본고는 이동 동사 ‘来/去’의 문법화 양상과 이에 따른 상(相) 의미를 분석했다. ‘来/ 去’는 [VP+来/去]의 연동문을 기반으로 ‘이동’이라는 본 의미에서 방향성, 시간성, 결 과성, 상태 변화 등으로 의미 추상화가 진행되었고, 이에 따라 [완결], [계속]과 같은 상(相) 의미를 획득하였다. 또한, 명·청 시기까지 문장 끝에 위치하여 사건의 발생, 변화를 나타내는 “사태조사(事态助词)”로 사용되었는데, 이는 현대 중국어 문미 ‘了’ 와 유사한 성분으로 발화자의 관점에서 이미 발생한 사건을 관망하는 완료상의 속성 인 “현재 관련성”을 지니고 있다. 본고는 ‘来/去’가 지닌 사태조사로서의 의미 또한 본 의미 ‘이동’에서 시작된 문법화의 산물임을 확인할 수 있었다.

본고는 고대 중국어에서 현대 중국어에 이르는 동안 ‘使’의 의미 변화 및 의미소의 분화 과정에 대해 알아보고자 한다. 자원(字源) 분석에서 출발하여 의미 변화의 출발점이 되는 ‘使’의 본래의미가 무엇인지 확인하고, 본래의미에서 기타 의미로 파생되는 원리를 추론하는 방식을 사용하였다. ‘使’는 ‘派遣’라는 본래의미로부터 ‘命令’, ‘出 使’, ‘役使’ 등의 의미가 파생되었고, 또한 ‘役使’ 의미에서 ‘使用’ 등의 의미가 파생되었으리라 추정되며, 이러한 파생의미를 기초로 ‘使’는 ‘致使’ 의미의 문법소, ‘假使’ 의 미의 連詞 등의 용법으로 발전되었다는 가능성을 살펴볼 수 있었다.

As an adverb with high frequency of usage, “Jianzhi(简直)” is widely used. However, there are still many problems unsolved in the past. Based on the grammaticalization theory and cognitive theory, this paper dis-cussed the conditions and mechanisms during the grammaticalization process of “Jianzhi”. and clarified the relationships among the meanings of “Jianzhi”. The main conclusions of this paper are as follows: Firstly, When “Jianzhi” is located before other adjectives, it obtains the adverb function through reanalysis mechanism, and modifies adjective predicate and verb predicate. Secondly, under the influence of metaphor mechanism, the semantics of “Jianzhi” is mapped from spatial domain to mode domain. And “Jianzhi” derived the meaning of “fearfully”. Thirdly, through conceptual blending process “Jian” and “Zhi” generated the meaning of “completly”.

이 연구는 한국어 연결어미 ‘-면서’의 의미기능과 통사적 특성을 고찰하고 ‘-면서’의 형성과정을 문법화 관점에서 분석하였다. ‘-면서’는 ‘동시’ 의미와 ‘대립’, ‘진행’의 의미기능을 갖는다. ‘-면서’의 형성과정에서 나타나는 ‘-며셔’는 ‘동시’의 의미인 ‘-며’에서 출발하여 ‘상태 유지’의 ‘-셔’가 결합하여 ‘진행’의 의미기능을 갖는다. 범언어적 특징으로 ‘동시’의 의미는 화용적 기능으로 추론이 되며 ‘양보’, ‘대립’의 의미로 확대되어 화자의 주관적 신념이나 상태 또는 태도로 문법화가 이루어진다. 따라서 ‘- 면서’의 문법화는 ‘동시’의 의미기능을 갖는 ‘-며’에 ‘상태 유지’를 나타내는 ‘-셔’가 결합되어 ‘-며셔’가 되며, 이것은 ‘진행’의 의미기능이 첨가된 것이다. 또한 여기에 ‘동시’의 의미기능을 갖는 ‘-며’에 주제 표지를 나타내는 ‘-ㄴ’이 결합되어 ‘조건’의 의미기능을 갖게 된다. 이 조건의 ‘-면’과 ‘-셔’가 결합하여 선행절의 행위가 이루어질 것을 바탕으로 후행절의 행위에 대해 언급하는 ‘대립’의 의미기능이 형성된 것이라 할 수 있다.

This study focused on the grammaticalization of tou(透)， using the theory of grammaticalization analysed the relationships among the meanings of tou., and discussed the conditions and mechanisms during the grammaticalization process of tou. According to the results of this study, the ethmological meanings of tou-- guo and tiao, were great influnce on the meaning development of tou. The common semantic features between guo and tiao are [out of the border]and [transendence]. Beside that, reanalysis was also played an important role on the grammaticalization of tou. Through reanalysis, the verb tou got the function as a complement. The grammaticalization follows the principle of continuity, which has the advantages of semantic and syntactic conditions. We found out that metaphor, reanalysis and analogy played important parts together during the grammaticalization process of tou.

Crosslinguistically, basic motion verbs similar to the English go and come have been shown to be highly susceptible to grammaticalization. However, there has been relatively little emphasis in previous research on the grammaticalization of the English motion verb come. This paper attempts to redress some of the balance by investigating the grammaticalization of come, with particular emphasis on its occurrence in Serial Verb Constructions. The major aim is to provide a detailed account of how the semantic change undergone by come in such contexts is effected by a number of diverse mechanisms, including metaphor, metonymy and subjectification. In addition, certain functional properties of the grammaticalized come will be discussed, along with certain morphosyntactic changes that occur by way of reanalysis. The result of this analysis should demonstrate that come in its serialized form has undergone extensive grammaticalization, shifting from a fully lexical verb to a functional item in its semantic, categorial and morphosyntactic aspects.

The concept of causality is among the primary human concept- ualizations and thus carries special significance in its linguistic represen- tation. This is well illustrated by numerous cognitive explorations with respect to ``force dynamics``. Since the human construal of caused events in real-world situations involves diversified classification of the causal force, the causal force takes on equally diverse linguistic representations. In Korean such dimensionality of causality is perceptually attributable to, and analytically retrievable from, the semantics of the source lexemes of the complex postpositions and connectives, where the so-called defective nouns participate as a nominal component of the formal constructs. The typology of causality along the physical dimension bears significance in that the members of each subcategory exhibit different behavior in terms of their syntagmatic cooccurrence, as a result of differing semantic constraints. This paper shows that there is a systematic correlation between the semantics of the source nominals and that of the grammaticalized forms; that the dimensional differences can account for the interchangeability and incom- patibility among complex postpositions and connectives; and that the grammaticalization process often involves subjectification of the language user, whereby only a particular aspect of an event is selected for emphasis.

This paper addresses the diverse, and seemingly disparate, uses of the term 'grammaticalization' and the terms closely related to it, and explores the consequences of such different terminology uses. Further, it looks at the recent claims disputing the usefulness of the terms suggesting that the states described by those terms are in fact epiphenomena. It is argued that such claims intending to invalidate the grammaticalization scholarship result from different conceptualization of 'grammar'. The concept of 'gramticalization' has attracted attention of language researchers in the functional paradigms, and has proved helpful for understanding not only the synchronic states of affairs of language but also the workings of the human cognition which enables the strategic uses of language in meaning negotiation between interlocutors. However, the term has variable names and has diverse conceptualizations by the researchers depending on their different persuasions. Identifying and differentiating these diverse labels for the self-same linguistic phenomena will be helpful for grammaticalization studies. By identifying the problems surrounding the ternology, this paper will show that such misconception is in fact due to a different interpretation of the terms involved. This paper intends to explicate the varied conception of grammaticalization terminology and their consequences.

Discourse is the locus where the interlocutors negotiate the meaning of lexical items. This paper aims to develop a multifuctional profile of though as a discourse marker specially through the study of what functions a discourse marker though has. It is shown that though as a discourse marker is syntactically free and usually enclitic. Its basic use is to introduce a proposition that is contrary to expectation. It signals that the speaker is engaged in a particular speech act, especially of a face-threatening type, such as contradicting, correcting, or disagreeing with the previous speaker. It can serve function of introducing a new topic or subtopic as Barth-Weingarten and Couper-Kuhlen (2002) suggested as the function of the final though. In addition, the syntactic and semantic change of though is traced in light of grammaticalization. It claims that in the course of grammaticalization of though, some mechanisms are employed such as subjectification, generalization, persistence, divergence, and layering