T, C, G 염기 각각의 빈도는 32.8, 28.9, 24.4 및 13.9%, GC 함량은 38.3%로 확인되었으며, 이러한 빈도는 타 소품종들과 유사하였다. 또한 9개의 다형부위가 확인되었고, 6개의 haplotype으로 분류되었다. haplotype 다양성지수는 0.651, 염기변이율은 0.00181로 확인되었으며, 기존에 보고된 다른 소품종들보다 낮은 수치를 보였다. 염기변이 양상 비교 및 계통유전학적 분석 결과, 백한우에서 나타난 6개의 haplotype은 T1 및 T3 haplogroup으로 분류되었으며, 특히 5개 haplotype이 T3 haplogroup에 포함되었다. 본 연구의 결과는 백한우의 보존, 관리 및 활용을 위한 중요한 자료로 활용될 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.

A number of Korean Chicken breeds were registered in Domestic Animal Diversity Information System (DAD-IS, http://dad.fao.org/) of the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO). Evaluation of genetic diversity and relationship of local breeds is an important factor towards the identification of unique and valuable genetic resources. Therefore, this study aimed to analysis the genetic diversity and relationship of 22 Korean Chicken breeds using 12 microsatellite (MS) markers. The mean number of alleles for each variety was 5.52, ranging from a 3.75 (Leghorn F; NF) to a 7.0 (Ross). The most diverse breed was the Hanhyup3 (HCC), which had the highest expected heterozygosity (HExp) (0.754) and polymorphic information content (PIC) (0.711). The NF was the least diverse population, having the lowest HExp (0.467) and PIC (0.413). As a result of the principal coordinates analysis (PCoA) and factorial correspondence analysis (FCA) confirmed that Hy-line Brown (HL) and Lohmann Brown (LO) are very close to each other and that Leghorn and Rhode Island Red (RIR) are clearly distinguished from other groups. Thus, the reliability and power of identification using 12 types of MS markers were improved, and the genetic diversity and probability of individual discrimination were confirmed through statistical analysis. This study is expected to be used as basic data for the identification of Korean chicken breeds, and our results indicated that these multiplex PCR marker sets will have considerable applications in population genetic structure analysis.

Halla horse is crossbreed between Jeju and Thoroughbred horses and is used for riding, racing and meat production. Thus, molecular genetic studies are needed to establish and preserve the industrially valuable Halla horses. This study aimed to analyses the genetic diversity and population structure through 12 microsatellite (MS) markers for Halla and putatively related 3 breeds (Jeju, Mongolian and Thoroughbred horses). On average, the number of alleles, observed heterozygosity (Hobs), expected heterozygosity (Hexp), and polymorphic information content (PIC) among all horses were 10, 0.767, 0.799, and 0.771, respectively. Neighbor-joining tree and STRUCTURE analysis showed that Halla horses were between Thoroughbred and Jeju horses, tend to more influenced by Thoroughbred horses. Therefore, these results could be considered for use as the basic genetic breed relationships resource among the horse breeds (Jeju, Mongolian, and Thoroughbred horses) related to the origins of the Halla horse.